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Design & Security

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Security?

• Camera?• Tourniquet?• Fences?• Security controls?

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What is security in public space?

• Ease• Freedom• Not to feel threatened• Openness • Light• To be able to read a book• No negative triggers• Quality of sound• Presence of people and human control

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Perception of security is

• Personal + emotional = subjective• STILL: a lot of know-how on technical &

measurable aspects of security• Much less on subjective/emotional dimension

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Palette of emotions & elements

• Underground - surface• Technical & soft control - flux modeling• Light, acoustics, color, sound, temperature,

maintenance, supervision, art• Legibility of space• Presence of facilities & services

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Presence & size

• Transversal: in all layers of society• Diverse aspects: multidisciplinary approach• Developed by YdesignFoundation • In cooperation with UITP

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Research program 1/2

• What are the triggers that prevent people from travelling by tram, bus, metro?

• Which are the best cases?• What do they share?

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Research program 2/2

• Where?• Europe • Intermodal stations for urban public transport

• Who does the research?• A multidisciplinary team of antropologists sociologist,

psychologists, designers, architects, urban planners, engineers, ...

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Target groups

• Operators & authorities in urban public transport• Architects, urban planners, real estate

developers

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Cooperation with

• UITP : 85 countries + 2700 members• POLIS: European mobility network• Flemish Government• Cabinet for Equal Opportunities of Brussels Capital

Government

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PT Operators & corporations

• STIB/MIVB - Brussels/Belgium• VVM - de Lijn - Flanders/Belgium• RATP - Paris - France• Sporveier - Oslo - Norway• Lanstrafiken - Jönnköping - Sweden• Storstockholm Lokaltrafik - Stockholm - Sweden• Istanbul Ulasim - Istanbul - Turkey• STCP - Porto - Portugal• Schréder - Liège - Belgium• IBM• Clear Channel

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Objectives

• Practical guidelines in terms of exploitation & management of interchange zones in intermodal tram-bus-metro-stations

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Where are we now?

• Conclusions & Guidelines • To be officially presented at UITP World

Congress on May 23rd in Helsinki

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General concept:

• Urban Public Transport stations are a public space

• Hence can be seen as a heterotopia (Martin Hajer’s interpretation after Michel Foucault’s heterotopia concept 1967)

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Front & Back Space behaviour

• Front space: USE• Behaviour as prescribed

• Eg Benches & seats are used as designer conceived them

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Back space: RUSE & ABUSE

• RUSE: unexpected behaviour• Challenging behaviour often responding to technological

innovation• Eyebrows up• Irritations

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ABUSE

• Unacceptable behaviour• Operators should enforce existing conventions,

rules• Improving perceived security and control

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Operators should reposition themselves• Evolve from transporters to• Mobility and community service providers• and offer:

• Transport• Information• Retailing • Entertainment• Stay in control & create synergies

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Design measures

• 3 layers• 1. Infrastructure• 2. Equipment• 3. Senses

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Some design Guidelines - layer 1• Design space in space to wait, meet, connect, pause• Multi-functionality creates better social control

• Convex spaces• Unhampered by kiosks, vending machines etc.• Shorten walkways inside station• Reduce number of walkways to increase density of fluxes• Improve social control

• Provide good lines of sight to and from the interior of the entrance - exit

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Some design guidelines layer 2/1

• Use good looking materials in entrances - exits• Shape the entrance - exit so as to close it during non-service hours without creating dead-ends

The use of stainless steel mirrors and advertisement or frequently changed surface mitigates vandalism if in conformity with fire & explosion regulations

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Some design guidelines - layer 2/2

• Equip station entrances with highly visible signs• Strip immediate surroundings of all visible

obstacles

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Some design guidelines layer 3/1

• Add to every worker’s task the mission of surveillance• Increase the visibility of workers• Workers should have helping - friendly attitude• Several companies operating, but only 1 vest• Provide smart looking civilian looking uniforms

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Some design measures layer 3/2

• Create a secure, comfortable and clean environment• Clean graffiti within 24hours• Use easy to clean, repair surfaces• Use inefficient surfaces on which paints do not adhere

conveniently

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Some design measures - layer 3/3• Increase female workers, it dilutes aggressiveness amongst passengers

• ‘any seat is a pregnant priority one’

• Create synergies with hospitals, entertainment centres, event organisations

Help schools to use Public Transport in its visits/travelsArrange escorts

26Thank you