Defining international Defining international terrorismterrorism

Zubkova OlgaZubkova Olga

Saratov State UniversitySaratov State University

Sociological Department, 4 year studentSociological Department, 4 year student

The importance of definingThe importance of defining

Scientific and political definitionsScientific and political definitions

Terrorism or national liberationTerrorism or national liberation

What is an international terrorism?What is an international terrorism?

History of arisingHistory of arising

The importance of definingThe importance of defining

The definition shows, what we The definition shows, what we understand under terrorismunderstand under terrorism

The definition combines in a very The definition combines in a very short form author's main ideas short form author's main ideas about the object, terrorism in our about the object, terrorism in our casecase

Scientific and political definitionsScientific and political definitions

Scientific definitionScientific definition- causes the causes the

manner of manner of researchresearch

- is connected with is connected with a special a special scientific fieldscientific field

Political definitionPolitical definition- shapes the policy shapes the policy

of a countryof a country- shows specific shows specific

opinion on what opinion on what action is action is considered to be considered to be act of terrorismact of terrorism

Situation in RussiaSituation in Russia

Federal law “About struggle against Federal law “About struggle against the terrorism” includes both general the terrorism” includes both general definition and the list of crimes.definition and the list of crimes.

the definition of terrorism will be useful for the definition of terrorism will be useful for our native counter-terrorist policyour native counter-terrorist policy

Elements of terrorism definitionsElements of terrorism definitions

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violence threats discrepancy strategy

Elements of terrorism profilesElements of terrorism profiles

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violence fear psych.Effects

planned

Comparison of elementsComparison of elements

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violence threats planned

subjectiveobjective

"Is One Man's Terrorist Another "Is One Man's Terrorist Another Man's Freedom Fighter?”Man's Freedom Fighter?”

two ways to understand what terrorism istwo ways to understand what terrorism is

Violent activities Violent activities against nonmilitary against nonmilitary people and objectspeople and objects

Its aims – to intimidate Its aims – to intimidate an opponentan opponent

It is a method of It is a method of struggle for proper struggle for proper interests, violence with interests, violence with noble aimsnoble aims

Lots of terrorist organizations have such Lots of terrorist organizations have such “liberation” aims“liberation” aims

An independent state for minorityAn independent state for minorityThe Basque Fatherland and Liberty group, IRA, The Basque Fatherland and Liberty group, IRA,

Kurdistan Worker's PartyKurdistan Worker's Party

An independent Islamic state Abu Sayyaf Group, Moro Islamic Liberation Front

An independent state of working class Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front

Other “noble” aim is struggle Other “noble” aim is struggle against crime and drugsagainst crime and drugs

““The main objectives of Armata Corsa The main objectives of Armata Corsa actually are: the eradication of actually are: the eradication of organized crime in Corsicaorganized crime in Corsica” ”

from the profile of Armata Corsa, Corsican terrorist from the profile of Armata Corsa, Corsican terrorist organization, founded in 1999organization, founded in 1999

““NPA has engaged in urban terrorism NPA has engaged in urban terrorism against the police, corrupt politicians, against the police, corrupt politicians, and drug traffickersand drug traffickers““

From the profile of New People's Army, terrorist organization From the profile of New People's Army, terrorist organization in Philippines, formed in December 1969in Philippines, formed in December 1969

What terrorism is international?What terrorism is international? aims that related to more than one country;aims that related to more than one country;

the crime begins in one country and finishes in the crime begins in one country and finishes in another one;another one;

means (armor, technique, financial resources means (armor, technique, financial resources and so on) of terrorists belong to other country;and so on) of terrorists belong to other country;

victims of the terrorist actions are foreigners or victims of the terrorist actions are foreigners or members of international organizations;members of international organizations;

the damage is caused to more then one country.the damage is caused to more then one country.

The history of international terrorism in The history of international terrorism in the second half of the twentieth centurythe second half of the twentieth century

The second half of the The second half of the twentieth century twentieth century was marked by the was marked by the development of the development of the number of number of international terrorist international terrorist organizations. This organizations. This development could be development could be divided into several divided into several periods.periods.

The first period (50-60 years)The first period (50-60 years)Most international terrorist organizations, that were Most international terrorist organizations, that were

developed in this period are left-radical or Marxistdeveloped in this period are left-radical or Marxist

The second period (70-80 years)The second period (70-80 years)Most of arising organizations were Islamic (more than a half)Most of arising organizations were Islamic (more than a half)

The third period (90The third period (90thth years) years) At that time the number of arising nationalistic At that time the number of arising nationalistic

organizations is more then ever.organizations is more then ever.

It is very difficult to find universal definition of international terrorism because there are different cultural, religious and historical backgrounds affecting it.

There are different definitions, made by politicians, researchers, journalists, terrorist leaders and so on.

But all of them are just attempts to describe this phenomena. Objectively people don’t need all of them, they really need only one definition to be accepted by everyone and everywhere

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!