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Design, Installa on, and Service Manual

Minnesota ‐ 440 gpd

© Waterloo Biofilter Systems

Design, Installation & Service Manual

General Description

Confidential to Installers & Designers Authorized by Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc.

Do Not Copy or Distribute

Property of Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc. To be returned upon request

Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc. 143 Dennis Street, P.O. Box 400

Rockwood, Ontario N0B 2K0 T: 519-856-0757 F: 519-856-0759

www.waterloo-biofilter.com

TABLE OF CONTENETS – GENERAL DESCRIPTION

DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Table of Contents – General Description

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WATERLOO BIOFILTER® ................................. 1

1.1 HOW THE WATERLOO BIOFILTER® WORKS .................................................................................... 1

1.2 WATERLOO BIOFILTER ADVANTAGES ............................................................................................ 4 Cost Effective & Sustainable ............................................................................................... 4 Superior Technology ............................................................................................................ 5

1.3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS .............................................................................................................. 6 WIRE MESH BASKETS BIOFILTER ......................................................................................... 6

1.4 SIZING WATERLOO BIOFILTERS .................................................................................................... 7

1.5 SEPTIC TANK............................................................................................................................ 8

1.6 DOSING .................................................................................................................................. 9 Pump Tanks & Dose Volumes ............................................................................................. 9 Distribution ....................................................................................................................... 10 Pump Sizing ....................................................................................................................... 11

1.7 RECIRCULATION ..................................................................................................................... 12

1.8 VENTILATION ......................................................................................................................... 13 Odor Potential ................................................................................................................... 14

1.9 OUR EXPERIENCE.................................................................................................................... 15

1.10 THIRD PARTY TESTING ........................................................................................................... 17

1.11 TECHNOLOGY PROTECTION ..................................................................................................... 17

1.1 HOW THE WATERLOO BIOFILTER WORKS

PAGE | 1 DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1. General Description of the Waterloo Biofilter®

1.1 How the Waterloo Biofilter® Works

The Waterloo Biofilter® is an on-site (decentralized) wastewater treatment system for residential, commercial, and small municipal applications. Difficult sites such as bedrock, high water table, clay soil, small lot, and environmentally sensitive areas are especially suitable for the Waterloo Biofilter technology due to its consistently high treatment levels and small footprint. The Waterloo Biofilter has been extensively tested in the field and proven effective with sewage wastewater from:

Individual homes and cottages Small municipalities Restaurants, truck stops Large and small golf courses Trailer parks, campgrounds Schools, marinas Nursing homes, greenhouses Greywater sources Landfill leachate* Food-processing facilities* Agricultural facilities*

*with restrictions

More than 15 independent agencies have tested Waterloo Biofilter technology at over 25 sites and more than 4,000 systems, both small and large scale, have been installed across Canada and several other countries.

The key to the Waterloo Biofilter system is the highly efficient and absorbent foam filter medium which promotes microbial growth on the interior surfaces where they thrive, are protected, and can grow out into large open pore spaces. Wastewater is distributed evenly over the surface of the filter medium where it is absorbed and held by the foam. As the wastewater slowly percolates down through the foam, naturally occurring microbes degrade the solids and organic matter, attenuate coliform bacteria, and nitrify ammonium.



The Waterloo Biofilter filter medium has been engineered to have the reverse physical properties of sand. In a sand filter, bacteria live on the outer surfaces of the sand grains where they grow out into the small pores between particles and restrict air (oxygen) and water flow. In a Waterloo Biofilter, bacteria live on the internal surfaces of the filter medium where they are protected, grow out into large open pores without sloughing off, and do not restrict air and water flow through the filter.

Waterloo Biofilters Sand Filters

separate flow paths for air (oxygen) & wastewater

biomat growth does not restrict wastewater or air flow paths

effective treatment at high loading rates allows smaller footprint

not susceptible to clogging highly absorbent permanent filter medium

same flow path for both air & wastewater biomat growth restricts air flow path hindering

treatment biomat growth restricts wastewater flow path

limiting loading rates less efficient media takes up significantly more

space susceptible to clogging somewhat absorbent



Plugging of the filter medium does not occur even at very high hydraulic loading rates. The filter medium retains water via capillary action so that bacteria can degrade the organic contaminants and nitrify ammonium (required to remove nitrogen). Because it is not submerged, the filter medium allows oxygen to passively circulate throughout it without the need for high energy air compressors and diffusers. The result is a very passive system that provides an aerobic treatment environment at the outer surfaces of the filter medium, and a more anoxic treatment environment deeper within the filter medium’s interiors.

Waterloo Biofilter systems consistently produce tertiary quality effluent that is easily dispersed back into the environment. All this is accomplished using very little energy, minimal maintenance requirements, and a permanent filter medium.

Waterloo Biofilter foam filter medium

Photomicrograph of microbial colonies in filter medium after 12 months of heavy use

1.2 WATERLOO BIOFILTER ADVANTAGES


1.2 Waterloo Biofilter Advantages

Waterloo Biofilters offer many distinct advantages over conventional treatment units. Waterloo Biofilters have been treating residential wastewaters onsite since 1991 – as long as almost anyone in the world. Over the years we have gained invaluable field and design experience which we incorporate into the design of our systems and share with our installers and designers. Besides an excellent product producing high treatment levels verified by numerous third party testing agencies, when working with Waterloo Biofilter Systems you also receive system design assistance, troubleshooting, and technical support from our knowledgeable staff – all free of extra charge. We support our installers by immediately addressing any problems or concerns they may experience, and we support our end-users by standing behind our product 100%. You won’t find this same level of service and support with any other wastewater treatment company!

Cost Effective & Sustainable

Filter medium is warranted to last for 20 years in residential applications and will likely last much longer

Lowest long-term operating costs with no regularly replaced filter media, very low power consumption, and regular maintenance reduced to a simple inspection

Very passive system – uses up to 85% less energy than competing ATU or ‘suspended sludge’ technologies

Excellent, consistent treatment removes virtually all solids before dispersal – greatly reducing the chances of a costly dispersal bed failure

No air compressors or diffusers – no continually running power, no aerobic sludge to pump out, no high maintenance components

Lightweight units can be barged easily to islands and manoeuvred onsite

Simple installation process means fewer errors and less time spent onsite

1.2 WATERLOO BIOFILTER ADVANTAGES


Superior Technology

Excellent, documented treatment levels in testing such as US-EPA ETI (24 months in triplicate) and US-EPA & NSF sponsored ETV (14 months) and 21-month single-pass testing

High treatment levels even in very cold climate – unlike ATU’s as shown in side-by-side testing at Buzzards Bay (www.buzzardsbay.org/etiresults.htm)

No need for immersion heaters to treat cold sewage; no aerobic sludge management

Aesthetically pleasing results – attractive above-ground and out-of-sight below-ground systems – all with minimal unsightly raised mounding

High hydraulic loading rate – will not plug due to high loading rates or leaking fixtures

Physical filtration of wastewater means consistent treatment – no short circuiting as found in ATU ‘suspended sludge’ systems during surge flows or power outages

Very high surface-area-to-volume ratio promotes dense microbial populations

Absorbent foam medium retains wastewater – moderates variable flow rates and protects bacteria during low flow periods (perfect for seasonal use)

Quick start-up after long shut downs because absorbent filter medium remains damp inside so the bacteria do not desiccate and die off

Very robust system – easily recoverable if septic tank dies

Removal of Total Nitrogen results in less of an impact on the local environment and can allow for denser development of environmentally sensitive areas

Reduced footprint – can be installed where other systems can’t – small lots, waterfront, bedrock, high water table, clay soils, etc.

Waterloo Biofilters have the lowest long-term operating costs of any treatment technology; with no

regularly replaced filter media and very low power consumption

1.3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS


1.3 System Components

WIRE MESH BASKETS BIOFILTER Residential Applications

Below-ground, recirculation system

Rigid mesh baskets are packed with filter medium and placed in a concrete Biofilter tank

Wire mesh constructed of 12-gauge steel with a non-corrosive vinyl coating

Treated effluent is pumped from the concrete Biofilter tank to dispersal and recirculation

Open mesh walls allow air to circulate freely throughout the filter medium

Baskets are custom sized according to the Design Flow & the internal dimensions of locally available concrete tanks

1.4 SIZING WATERLOO BIOFILTERS

Page | 7 DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.4 Sizing Waterloo Biofilters

The size of a Waterloo Biofilter depends on the type of wastewater and the design flow. The stronger the wastewater, the lower the loading rate onto the filter medium, and thus the greater the amount of filter medium required. The higher the flow rate the greater the amount of filter medium required. Domestic sewage is typically low strength and is sized based on the standard loading rate shown below.

TYPE OF WASTEWATER LOADING RATE

gpd per ft3 of foam filter medium (L/day per m3)

Typical Domestic 5.6 (750)

1.5 SEPTIC TANK


1.5 Septic Tank

All Waterloo Biofilter systems use a septic tank for primary anaerobic treatment, denitrification, and settling of solids. Like all septic tanks it must be pumped out over time as accumulated solids reduce the working capacity of the tank. Pump out frequency is generally once every 3-5 years depending on use. The Waterloo Biofilter treatment unit itself does not produce any aerobic sludge to manage.

Waterloo Biofilter requires that the minimum working capacity of the septic tank be the greater of:

1000 gal and

the volume providing at least 2 days retention time (domestic strength sewage), or

All septic tanks used in conjunction with the Waterloo Biofilter system must be registered by the MPCA.

Long and narrow septic tank designs are preferred over short and wide designs as this reduces short-circuiting through the septic tank. Longer tanks provide longer settling distances and increased retention times resulting in a better quality septic tank effluent than in short, squat tanks.

Inlet baffles must be used to limit short-circuiting. The outlet of the septic tank must be equipped with an effluent filter to prevent solids from leaving the tank. Effluent filters must be accessible from grade for servicing. Access risers must be large enough to service the baffle and effluent filter from grade.

Wire Mesh Basket treatment units recirculate treated Biofilter effluent back to the septic tank to help moderate fluctuating flows, improve treatment, and increase denitrification. In these configurations the recirculation line should be connected to the inlet of the first chamber of the septic tank so that settled solids in the second chamber are not disturbed and re-suspended. The connection should be at a minimum 45° angle to ensure raw sewage cannot bypass the septic tank and flow directly into the treatment unit.

1.6 DOSING


1.6 Dosing

Pump Tanks & Dose Volumes

A pump tank is used to dose septic tank effluent to the Waterloo Biofilter treatment unit. For residential systems, the pump can operate on demand dosing at 5.3-7.93 gal/dose (20 – 30 L/dose) for normal 3-4 bedroom houses. The Waterloo Biofilter PC-5 pump chamber is already sized appropriately to provide this dosage rate. Greater pump tank storage capacity and timed dosing is recommended for larger or party houses and for churches, schools, etc. For timed dosing the pump tank must have a usable working capacity of 1/3 to 2/3 the design flow (this is the volume between the invert and above the effluent pump height; typically the total capacity is 0.5-1 times the design flow) for residential systems. Even dosing of wastewater to the Waterloo Biofilter treatment unit is important to prevent hydraulic overloads and maintain excellent treatment. Dosing should be sized at ~ 1% of peak design flow each time the pump turns on (i.e., ~ 4.5 gal/dose for a single 440 gpd household). Each dose should take about 30 seconds and be at a flow rate of ~ 10 gpm. If the volume of wastewater is dosed too quickly (e.g., in 5-10 seconds at 50 gpm) then short-circuiting and decreased treatment may result.

1.6 DOSING


Distribution

In order to maintain excellent treatment, wastewater must be evenly distributed over the foam so that the entire foam volume is utilized.

Wastewater is pumped through a 1” or 2” schedule 40 PVC spray manifold with downward facing helical spray nozzles. These nozzles evenly distribute wastewater and should be checked for blockages or clogging as part of regular routine maintenance.

Helical spray nozzle

The system is supplied with an inline filter to decrease routine maintenance of the nozzles. This inline filter must be located in the pump chamber, not the Biofilter tank. Testing shows that when fully clogged the inline filter adds an additional 5’ of head which should be taken into account when considering pump upgrades. This inline filter comes pre-plumbed with our WBS pump chambers and pump tanks. The bottom section screws off and the interior screen is easily removed for simple servicing. The filter should be removed, emptied and cleaned as part of routine system maintenance.

If freezing is of particular concern drill a 3/16” drain hole in the bottom of the filter, or simply remove the inline filter at the possible expense of increased nozzle maintenance.

Inline filter with stainless steel screen

1.6 DOSING


Pump Sizing

The distribution system includes a medium to high head effluent pump sized to generate 10-15 psi at the nozzle heads. This is typically a ½ hp WSV50HM (45’h) Little Giant cast iron vortex pump. Pumps may be upgraded to higher head versions depending on the particular site. Commercial systems are generally designed with alternating duplex pumps so that the system still works if one pump fails.

REMEMBER ... Larger pumps may be necessary when pumping elevations exceed 20’ or pumping distances exceed 50’. There are four (4) things that you will need to know to determine if you need a pump upgrade.

• Elevation from the bottom of the pump tank to the nozzles • Length of pipe • Diameter of pipe • Number and type of spray nozzles

If you need help determining whether pump upgrades are required, please call us for design assistance at 519-856-0757.

1.7 RECIRCULATION


1.7 Recirculation

Treatment is improved if a portion of the treated Waterloo Biofilter effluent is recirculated back to the first chamber of the septic tank. Typically a ratio of 50% dispersal and 50% recirculation is used. Recirculation is especially important for high strength wastewaters and where increased nitrogen removal is required.

Below ground Wire Mesh Baskets treatment units recirculate.

Recirculation helps treatment by:

Moderating fluctuating flows for easier dispersal Removing excessive organic matter to prevent strong odor and to promote nitrification Increasing denitrification of nitrified Biofilter effluent to increase nitrogen removal

If high concentrations of contaminants are expected (lots of oils and greases) or water conservation measures are used (low-flow toilets and showers), a recirculation ratio of 50% or more is recommended.

1.8 VENTILATION


1.8 Ventilation

Residential configurations are passively aerated by vents fitted with activated charcoal filters. Activated charcoal is specifically engineered to control septic odors. The charcoal comes in “pucks” which are removable for replacement over time. The randomly piled foam cubes used as a filter medium allow for air to flow between adjacent foam pieces. This maintains an aerobic environment without the need for a large, high-energy, high-maintenance air compressor commonly found with other systems.

Passive Air Vent in HDPE Tank Lid

1.8 VENTILATION


Odor Potential

When properly installed and operating normally all Waterloo Biofilter treatment systems should be without odors. Qualitative third party investigations of odors were conducted during the United States EPA and NSF sponsored Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) testing program. This was performed at a distance of three feet from the Waterloo Biofilter above-ground Cedar Shed system during dosing of the Biofilter over seven months. This testing found no discernable odors (www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/09_vr_waterloo.pdf - page 4-27). All Waterloo treatment units have sealed joints and are equipped with activated charcoal filters over air vents to block and capture odors.

When operating properly even the Waterloo Biofilter media itself should have no highly objectionable odor – only a musty basement or swampy smell. If any septic odors come from the Biofilter itself it is typically a sign of sulphur content in the water, or that the septic tank has died and the use of disinfectants and cleaners should be reduced at the facility.

When an odor is present on site more often than not its source is the septic tank or roof’s septic vent pipe, not the Waterloo Biofilter unit. Odor is usually caused by or a sign of:

Unhealthy septic tank (e.g., from medication or excessive disinfectant use) Strong wastewaters such as:

restaurants extreme water conservation measures (low flow fixtures)

High amounts of sulphur as ‘rotten egg’ gas

REMEMBER ...

Care must be taken when the water supply is from a black shale, limestone area, or sulphide rock. Hydrogen sulphide in the water (rotten egg smell) makes treatment more difficult because of the need for more oxygen supply. Even with non-odorous sulphate (gypsum sources) hydrogen sulphide is produced in the septic tank, and even small amounts make strong rotten-egg odors. Hydrogen sulphide forms sulphuric acid at the air-water interface in the septic tank and pump chamber, and dissolves out the concrete walls and ceiling. This acid eats away at the concrete and in extreme cases causes the concrete tank to fall apart. Fibreglass or polyethylene tanks prevent this acid-corrosion problem.

1.9 OUR EXPERIENCE


1.9 Our Experience

The following is information that we have compiled during our ~17 years of experience treating wastewater onsite with the Waterloo Biofilter system. This information will help you to understand how and why the Waterloo Biofilter system treats wastewater.

Even Distribution: Even, light, and frequent distribution of wastewater over the surface of the Waterloo Biofilter assures good treatment. If a nozzle is partially plugged organics and solids treatment will remain adequate for several months. There will however be a decrease in nitrification, and high water alarms will ultimately result. It is important to either flush the dosing system before use or to start-up the Waterloo Biofilter system without nozzles, to be reinstalled after the system has initially run. This will prevent any stone, sand, plastic bits etc. that may work its way into the piping during installation from clogging the spray nozzles. Cleaning of the inline filter and inspection of the nozzle spray pattern (checking for clogging) should be a part of regular system maintenance.

Treating BOD and TSS: Most septic tank effluent can be treated to a level of cBOD (carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand – a measure of organic contamination) and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) of less than 10 mg/L for each parameter, or about 90 – 95% removal. This is a high-quality effluent which is clear, colorless and odorless. This treated effluent is much easier to dispose of below ground compared to untreated septic tank effluent.

Treating Pathogens (disease-causing bacteria): Fecal coliform (E. coli) bacteria and viruses are typically reduced by 99% in the Waterloo Biofilter alone, however the effluent is not sterile and care should be taken during sampling. If the Biofilter is not attaining these levels there may be a problem with the distribution system short-circuiting, heavy disinfectant or medication use in the household, concentrated wastewater from heavy use of fried foods, in-sink garbage disposal, or water conservation measures. UV disinfection can also be installed after the Biofilter and prior to surface dispersal or re-use as shown below.

Start-up and Winter Start-up: A brand new septic tank generally takes up to a year to reach full treatment capability while the Waterloo Biofilter takes two to four weeks to reach optimum treatment level, and slightly longer than that in the winter. Nitrification of the ammonium is thorough regardless of season, however with a winter start-up the conversion of ammonium to nitrite and then to nitrate may take several months to begin. Once nitrification occurs in the Biofilter, it continues through subsequent winters.

1.9 OUR EXPERIENCE


Seasonal use: During no flow periods the microbial population inside the Waterloo Biofilter does not dry out and die off. Unlike aeration technology there is no need to add a carbon (food) source to the treatment unit to sustain the bacteria. The Waterloo Biofilter foam medium retains some moisture even when the system is not in use for an extended period of time. This prevents the bacteria from desiccating (drying out) and dying. Because of this and the fact that the bacteria are attached growth, without a food source the bacteria become dormant instead of dying. When wastewater is reintroduced to the system there is little effect on treatment levels as there is no need to repopulate the bacterial colonies.

Nitrogen Removal: Nitrogen is removed in the Waterloo Biofilter via nitrification (the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate) and denitrification (the reduction of nitrate to Nitrogen gas). This process occurs naturally due to Nitrifying bacteria which live inside the foam medium. Typical removal rates in a Waterloo Biofilter of Total Nitrogen (Total Nitrogen (TN) = total reduced nitrogen (TKN) + nitrate-N and nitrite-N) are 25-35% with a single-pass system, and 50-65% with a recirculation system. No nitrogen is removed until nitrification begins which takes a few weeks after start-up in summer, and a few months after start-up in the winter.

1.10 THIRD PARTY TESTING


1.10 Third Party Testing

The Waterloo Biofilter system has been thoroughly tested and proven to be effective by numerous independent third party programs such as the 24-month US EPA’s Environmental Technology Initiative tested in triplicate, and the 14-month Environmental Technology Verification Program sponsored by the US EPA and NSF. These tests are a longer duration than the NSF Standard 40 testing and include more rigorous and more frequent stress tests on the system. This testing was performed at the Buzzard’s Bay Septic System Test Facility in Massachusetts. High levels of treatment were observed even during several cold winters. We believe in testing our products in the environment they’re to be installed in, not during a hot Texas summer as some other aeration systems do. This way we know how our system will perform long-term here in Canada.

Other testing contracted out to third party facilities include the testing of single-pass Waterloo Biofilters, and an Area Bed fine sand performance analysis for fecal coliform removal rates.

1.11 Technology Protection

The Waterloo Biofilter process and apparatus are patented in the US and Canada (U.S. Patents 5,707,513; 5,762,784; 5,980,739; 5,997,747; 6,063,268; 6,153,094; 6,270,661; 6,749,745; Canadian Patents 2,096,175; 2,139,554; 2,189,809; 2,203,967; 2,418,876) with other patents pending.

The terms "BIOFILTER”, "WATERLOO”, AND “LOO” are registered trademarks owned by Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc. (WBS) and can only be used to describe the Waterloo Biofilter® and components.

Publications and brochures of Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc. are copyright protected, and cannot be reproduced or used without written permission. The descriptions of treatment and disposal means developed by Waterloo Biofilter Systems, such as the Area Bed, are copyright protected, and cannot be used for submissions to authorities for approvals for other technologies.


Design, Installation & Service Manual

Residential Design & Installation







TABLE OF CONTENTS – RESIDENTIAL DESIGN & INSTALLATION

DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – RESIDENTIAL DESIGN & INSTALLATION

Table of Contents – Residential Design & Installation

2. WATERLOO BIOFILTER RESIDENTIAL DESIGN & INSTALLATION GUIDE ............ 1

2.1 SITE LAYOUT ............................................................................................................................ 1

2.2 SEPTIC TANK............................................................................................................................ 2

2.3 EFFLUENT FILTER ...................................................................................................................... 3

2.4 PUMP TANK ............................................................................................................................ 5 Dosing Timer Settings ......................................................................................................... 5

2.5 WIRE MESH BASKETS ............................................................................................................. 10

2.6 COLD WEATHER PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................. 15

2.7 ELECTRICAL WIRING ................................................................................................................ 16 General Wiring Comments ................................................................................................ 16 Float Tree Color Coding ..................................................................................................... 17 Duplex Demand Control Panel .......................................................................................... 18 Simplex Timer & Demand Control Panel ........................................................................... 19 Setting the Timer Panels ................................................................................................... 20

2.8 SYSTEM COMMISSIONING ........................................................................................................ 21

2.1 SITE LAYOUT

PAGE | 1 DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – RESIDENTIAL DESIGN & INSTALLATION

2. Waterloo Biofilter Residential Design & Installation Guide

2.1 Site Layout

In consultation with the homeowner, plan your site layout keeping in mind ease of installation and servicing, all current and potential structures (pools, sheds), geographical features and the potential for odors. Also keep in mind the setback distances that are required by the local authority.

Next, follow these steps:

1. Site the septic tank, pump tank, Biofilter treatment unit, and dispersal area where machinery access is easy, but away from vehicular traffic.

2. Locate the septic tank and pump tank close to the sewer outlet from the facility.

3. It is preferable to locate the treatment unit as close to the septic tank/pump tank as possible, since a single control panel is typically used to run both the pump tank and Biofilter pumps.

4. Locate the dispersal area in an open, elevated, low traffic area. Avoid low lying areas, depressions, and the base of hills or slopes as surface water may flood and saturate the bed.

5. Determine existing and proposed grades to ensure that all forcemains can be free draining. If the forcemains cannot be free draining ensure that all necessary precautions are taken to prevent freezing.

2.2 SEPTIC TANK


2.2 Septic Tank

Waterloo Biofilter requires that the minimum working capacity of the septic tank be the greater of:

1000 gal and

the volume providing at least 2 days retention time (domestic strength sewage), or

All septic tanks used in conjunction with the Waterloo Biofilter system must be registered by the MPCA.

Long and narrow septic tank designs are preferred over short and wide designs as this will reduce the amount of short-circuiting through the septic tank. Longer tanks provide longer settling distances and increased retention time resulting in a better quality septic tank effluent.

Inlet baffles must be used to limit short circuiting. The outlet of the septic tank must be equipped with an effluent filter to prevent solids from leaving the tank. Baffles and effluent filters must be accessible from grade for servicing.

Below ground treatment units recirculate 50% of the treated effluent to the septic tank. Ensure that the recirculation forcemain connects to the septic tank inlet and does not go into the side of the tank. The connection to the septic tank inlet should be at a minimum 45° angle to ensure raw sewage cannot bypass the septic tank and flow directly into the treatment unit.

Recirculation Connection to Septic Tank Inlet

Septic tanks must be installed according to manufacturer’s instructions.

2.3 EFFLUENT FILTER


2.3 Effluent Filter

Remove the outlet baffle and install the effluent filter at the septic tank outlet as per manufacturer’s instruction. Ensure the access port is large enough to access the effluent filter for service. Be sure to locate the effluent filter far enough inside the tank to clear the riser opening during cleanings.

Small Effluent Filters – WW1 (4” diameter)

Large Effluent Filters – PL-525 (12” diameter)

2.3 EFFLUENT FILTER


If the septic tank is deeply buried ensure that a handle connected to the effluent filter is accessible for servicing.

Effluent Filter Handle Accessible From Grade

2.4 PUMP TANK


2.4 Pump Tank

All Waterloo Biofilter systems utilize a pump tank located between the septic tank and the Biofilter treatment unit to dose septic tank effluent to the Biofilter foam medium. The Waterloo Biofilter is dosed using short frequent bursts to allow the foam to absorb newer untreated wastewater at the top and expel ‘older’ treated wastewater out the bottom of the treatment unit. If dose rates are too high retention time will decrease and untreated wastewater may short circuit through the system. The target dose rate to the Waterloo Biofilter treatment unit is 0.045-0.067 gal/ft3 (6 - 9 L/m3) of foam per dose.

A pump tank is used to dose septic tank effluent to the Waterloo Biofilter treatment unit. For residential systems, the pump can operate on demand dosing at 5.3-7.93 gal/dose (20 – 30 L/dose) for normal 3-4 bedroom houses. The Waterloo Biofilter PC-5 pump chamber is already sized appropriately to provide this dosage rate. Greater pump tank storage capacity and timed dosing is recommended for larger or party houses and for churches, schools, etc. For timed dosing the pump tank must have a usable working capacity of 1/3 to 2/3 the design flow (this is the volume between the invert and above the effluent pump height; typically the total capacity is 1/2 to 1 times the design flow) for residential systems.

As with septic tanks, pump tanks must be installed according to manufacturer’s instructions. For more detailed installation information please contact the manufacturer.

Dosing Timer Settings

Dosing pumps can be controlled by an OFF-ON cycle timer. The ON duration length is set to ensure doses of 0.045-0.067 gal/ft3 of foam and should not be changed once properly set up. The OFF duration length is set so that the Peak Flow is balanced throughout the day. The OFF settings can be adjusted later if the Average Flow varies greatly from Peak Flow, or if high water alarms go off. In order to calculate the OFF-ON cycles the capacity of the pump (gpm) at the given total dynamic head (tdh) must be determined.

A pump calculation spreadsheet is available to help determine pump capacities. However it is strongly recommended to contact us for assistance.

2.4 PUMP TANK


Plumbing components supplied standard for pump tanks:

1. Submersible Effluent Pump 2. 2” to 1” Pump Stem 3. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow 4. Union 5. Union 6. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow 7. Inline Filter 8. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow

Standard Simplex Dosing Plumbing Arrangement

3/16” de-burred drain hole

2.4 PUMP TANK


To install the pump and plumbing, follow these steps:

Plumb the pump tank as shown above. Ensure all connections are primed and glued.

Ensure that all adjustable plumbing (union and inline filter) is brought up into the riser and that it is accessible from grade.

Drill a 3/16” (maximum) hole in the bottom of elbow #8 to ensure the dosing pipe remains free-draining and will not freeze. The hole must be drilled AFTER the connection has been glued.

Ensure the arrow on top of the inline filter is pointing in the direction of flow.

Lower the dosing pump into the pump tank. Use a nylon rope to lower the pump into the tank. Do not lower the pump using the electrical wires.

Attach the float tree to the riser (extend the float tree if necessary) with the clamp provided. Seal any screws holes in the riser. Ensure the float tree is accessible, stands on the tank floor, and the floats are free to move.

Take pump and float wires through the riser with conduit and seal with sealant. Ensure to leave enough wire so that the pump and floats can be removed from the tank.

Undo the union and remove the male adaptor-elbow combination.

Attach nylon rope (not supplied) to the pump. Ensure rope is long enough to be accessible from grade.

Connect pump to male adaptor.

Lower pump onto pump pad.

Reattach the union.

Take pump wires through the riser with conduit and seal with sealant. Ensure to leave enough wire so that the pump can be removed from the tank.

2.4 PUMP TANK


Pump Lowered onto Pump Pad c/w Nylon Rope

2.4 PUMP TANK


In some cases it is possible to combine the septic tank and pump tank into a single tank. Combining the septic tank and pump tank can lower installation costs and reduce the number of access points for servicing. Please contact manufacturer for more information on this option.

Combined Septic Tank & Pump Tank

REMEMBER ...

All pump lines must be free draining by sloping to either tanks or dispersal (with properly located drainhole if going back to a tank); if a low-spot is inevitable ensure lines are well insulated or heat traced to prevent freezing.

Do not use check valves as these tend to freeze up.

Both solvent primer and glue is used for all pressurized PVC-40 pipe connections.

All pipe connections into pump chamber must have adequate support from soil compaction.

2.5 WIRE MESH BASKETS


2.5 Wire Mesh Baskets

WIRE MESH BASKET - CONFIGURATION

Model CAPACITY (GPD)

CAPACITY (L/DAY)

FILTER MEDIUM (FT3)

DIMENSIONS (Ø X H)

440 440 1665 at least 95.4

Two (2x) baskets per concrete tank

Baskets are custom sized based on the Design Flow & the size of the concrete Biofilter tank

Baskets sizes are specified as Ø” x H”

Diameter & height dimensions vary in increments of 1.5”



Wire Mesh Baskets are custom sized depending on the Design Flow and locally available concrete tanks. Concrete tanks housing Wire Mesh Baskets must have a flat floor with no raised structural ribs so the Baskets sit flat. The tank must have a removable lid or split construction to allow placement of the Baskets inside the tank. A typical Biofilter tank has three (3) risers and lids; one (1) over each of the wire mesh baskets and one (1) over the pump. During operation the tank will only have 10-12” of standing water. The Biofilter tanks can be vented by using candy cane vents installed by the contractor or the lids over the Baskets can be equipped with passive air vents outfitted with an activated charcoal filter supplied by Waterloo Biofilter, see section 1.9 Ventilation. A duplex demand or 2-in-1 timer/demand panel is used.

Tank layout is flexible but consideration should be given to ease of dosing, dispersal and recirculation and control panel location.

Biofilter tank with risers and lids to access spray nozzles and pump. The pump riser can be equipped with

an electrical splice box available from Waterloo Biofilter.



The following steps must be taken when installing a wire mesh basket system:

1. With the lid off the concrete Biofilter tank, place the Waterloo Biofilter Baskets in the center of the tank. The baskets are installed with the filter cloth at the top. The centers of the Baskets are underneath the access openings in the concrete tank to allow servicing of the spray nozzles. The Baskets are to touch in the center of the tank.

2. Place the spray manifold on the Baskets with the nozzles centered on each Basket. Tie the manifold down to the Baskets.

3. Connect the spray manifold to the dosing line using flex hose or hard pipe. All joints on the manifold are pre-glued except for the 1” tee. Red tape serves as a reminder that this joint is not pre-glued. Ensure that all glued joints made onsite are primed and secure. During commissioning remove the nozzles and flush the line of debris before reattaching the nozzles.



4. Attach the float tree to the center riser (extend the float tree if necessary) with the clamp provided. Seal any screw holes in the riser. Ensure the float tree is accessible, stands on the tank floor, and the floats are free to move. Do not attach the float tree to the Baskets.

5. Place the lid on the tank, insulate, and cover with 6-8” of soil, ensuring surface water is graded away.

Wire Mesh Baskets pump to dispersal from the concrete Biofilter tank.

Components supplied by Waterloo Biofilter:

1. Submersible Effluent Pump 2. 2” x 1” Pump Stem 3. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow 4. Union 5. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow

6. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow (recirculation) 7. Ball Valve (to control recirculation) 8. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow 9. 90 deg PVC-40 elbow (dispersal) 10. PVC-40 tee

3/16” de-burred drain hole



i. Plumb dispersal pump as shown above. Ensure that all connections are primed and glued.

ii. Drill a Ø3/16” hole in the bottom of elbow #8 to ensure the dispersal pipe remains free-draining and will not freeze. The hole must be drilled AFTER connection has been glued.

iii. Connect ball valve to the recirculation side of the tee (the side with the lower total dynamic head).

iv. Ensure plumbing is brought up into riser so all adjustable plumbing (union & ball valve) is accessible at grade.

Biofilter tank showing 1” forcemain from pump tank connecting to the spray manifold and the 2” dispersal

forcemain split by a ball valve for recirculation

v. Lower the dispersal pump into the concrete Biofilter tank between the two baskets underneath the riser. Use a nylon rope to lower the pump into the tank. Do not lower the pump using the electrical wires.

vi. Bring electrical wires out of the tank through the riser. The wires must be in conduit. Seal all gaps.

2.6 COLD WEATHER PRECAUTIONS


2.6 Cold Weather Precautions

All system components must be well insulated and free draining. This is necessary to not only prevent freezing but also keep the sewage warm for optimal performance. The following must be considered for all installations:

1. Install control panels inside protected area like garage or insulated box.

2. Insulate the top and outer side-walls of all tanks, especially concrete, with 2” to 4” Hi-40 styrofoam panels, and cover with soil.

3. Inline filters in pump tank turned upside down or a small hole is drilled so that water drains out.

4. Insulate forcemain from pump tank to Waterloo Biofilter treatment unit.

5. If the forcemain is to go under a driveway, install a heat tracer, also install a heat tracer at sites where use is sporadic.

6. Ensure all forcemain lines are free draining to pump tank or Waterloo Biofilter treatment unit.

7. Fill double garbage bag with fiberglass bat insulation and place in top of pump tanks (ensure does not interfere with floats or plumbing).

8. Place forcemain pipe inside a 4” sewer pipe or use pipe insulation.

9. A healthy septic tank is easier to keep warm than an unhealthy one with no bacteria!!

2.7 ELECTRICAL WIRING


2.7 Electrical Wiring

ALL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS MUST BE COMPLETED BY A PROFESSIONAL LICENSED ELECTRICIAN!

General Wiring Comments

Panels should be located outside for easier servicing, either on a wall or post, at least 3’ off the ground, and sheltered from direct weather. In cold climates panels can be insulated or placed inside a garage or shed. Ensure that the audible alarm can be heard and the alarm light is visible.

Panels should be located as close to the treatment tanks as possible.

If the panel is > 40’ from the pumps or float switches the wire gauge will have to be increased.

Junction boxes must be used if wires require splicing.

Electrical cords must be long enough to allow removal of pumps and float trees.

Do not install junction boxes inside tanks.

Do not bury wire! Electrical conduit is required from the first pump tank to the panel (dosing pump and float switches) and from the Biofilter tank to the panel (dispersal pump, float switches).

Power is run directly to the panel. Do not install ground fault interrupters (GFI) on the line from the house to the control panel.

Seal conduit with approved sealants on both ends to prevent gas migration.

2.7 ELECTRIAL WIRING


Float Tree Color Coding

All float trees are shipped with the floats color coded. Color coding the floats simplifies wiring and reduces mistakes at the junction box or control panel.

The color coding is done using a Yellow, Green, Blue, and Red (YGBR) system from top to bottom. The float will be taped around the pipe the same color as its cord, which is wrapped at the top of the tree. The colors remain consistent from top to bottom as follows:

TOP FLOAT IS ALWAYS YELLOW

SECOND FLOAT IS ALWAYS GREEN

2-FloatTree

Yellow Top Float Green Second Float



Duplex Demand Control Panel

Used with Wire Mesh Basket Treatment Units (Demand Dosing)

i. Duplex panel incorporates two Simplex

Demand units in series

ii. Duplex panel requires two float trees; one in the pump chamber for dosing and one in or after the treatment unit for dispersal & recirculation.

iii. The two float trees are the same: 1. Start/Stop Float – Pump Master Plus

(grey) turns pump on/off – preset to 14” from bottom of pump chamber

2. High Water Alarm Float – Signal Master (black) activates audible & visual alarms – preset to 24” from bottom of pump chamber

iv. Dosing float tree comes pre-installed in WBS Pump Chambers

v. Dispersal float tree must be connected to riser in Wire Mesh Basket tanks.

vi. Minimum Requirements: one (1) 30-Ampere circuit OR two (2) 20-Ampere (20 A) circuits (12 AWG wire)

2.7 ELECTRIAL WIRING


Simplex Timer & Demand Control Panel

Used with Wire Mesh Basket Treatment Units (Timed Dosing)

Simplex Timer & Demand panel incorporates one Simplex Timer unit and one Simplex Demand unit in series.

Simplex Timer & Demand panel requires two float trees; one in the pump tank for dosing and one in the treatment unit enclosure for dispersal.

Float tree in the pump tank: 1. Timer Enable – Pump Master Plus

(grey) turns timer on/off – preset to 14” from bottom of pump tank

2. High Water Alarm Float – Signal Master (black) activates audible & visual alarms – clamped to 36” from bottom of pump tank

Float tree in the treatment unit enclosure: 1. Start/Stop Float – Pump Master Plus

(grey) turns pump on/off – preset to 14” from bottom of tank

2. High Water Alarm Float – Signal Master (black) activates audible & visual alarms – preset to 24” from bottom of tank

Minimum Requirements: one (1) 30-Ampere circuit OR two (2) 20-Ampere (20 A) circuits (12 AWG wire)



Setting the Timer Panels

The scale can be adjusted on the face of the dial. Using a screw driver turn the bottom left hand screw to set the desired scale.

0-12 or 0-30 are the best settings for most applications.

To adjust OFF time: turn top right screw to either min (minutes), sec (seconds), 10s (10 x seconds) or hrs (hours). Minutes are used in most systems.

To adjust ON time: turn bottom right screw to either min, sec, 10s or hrs. Minutes are usually used in most systems.

IMPORTANT!

The Red hand points to ON Time Multiplier, while the Green hand points to OFF Time Multiplier. It is the opposite of regular thinking.

If the alarm goes off usually the OFF time is set too long. Shorten the OFF time to 10 or 11 minutes.

NORMALLY DO NOT ADJUST THE ‘ON’ TIME, JUST THE ‘OFF’ TIME. The ON time controls the dosing rate of the foam and this should remain at 1 minute.

2.8 SYSTEM COMMISSIONING


2.8 System Commissioning

1. Clean out tanks before turning on pumps, removing all garbage, quick ties, filings etc.

2. Ensure all pipe/pressure joints are primed and glued.

3. Fill pump tank with clean water.

4. Check pumps for smooth operation.

5. Check alarm and pump float switches and set panel to automatic.

6. Record amp draw of each pump. Keep written record inside of control panel to compare during regular operation.

7. Remove nozzles and flush out lines.

8. Ensure that prior to start-up the pump tank is free from debris. Debris can clog the spray nozzles.

9. Test recirculation and dispersal volumes. Recirculation is controlled using a ball valve. Adjust the ball valve so that recirculation volume = dispersal volume to achieve a 50% recirculation ratio (approximately).

10. Ensure the customer signs your maintenance agreement form.

11. The system owner must be provided with the Homeowner’s Manual that is provided to the installer with their Invoice. The system owner has 90 days from the date of purchase to return the Warranty Registration Card found in the Homeowner’s Manual and receive the full benefits of our new Warranty program. If there is no homeowner at the time of installation the installer may fill out the Warranty Registration Card on the future homeowner’s behalf. Once the property is purchased the Warranty can be transferred to the owner once the proper paperwork is received.


Design, Installation &

Service Manual

Servicing







TABLE OF CONTENTS - SERVICING

DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – SERVICING

Table of Contents - Servicing

3. INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES ............................................. 2

3.1 SEPTIC TANK............................................................................................................................ 3

3.2 EFFLUENT FILTER ...................................................................................................................... 5

3.3 PUMP TANK ............................................................................................................................ 6

3.4 INLINE FILTER .......................................................................................................................... 7

3.5 WATERLOO BIOFILTER TREATMENT UNIT ...................................................................................... 8 Spray Nozzles ...................................................................................................................... 8 Biofilter Medium ................................................................................................................. 9 Other Issues ....................................................................................................................... 10

3.6 CONTROL PANEL .................................................................................................................... 11

3.7 DISPERSAL AREA .................................................................................................................... 12

3.8 SAMPLE MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT ......................................................................................... 13

3.9 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES .................................................................................................... 17

3.10 TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................................................. 22

3.11 CHECKLIST ........................................................................................................................... 27

PAGE | 2 DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – SERVICING

3. Inspection and Maintenance Procedures

DANGER! - CONFINED SPACE DO NOT attempt to enter ANY of the tanks associated with the septic system. You risk serious injury or death by doing so. Confined spaces have an atmosphere that may contain an insufficient amount of oxygen and poisonous gases that can cause illness or loss of consciousness. Contact a fully trained and qualified confined space specialist if entry is required.

DANGER! - BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Sewage may contain viral and bacterial contaminants. Wear the proper protective equipment when performing maintenance on any component of the septic system. Wash and disinfect hands after performing any maintenance on the septic system.

Waterloo Biofilter Systems has a Maintenance Checklist that covers the basic maintenance points on our systems. This checklist covers the main items to check on a maintenance visit in an easy to follow format. The checklist comes in triplicate form. When performing maintenance on a system please fill out the form completely, give one copy of the checklist to the homeowner, keep one for your own records, and please mail the third copy to Waterloo Biofilter Systems. You should make your maintenance agreement open-ended meaning with no expiry date. If a homeowner refuses to sign or renew a maintenance agreement please inform Waterloo Biofilter Systems.

Please note! As part of our warranty program homeowners must be able to show that their system is being maintained properly. Failure by the homeowner to present annual maintenance reports on request will void the homeowner’s warranty. The system installer must make sure to give a copy of the Maintenance Checklist to the homeowner for this reason.

During a servicing visit the following items should be inspected:

Septic Tank & Effluent Filter Pump Tank & Inline Filter Waterloo Biofilter Treatment Unit Control Panel, Pump(s), Float Tree(s) Dispersal Area

3.1 SEPTIC TANK


3.1 Septic Tank

A healthy septic tank has bubbling and vinegary-septic odors associated with anaerobic biological fermentation reactions.

Healthy Septic Tank

3.1 SEPTIC TANK


An unhealthy septic tank may have a sulphurous odor. Non-degraded waste paper and a putrid odor indicates that the septic tank has died which may result from excessive use of chemicals or cleaners. Excessive scum or sludge should be noted and the homeowner advised of regular septic tank pump outs.

Unhealthy Septic Tank

If the septic tank is unhealthy note it on the maintenance checklist along with any corrective actions taken. In addition, try:

Increasing the amount of recirculation of Biofilter effluent back to the septic tank Advising the homeowner not to use disinfectants, detergent with bleach, toilet pucks or

excessive fats during cooking Pumping out the septic tank. If the homeowner continually poisons their septic tank the

pump-out frequency should be increased. Septic tanks must be vented back through the ‘stink-pipe’ in the house. If the tank is not

properly vented odors could become an issue.

Over time, solids accumulate in the septic tank, decreasing retention time and causing short-circuiting, meaning the wastewater is not retained long enough to be treated. It is recommended that regularly scheduled pump-outs take place to prevent future problems. The exact frequency of the pump-outs will be dependent upon the actual water use and the amount of scum and sludge build up in the tanks. A general rule is to have the tanks pumped out when the scum layer is 8”-12” thick or the sludge layer is 12”-16” thick.

3.2 EFFLUENT FILTER


3.2 Effluent Filter

Effluent filters eventually clog with solids and need to be cleaned. Effluent filter cleaning should be part of regular system maintenance. Remove the effluent filter from the septic tank outlet, wash it with a hose over the riser so solids fall back into the tank (do not spray effluent filter off onto the lawn), and then carefully replace it. All of the solids the effluent filter holds back will escape through the septic tank outlet during servicing unless it is equipped with a floating ball stop. Upgrades to this type of effluent filter are available from Waterloo Biofilter and will help improve treatment levels and system longevity.

Clogged Effluent Filter

REMEMBER ... Some installers like to carry extra effluent filters with them. This way the installer can replace the dirty effluent filter with the new one on-site, and take the dirty one back to the shop where they can power wash it down. This makes cleaning the effluent filter much easier and minimizes the time spent on-site.

3.3 PUMP TANK


3.3 Pump Tank

Pump tanks should be inspected for leaks, debris that could clog spray nozzles, and signs of spalling or deterioration if a concrete pump tank is used. Make sure that the float switches are clear of build up and do not interfere with each other, the pump, the walls or the electrical cabling. Check that the electrical connections are secure and are not corroding. Check that the pump is operational. Note any anomalies on your maintenance checklist. Ensure that the pump and floats are operating properly and that the timer settings are correct.

Check Pump Tank for Proper Operation and Signs of Deterioration

3.4 INLINE FILTER


3.4 Inline Filter

There should be an inline filter located in the pump tank of all Waterloo Biofilter residential systems. This inline filter prevents large solids from reaching and potentially clogging or damaging the spray nozzles. This filter should be cleaned as part of routine system maintenance:

Carefully unscrew the polypropylene bowl from the inline filter using protective gloves. Bring the bowl to the surface making sure to keep it upright, ensure the internal filter

screen does not fall into the tank. There is an O-ring seal that may cause the stainless steel screen to remain attached to the upper section of the filter. Gently wiggle the screen to loosen the filter from the upper casing.

There is a bottom drain plug on both the collection bowl to allow the liquids to drain out (not in the pump tank) this can be done though in the back end of the septic tank. Dispose of the large retained solids (DO NOT dump them back into the pump chamber or they will simply be pumped into the filter again!).

Use a hose to wash the stainless steel screen and bowl out, making sure there is no debris on the threaded area. Keeping this clean will allow for easy assembly.

Reinstall the screen into the polypropylene casing and then screw the bowl back on, hand-tight (it is OK if the inline filter leaks a little while the pump is on).

Inline Filter Strainer & Bowl

3.5 WATERLOO BIOFILTER TREATMENT UNIT


3.5 Waterloo Biofilter Treatment Unit

Spray Nozzles

Spray nozzles must remain clear of debris in order to ensure even distribution and proper treatment in the Waterloo Biofilter system. During regular maintenance inspect the spray nozzle for proper spray pattern and visible clogging. If they are clogged, remove the spray nozzles from the manifold using the stainless steel spring clip. Use a bottle brush to remove any debris and clean the nozzles. It is not necessary to unscrew the nozzle from the clip and doing so may cause injury as the spray nozzle edges are very sharp.

Ensure spray nozzles are free of debris

REMEMBER ... Some installers carry extra spray nozzles with them, and replace the dirty nozzle with the new one on-site. The dirty ones can be taken back to the shop where they can be cleaned more easily. This helps to minimize time spent on-site during maintenance.



Biofilter Medium

It is important to check the Biofilter foam during regular maintenance as this will give you an indication of the health of the system.

Check for a consistent light grey, brown or black color on the upper surfaces of the foam.

An excessive accumulation of solids may indicate a poorly functioning septic tank, hydraulic overloading, or malfunctioning effluent filter.

If the septic tank is unhealthy, the upper layers of Biofilter medium may be coated with dark brown or black sludge.



Other Issues

Most problems with the septic tank and foam medium are caused by excessive use of disinfectants, medications, and bleaches. Consult the homeowner on reducing the use of offending disinfectants or detergents with bleach.

If the tank has been dead for less than 6–8 months, the septic tank and Biofilter will recover and clean themselves up automatically, usually completely within 3 months.

If the sludge has accumulated for more than a year, some of the medium may have to be removed and cleaned by squeezing, and then replaced.

Waterloo JumpStart Bacterial additive can also be used to degrade accumulated solids and FOG that are caught by the filter medium.

Suggest switching to Waterloo Biofilter approved safe-for-septic products (Call Waterloo Biofilter for safe-for-septic products.)

For very difficult sites, consider using Waterloo JumpStart Bacterial additive to the septic tank, this will improve the general health of the septic tank.

3.6 CONTROL PANEL


3.6 Control Panel

Control panels should always be in the AUTO setting for each pump.

Pumps can be tested with the HAND over-ride switch until the lower redundant off switch (if any) is reached.

Check that the timer (if applicable) is set properly.

Check for oxidation on the contacts in the panel, which would suggest migration of gases from the pump chamber. Seal the conduit again if evidence is present.

Remember to put panel back into AUTO when finished.

Record the amp draw of each pump and write it down inside the panel. Ensure that the amp draw is consistent with what was recorded during system commissioning.

REMEMBER ... Many installers leave the site with the panel in the OFF mode. Before leaving the site, remember to put the panel back into AUTO mode.

3.7 DISPERSAL AREA


3.7 Dispersal Area

Walk around the dispersal area and look for darker green grass or wet patches that can indicate surface breakout.

If there is breakout, look for:

poor treatment (often poisoning of the septic tank)

excessive water use

groundwater infiltration into the system

large pump doses (Biofilter pump float switch dosing too much at one time, or the return to the septic tank is plugged)

surface storm water or house roof runoff into the dispersal area

evidence that the homeowner has changed the grade of the dispersal area after installation, infilling the area or swales

homeowner has compacted the bed (i.e. by parking or driving vehicles over the dispersal area)

If there is an obvious grey biomat formed on the soil and excessive ponding, then look for an unhealthy septic tank and household poisoning.

If no reason is found for the ponding, then the soil or subsoil may be the problem.

3.8 SAMPLE MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT


3.8 Sample Maintenance Agreement

Waterloo Biofilter requires that the homeowner enter into a servicing agreement with the installer or other trained maintenance provider. A maintenance contract benefits both parties. The homeowner is assured that they will find problems before they are too big and the system will be installed correctly by the person who will look after it, with no corners taken. A lot of the inspection can be done in the slow winter months when revenue is slow. All our panels have a visible and audible alarm but it is preferable that the installer prevents any alarm situation.

A Homeowner’s Manual is provided with each system. It is important that the installer reviews the manual with the homeowner, pointing out such features as what to do if an alarm occurs, and proper septic tank care. Included with the manual is a Warranty Registration Card. The installer should encourage the homeowner to fill this out and return it as soon as possible. The warranty cards help both the installer and Waterloo Biofilter maintain accurate records. Homeowner Manuals are mailed with each Waterloo Biofilter System Invoice. Sales and Invoice #’s are used to track each system.

The following page shows an example of a simple servicing agreement, maintenance checklist and troubleshooting solutions chart that you might use. For maintenance contracts, try to agree on an open ended maintenance agreement. It is recommended that installers maintain their own systems.



Installer Inc. Letterhead

Waterloo Biofilter® Septic System Service Contract

This contract entitles: Homeowner Name: BIOFILTER Site Address: City, State, Zip Code: Telephone, Fax Number: to the following service for __________ years from the date of installation of the Waterloo Biofilter® Septic System. Upon receipt of this signed agreement and payment of $_________ , Installer Inc. agrees to service and inspect the Waterloo Biofilter® Septic System and related components at the above address twice in the first year of operation and once a year thereafter. This contract does not include septic tank pumping costs, nor other items not specifically mentioned in Sections 1–7 below. System Service 1. Field examination of all septic system components, provided there is access at time of

inspection, and recommendations for any repairs and/or changes required. 2. Adjustment of pump switches and control panel settings as needed. 3. Cleaning of Biofilter nozzles, effluent filter and inline filter. 4. Evaluation of health of septic tank and recommendation if septic tank needs pumping. 5. Consultation with homeowner regarding chemical use, cleaning and disposal habits, water

use etc. if septic tank is unhealthy. 6. Inspection of dispersal area to ensure it is dry and has a healthy grass cover. 7. Provide inspection report to the homeowner including summary of service and repairs done

and any recommendations.


Page | 15 DESIGN, INSTALLATION & SERVICE MANUAL – SERVICING

Installer Inc. further agrees to the following: • Guaranteed renewal of this service contract if agreeable to both parties • If improper operation cannot be corrected at the time of service, homeowner will be

notified immediately and given estimated date of correction • If necessary any mechanical unit or any parts will be replaced according to the

manufacturer’s warranty program • Freight charges to the supply source, or to any authorized repair station, are not covered

under this agreement • The homeowner agrees to provide access for service personnel to the system and control

panel The homeowner agrees to give Installer Inc. the legal right of access to the premises for the purpose of servicing the Waterloo Biofilter® Septic System. This agreement will be in force for as long as it remains under service contract with Installer Inc. Access will be defined as any time service is needed or requested or whenever our service personnel schedule periodic inspections as per contract requirement. This agreement does not include access to the home interior unless the control panel is located therein. Homeowner warrants that they have read and understood the following best management practices.

Not Allowed (Can Kill Bacteria in Septic Tank and Stop Treatment): • Large amounts of harsh chemicals, paints, disinfectants or other anti-septic or anti-bacterial

products such as medicines. • Detergent with bleach contained in it (use liquid bleach separately in moderate amounts). • Palm oil, large amounts of olive oil, excessive hair gels, conditioners, etc. • Garden pesticides, herbicides, paints (oil or latex), paint cleaners. • Absolutely no bleach pucks in toilets. • Water softener discharge to the system



Avoid: • High sudsing detergents. • Garbage disposal units—compost or landfill is recommended. • Inorganic materials such as plastics, cigarette butts, disposable diapers, wipes, condoms,

sanitary napkins, down the drains. • Excessive food scraps in sink, oils and grease • Bleach, anti-dandruff shampoos, disinfectant/anti-bacterial soaps. Do Not: • Re-grade the dispersal area after installation. • Direct surface water or house water run-off to the dispersal area. • Compact the dispersal area by driving or parking vehicles over the region. Good Habits: • Conserve water if dispersal is a problem, repair leaky toilets and faucets as soon as possible. • Divert food, facial napkins, disinfectant and/or baby wipes, coffee grounds, bones, and

other material to garbage or compost. • Spread laundry over several days whenever possible. • Do not use disinfectant soaps no matter how 'natural’ they are. Owner’s signature: _______________________________________ Date signed: _______________________________________ Accepted by Installer Inc. ___________________________________

3.9 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES


3.9 Maintenance Procedures

A. Dispersal Area

1. Walk around the dispersal area and look for darker green grass or wet patches that can indicate surface breakout of effluent. If ponding or breakout is evident:

a. Check whether there is an uneven distribution box, uneven or sloped distribution.

b. See if the ponding effluent is clean or septic.

c. Use Troubleshooting Solution A.1. if clean or A.2. if septic.

2. Check the dispersal area to ensure it is free draining. Open any inspection ports and look for ponding water. If ponding is evident:

a. Check whether there is an uneven distribution box, uneven or sloped regions.

b. See if the ponding effluent is clean or septic.

c. Use Troubleshooting Solution A.1. if clean or A.2. if septic.

3. Check that there is adequate protection against surface water infiltration into the dispersal area. Has the property been re-graded or modified since the last inspection? If re-grading changed the surface water characteristics of the property, swales should be added to redirect surface water. [Troubleshooting Solution A.1.]

4. Check that the dispersal area is grassed and no large trees are going to interfere with distribution. [Troubleshooting Solution A.3.]

B. Waterloo Biofilter Treatment Unit

1. Open the lid to the Biofilter unit and make sure access is secure and safe.

2. Ensure the air vents allow sufficient fresh air into the Biofilter for proper treatment. [Troubleshooting Solutions B.1.]

3. Look at the foam cubes to see the discoloration:

a. Domestic strength sewage: consistent grey or brown color throughout – operation is normal

b. System may be unhealthy if there is a large amount of buildup on the cubes [Troubleshooting Solution B.2.]; check for excess sludge buildup on the medium and in the medium by removing some cubes & squeezing.



4. The discoloration should be similar over the entire surface of the medium. If not, the spray nozzles are not giving a uniform distribution pattern. Adjust the spray manifold so that the nozzles are centered over the foam media and turn on the dosing pump. If the distribution doesn’t cover the entire foam area, the nozzles are plugged or the wrong nozzles may have been installed. [Troubleshooting Solution B.3.]

5. Check the slime build-up on the foam cubes:

a. Normal amount of grey slime – normal operation.

b. Thick grey slime – wastewater may be stronger than normal; check homeowner food habits and septic tank health. [Troubleshooting Solution B.2.]

c. Thick brown slime – septic tank may be unhealthy. [Troubleshooting Solution B.2.]

Any time you cannot see the pores of the foam because of a build-up of slime, there is probably a problem. [Troubleshooting Solution B.2.] You will also be able to tell there is a problem if the Biofilter smells putrid and rotting. A good smell would be a bit musty, like an old damp basement.

6. Carefully take a sample of the treated effluent ensuring that no sloughed biomass is included in the sample jar. Visually inspect the sample:

a. Clear, colorless, boggy odor – normal operation.

b. Clear, yellowish, slight ammonia smell – normal operation.

c. Clear, yellow, strong ammonia smell – normal operation but nitrification has not started yet.

d. Clear with white specks or grey flakes, odorless or slight ammonia – normal but too aerobic: decrease air fan speed (commercial systems only).

e. Clear with large grey flakes, odorless or slight ammonia – contamination from biomat from side of tank or submerged medium: take another sample and repeat.

f. Cloudy grey, odorless or slight ammonia – may be clay / silt contamination into the Biofilter unit due to surface water runoff. [Troubleshooting Solution A.1.]

g. Cloudy grey or black, septic odor – nozzles may not be evenly distributing the sewage over the medium [Troubleshooting Solution B.4.] or the septic tank may be dead. [Troubleshooting Solution B.2.]

7. Inspect the spray nozzles to ensure they are not damaged or clogged. If the spray pattern is sluggish or non-uniform, they should be cleaned. Remove the nozzle by the



clip, remove any debris, flush the line for 10 seconds, and replace. If a nozzle is broken, contact Waterloo Biofilter Systems for a replacement. [Troubleshooting Solution F.2.]

For pumped dispersal models:

8. Check that the float tree is vertical and the floats are able to move freely. Rotate and clamp appropriately if required. If any cords have fallen tie them up at the top of the tank.

9. The float tether length should be 2-2 ½". Remove float tree and readjust tether length if necessary.

10. Test the high water alarm by raising the alarm float switch. Check that both an alarm light and audible alarm is triggered. [Troubleshooting Solution E.1.]

11. Switch pump to HAND. Ensure the pump operates properly and does not move around when it starts. If pump is erratic or not working, see [Troubleshooting Solution C.3.]. Return pump switch to AUTO when finished.

12. Test the pump control float by checking that the pump turns on when the float is raised and off when the float is lowered. [Troubleshooting Solution C.4.]

If applicable:

13. Check that the optional redundant off float turns off the pump when lowered. [Troubleshooting Solution C.4.]

14. Check that the optional timer override float turns the pump on when raised. [Troubleshooting Solution C.4.]



C. Pump Tank

1. Open the lid to the pump tank and make sure access is secure and safe.

2. Make sure there is no infiltration of groundwater between any seams in the tank wall.

3. Check that the float tree is vertical and the floats are able to move freely. Rotate and clamp appropriately if required. If any cords have fallen tie them up at the top of the tank.

4. The float tether length should be 1 ½". Remove float tree and re-adjust tether length if necessary.

5. Test the high water alarm by raising the alarm float switch. Check that both an alarm light and audible alarm is triggered. [Troubleshooting Solution E.1.]

6. Switch pump to HAND. Ensure the pump operates properly and does not move around when it starts. If pump is erratic or not working, see [Troubleshooting Solution C.3.] Return pump switch to AUTO when finished.

7. Test the pump control float by checking that the pump turns on when the float is raised and off when the float is lowered. [Troubleshooting Solution C.4.]

If applicable:

8. Check that the optional redundant off float turns off the pump when lowered. [Troubleshooting Solution C.4.]

9. Check that the optional timer override float turns the pump on when raised. [Troubleshooting Solution C.4.]

10. Remove and clean the inline filter strainer & bowl taking care not to let the gasket seal fall into the tank.

D. Septic Tank

1. Open the lid to the second chamber of the septic tank and make sure access is secure and safe.

2. Odor should be a normal septic smell. If it smells putrid and rotten, the tank is dead. [Troubleshooting Solution D.1.]

3. Fermentation bubbles should be visible on the liquid surface. If there are no bubbles and/or there is accumulated floating paper, the tank is not healthy or dead. [Troubleshooting Solution D.1.]



4. Ask the homeowner about their use of detergent with bleach, bleach pucks, disinfectants, antibiotics, dandruff shampoo, etc. that can kill a septic tank. If the septic tank is dead, pump the tank and advise homeowner to discontinue the use of these septic tank killing materials.

5. Check if the effluent filter has become unseated. If it has, remove and check for excess slime build-up. Ask the homeowner if they have removed it at any time. [Troubleshooting Solution D.2.]

6. Remove the effluent filter; it should be discolored grey to dark grey with some biomat growth. If it needs to be cleaned, dip it into the septic tank or use a hose to wash it off (wash back into the septic tank). If there is excessive solids or grease build-up, talk to homeowner about kitchen habits. [Troubleshooting Solution D.3.] If the filter is broken or needs replacement, contact Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc. [Troubleshooting Solution F.2.]

7. Replace effluent filter carefully, ensuring it is seated properly.

E. Control Panel

1. Make sure that the panel is in AUTO mode for each pump.

2. Ensure that the Alarm Test/Normal/Silence switch is in the ‘normal’ position.

If applicable

3. Check that the timer is settings are correct

4. Check that the fan speed (if present) is set to medium-low.

Fill out the Maintenance Checklist and submit a copy to the homeowner, Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc., and the Building Official (if required) after every inspection. Keep a copy for your own records.

3.10 TROUBLESHOOTING


3.10 Troubleshooting

Part A: Dispersal Area

Cause Solution

A.1. Clean water is visible on ground surface or is ponding in the dispersal area

Dispersal pump ON time is too long 1. Check timer ON time of pump in control panel; ensure that dosing is kept at 6–9 L/m3 of foam per dose

Distribution box is not level 1. Excavate around the distribution box and make it level

Property has been re-graded or there is no management of groundwater

1. Add swales to redirect surface water around the dispersal area

2. Make sure eaves troughs and neighboring water sources are directed away from dispersal area

There is too much water going through the system from a leaky faucet or toilet

1. Get homeowner to fix leaky fixture

There is too much water going through the system due to sump pump, eaves troughs or water softener connected to septic tank

1. Disconnect from septic system and find another means of dispersal

There is too much water going through the system due to excessive water use

1. Educate homeowner on proper water use with a septic system (i.e. space out showers, laundry, dishwasher, etc.)

2. Give homeowner a Waterloo Biofilter manual with proper usage tips

A.2. Septic water is visible on ground surface or is ponding in the dispersal area

Check Waterloo Biofilter unit and septic tank for healthy activity

1. Go over all troubleshooting solutions in parts B and D

A.3. Dispersal area is not grassed or deep rooting trees planted

Dispersal area is not grassed 1. Tell homeowner to seed the area for optimal dispersal

Deep rooting trees planted too close to distribution pipes

1. Have homeowner relocate deep-rooting trees so distribution pipes will not be disturbed



Part B: Waterloo Biofilter Treatment Unit

Cause Solution

B.1. Insufficient air flow into the Biofilter unit

Sealed lid was installed 1. Install vented charcoal filter lid

Side vents covered by backfill 1. Remove soil in vent locations

B.2. Foam color is black or excess sludge build-up on top cubes

Septic tank is unhealthy or dead 1. Go over all troubleshooting solutions in part D

B.3. Spray distribution does not cover entire foam surface area

Spray nozzle(s) plugged with greyish-black slime

1. Remove the nozzles and clean them

2. Check that the septic tank is healthy

3. Ensure that baffle is secure and effluent filter is seated

Spray nozzle(s) plugged with debris 1. Remove the nozzles and clean them; if spray still doesn’t cover medium, contact manufacturer – see troubleshooting solution F.1.

Manufacturer supplied wrong nozzles 1. Contact manufacturer and get larger spray angle nozzles – see troubleshooting solution F.1.

B.4. Spray distribution overshooting medium

Spray manifold suspended too high 1. Lower manifold to within 6” of the top of the medium

Manufacturer supplied wrong nozzles 1. Contact manufacturer and get smaller spray angle nozzles – see troubleshooting solution F.1.

B.5. Strong odor emanating from Biofilter

High sulphur content in sewage 1. Check for spalling of the concrete pump tank (if applicable)

Septic tank is unhealthy or dead 1. Go over all troubleshooting solutions in part D

Nozzles are spraying on Biofilter tank walls 1. Contact manufacturer and get smaller spray angle nozzles – see troubleshooting solution F.1.



B.6. Treated water is cloudy, white and/or has a slight sewage odor

Water softener system is hooked into septic system 1. Remove backwash waters from septic tank

Chlorine, fluorine or peroxide disinfection unit is attached to water supply

1. Increase recirculation of Biofilter effluent to septic tank (if applicable)

2. Check that the septic tank is healthy

B.7. Excessive biomat growth on water surface or Biofilter

Incoming septic tank effluent is unhealthy 1. Check that the septic tank is healthy

Part C: Pump Tank

Cause Solution

C.1. Float tree is not secure

Attachment means came loose 1. Reattach float tree to riser

C.2. Float tethers too long

Float attachment means came loose 1. Reattach float with a 1.5-2” tether length

C.3. Pump is not working properly

Pump operation is intermittent 1. Check if float switches and timer are working properly

2. Check power connections

Pump does not turn on at all

1. Check if float switches and timer are working properly

2. Check power connections

3. If replacement pump required, contact manufacturer [troubleshooting solution F.2.]

C.4. Float switch is not working properly

Float switch is not connected properly 1. Check float switch connections

Float switch is not operational 1. Contact manufacturer for replacement float [troubleshooting solution F.2.]



Part D: Septic Tank

Cause Solution

D.1. Septic tank is dead

Homeowner is using detergent with bleach, bleach pucks, large quantities of disinfectant soaps and bleaches, or other additives that kill bacteria

1. Remove bleach pucks

2. Educate homeowner on proper use of bleaches and disinfectants

3. Change to regular bleach with separate bleach only addition

4. Give homeowner a Waterloo Biofilter manual with proper usage tips

Homeowner is on chemotherapy or other medical drugs

1. Increase recirculation (if applicable)

2. Add Waterloo Jump Start to septic tank

D.2. Effluent filter is unseated

Excess slime build-up and water level moved filter 1. Clean filter by dipping into septic tank or washing with a hose back into septic tank

D.3. Excessive solids accumulation and/or grease clogging effluent filter

Homeowner using a lot of oils/grease in cooking or flushing grease down drain

1. Educate homeowner on proper food use with a septic system (i.e. no grease down drain, use compost for food solids, etc.)

Part E: Alarms

Cause Solution

E.1. Alarm does not go off

The alarm float switch is not functioning (alarm can be triggered manually at the control panel but is not triggered by the float switch)

1. Check float switch connections to control panel

2. If replacement float required, contact manufacturer [troubleshooting solution F.2.]

The control panel is not functioning (alarm cannot be triggered)

1. Check electrical connections (fuses)

2. If replacement parts required, contact manufacturer [troubleshooting solution F.2.]



Part F: Contacting the Manufacturer

Cause Solution

F.1. Problem with a medium

Manufacturing defect

1. Contact Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc. at 519-856-0757; [email protected];


F.2. Part failure; replacement part required

Part is still under warranty 1. Contact WBS and inform them of the failure and that the part is still under warranty

Outside warranty 1. Send Purchase Order to buy new part and charge homeowner

3.11 CHECKLIST


3.11 Checklist

design, installa on, and service manual...1.1 how the waterloo biofilter works agep | 1 design,...

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