Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Sanjay Goel

INCITE’07

Indo-European Workshop

Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University, Noida, India

Design of Interactive Systems: Looking Beyond Cognitive domain

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Some Cold facts on E-learning

• ETV survey in Europe: Only one-third of respondents rate the quality of eLearning as ‘good’. Just one percent of respondents rate e-Learning as ‘excellent’, …

Ref: Qingyang, Gui (2003), Mlearning: a new development towards more flexible and learner-centred learning, Teaching English with Technology: A Journal for Teachers of English, Vol. 3, Issue 2.

• Survey of nearly 1400 engineers: Computer based training received lowest rating amongst nine teaching methods.

Ref: Bodmer Christian, Leu Andrea, Mira Lukas, Rütter Heinz (2002), “SPINE: Successful Practices in International Engineering Education”

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Necessary Direction for Learning Technology

• Educational software and learning systems need to be designed based on deep understanding of ‘learning’:– Cognitive domain– Affective domain– Psychomotor domain

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

What learners think?

Pedagogical practices: Highest ranked practices • Applying theories/concepts to practical problems/in new situations.• Analyzing the basic elements of an idea, experience, or theory, such

as examining a particular case or situation in depth and considering its components.• Synthesizing and organizing ideas, information, or experiences into

new, more complex interpretations and relationships• Making judgments about the value of information, arguments, or

methods, such as examining how others gathered and interpreted data and assessing the soundness of their conclusions

• Understand someone else's views by imagining how an issue looks from other’s perspective

• Have serious conversations with students of different background/ beliefs/opinions/values.

• Challenging Examinations • Examine the strengths and weaknesses of their views • Put together ideas or concepts from different courses • Tutor or teach other students

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

What learners think?Pedagogical practices: Lowest ranked practices

• Memorizing facts, ideas, or methods so they can be repeat them in pretty much the same form.

• Mainly depend on text book and/or lecture notes.

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Learning Environments: Taxonomy of Learner’s conditioning

• Unexpressive learner: Learner is only listening and does not add any content to the discourse in learning session.

• Reactively expressive learner : Learner reacts and asks for some clarifications without adding any other type of content to the discourse in learning session.

• Actively expressive learner : Learner get individually engaged in some kind of analytical, creative, evaluative, rediscover, or problem solving activity and adds some content to the discourse in learning session.

• Interactively Expressive learner: Learner proactively collaborates with other learners to analyze, synthesize, critique, evaluate, rediscover, and solve problems and adds content to the discourse in learning session.

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

What learners think?

Learner’s conditioning Learner’s perception of effectiveness:

a. Un-expressive learner 1.0

b. Reactively expressive learner 1.0

c. Actively expressive learner 9.2

d. Interactively expressive learner 10.5

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Research Opportunities

• Evaluation and validation of learning theories in the context of e-learning

• Creation of theories of e-learning.

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

• Contemporary computer games do not fully

address the needs of a feminine player who enjoys – co-operation, relationships, caring– realistic characters, female characters, player as

protagonist, changing into something magical– non-violence, control of pace, – own goals, realistic settings

• Only a limited number of computer games are enjoyable for the elderly. Many games have been judged unsuitable for elders:– Small size of the objects on the screen– rapid movements or reactions required– Inappropriate sound

Some Cold facts on Computer Games

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Proposed model for Computer Games for Elderly

• Aim Emotional fulfillment

• Enhancing the cognitive skills and also improving the fine motor skills.

• The games may leverage and test decision making skills and with relevance to their past experience.

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

• Transcendence needs • Self-Actualization needs • Aesthetic needs • Cognitive needs • Esteem needs • Belongingness and Love (Social) needs• Safety needs

• Biological and Physiological needs

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Multiple Intelligences Theory: Gardner

1. Naturalist2. Linguistic-Literary3. Intrapersonal4. Logical-mathematical5. Musical-Auditory6. Visual-Spatial7. Body-Kinesthetic8. Interpersonal9. Existential

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Opportunity

• Computer: – Cold Machine Medium

• Domain: – Cognition Emotion

• Design focus: – HCI “Affect sensitive Design”

Cognitive-experiential systems

Sanjay Goel, JIIT University, 2006

Questions

• How to assess the user’s affective state?

• How affect could be leveraged to design interactive systems?

• How technology systems could be designed to address social pathologies like depression, alienation, and solitude?