BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTDEFENCE SECTOR

AMIT SINGH RAHUL NAIR

AUSTIN TRINDADE

RAJESH SHETTY

SAVIO FERNANDES

VIKRANTH MURKAR

FRANCIS KORIISMILE SHAIKH

ALISTAR GOMES

TEAM MEMBERSSAVIO FERNANDES 12

ALISTAR GOMES 15

FRANCIS KORI 25

VIKRANTH MURKAR 31

RAHUL NAIR 32

ISMILE SHAIKH 43

RAJESH SHETTY 47

AMIT SINGH 49

AUSTIN TRINDADE 55

NTRODUCTI

ON

4

INDIAN

DEFENCE

INDIAN

ARMY

INDIAN

NAVY

INDIAN

AIRFORCE

INDIAN DEFENCE HISTORY

HISTORY

ARMY

The earliest known reference to armies in what today is India are millennia ago in the Vedas and

the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.

The British colonized India during the 19th century.

The Army of India was raised under the British Raj in the 19th century by taking the erstwhile

presidency armies, merging them, and bringing them under the Crown.

The British Indian Army fought in both World Wars.

The armed forces succeeded the military of British India following India's independence in 1947.

After World War II, many of the wartime troops were discharged and units disbanded. The reduced

armed forces were partitioned between India and Pakistan.

BIRTH OF AN INDIAN ARMY

NAVY

India has a maritime history dating back 5,600 years.

Sea lanes between India and neighbouring lands were the usual form of trade for many centuries

During World War I, the force then known as the Royal Indian Marine undertook minesweeping, as

well as supply and support operations for the Allies.

The onset of World War II led to an expansion in numbers of vessels and personnel. The navy was

actively involved in operations during the war around the world.

At the end of the war, the navy underwent rapid, large-scale demobilization of vessels and

personnel. In 1946, Indian sailors started the Royal Indian Navy

A total of 78 ships, 20 shore establishments and 20,000 sailors were involved in the rebellion, which

spread all over India.

After the independence of India on 15 August 1947 and the ensuing partition, remaining personnel

were divided between the newly independent Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan.

When India became a republic on 26 January 1950, the Royal prefix was dropped and the name

Indian Navy was officially adopted. The prefix on her ships was changed to Indian Naval Ship (INS).

BIRTH OF AN INDIAN NAVY

AIRFORCE

BIRTH OF AN AIR FORCE The Indian Air Force's History precedes World War Two by eight years.

The IAF was established by on 8 Oct 1932 when its formation was announced in the Gazette

of India.

THE ROYAL INDIAN AIR FORCE IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR During World War II, the IAF played an instrumental role in blocking the advance of

the Japanese army in Burma, where its first air strike was on the Japanese military base in Arakan.

It also carried out strike missions against the Japanese airbases The IAF was mainly involved

in Strike, Close Air Support, Aerial reconnaissance, Bomber Escort and Pathfinding missions

During the war, the IAF went through a phase of steady expansion.

In recognition of the services rendered by the IAF, King George VI conferred the prefix "Royal"

in 1945. Thereafter the IAF was referred to as Royal Indian Air Force.

In 1950, when India became a republic, the prefix was dropped and it reverted to Indian Air

Force.

THE 1947 - 48 JAMMU & KASHMIR OPERATIONS

ARMY

AIRFORCE

Invasion of Kashmir by Pakistan Army.

Fought immediately after independence after Maharaja Hari Singh

acceded with India.

Indian troops airlifted to Srinagar on 15 Oct 47.

Intense war waged across the state and former comrades found

themselves fighting each other.

War ended with UN sponsored Ceasefire in 1948.

This was the most instrumental action of the war as the troops

saved the city from the invaders.

Apart from the airlifting operations and supplying essential

commodities to the ground troops, the Indian Air Force had no other

major role to play in the conflict.

A Line of Control has since separated Indian-held Kashmir from

Pakistani-held Kashmir.

LIBERATION OF HYDERABAD (1948)

ARMY After partition of India, Nizam, of Hyderabad refused to accede his

state to the Union of India.

Indian Troops ordered to secure the State on 12 September 1948 by

then deputy-Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel .

Hyderabad secured after 5 days of fighting by Indian Army troops.

Five infantry battalions and one armoured squadron of the Indian

Army were engaged in the operation.

AIRFORCE Backed by squadron of Hawker Tempest aircraft of the Indian Air

Force.

State of Hyderabad proclaimed as a part of the Union of India on 17Sep 48.

LIBERATION OF GOA (1961)

Portugal refused to relinquish control of its Indian colonies

of Goa, Daman and Diu after Independence.

Indian Army launched on 12 December 1961 to evict the Portuguese

rulers out of the enclaves of Goa, Diu and Daman

Portuguese General Manuel António Vassalo e Silva surrendered to the

Indian Army & Goa, Daman and Diu joined the Indian Union Terriorities

ARMY

Even the navy played a strategic importance to the operation.

The first engagement in action of the Indian Navy was against

the Portuguese Navy during the liberation of Goa.

The "war" was over in three days- resulting in the liberation of the

Portuguese enclaves. It also bought in a diplomatic freeze between the two

nations which thawed only in 1974.

AIRFORCE

NAVY

Air strikes were carried out during this operation to provide

immediate air support to the armed forces

SINO-INDIAN 1962 WAR

13

War started with small-scale clashes between the Indian and

Chinese patrols all along disputed McMahon Line

China launched major attack in Arunachal Pradesh on 12 October

1962.

War caused by dispute over Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh both

claimed China & India.

Although Indian Army fought valiantly it suffered some reverses

because of lack of adequate weapons, ammunition and equipment.

ARMY

Indian military and civilian leadership failed to organise and co-ordinate

the air assaults efficiently and eventually the Indian Air Force was never

used during the conflict apart from occasional supply missions.

AIRFORCE

War ended with China making a unilateral withdrawal of its troops in

November 1962

The 1962 Sino-Indian War was largely fought over the Himalayas and

the Navy had only a defensive role in the war.NAVY

INDO PAK 1965 WAR

14

Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir.

Initiated by Pakistani President Ayub Khan by launching Operation

Gibraltar in August 1965 by large scale infiltration into India

In retaliation, the India's Army launched a major offensive

throughout its border with Pakistan, with Lahore as its prime target.

Major battles with Pakistan fought in Kashmir, Punjab and

Rajasthan.

War ended with Cease Fire Agreement at Tashkent.

ARMY

Learning from the experiences of the Sino-Indian war, India

decided to use its air force extensively during the war.

This was the first time the IAF actively engaged an enemy air

force. However, instead of providing close air support to the Indian

Army, the IAF carried out independent raid missions against Pakistani

Air Force (PAF) bases.

During the course of the conflict, the PAF enjoyed qualitative

superiority over the IAF because most of the jets in IAF's fleet were of

World War II-vintage.

Despite this, the IAF was able to prevent the PAF from gaining air

superiority over conflict zones.

AIRFORCE

Indian Naval activity in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 largely

involved coastal patrols.

During the war, the Pakistani Navy attacked the Indian coastal city of

Dwarka, although there were no military resources in the area.

While this attack was insignificant, India deployed naval resources to

patrol the coast and deter further bombardment.

Following these wars in the 1960s, India resolved to strengthen the

profile and capabilities of its Armed Forces.

NAVY

INDO PAK 1965 WAR contd...

THE BANGLADESH WAR 1971

16

War caused by independence movement in East Pakistan, brutalsuppression by Pakistan Army resulting in massive influx of refugees intoIndian states of WB/ Assam in 1971.

In early 1971, India declared its full-support for the Bengali rebels,known as Mukti Bahini.

War started on 03 Dec 71 with pre-emptive bombing by Pak AF.

India launched major offensive in the East with three Corps in EastPakistan while remaining on Strategic Defensive in the West.

ARMY

After the 1965 War, the IAF went through an intense phase ofmodernization and consolidation. & was able to measure up to the mostpowerful air forces in the world.

The professional standards, capability and flexibility were soon put tothe test in December 1971 when India and Pakistan went to war over(then) East Pakistan.

The PAF targets were against Indian But the plan failed miserably asIndians had anticipated such a move and no major losses were suffered.

PAF had qualitative advantage; its Mirage III fighter/bombers could flyat night, where no IAF fighter had that capability—the only aircraft in IAFwith this capability was (Canberra bomber) by the day fearing loss ofplanes. Towards the end of the war, IAF's transport planes dropped leafletsover Dhaka urging the Pak forces to surrender. As the leaflets floated down,the morale of the Pakistani troops sunk.

AIRFORCE

NAVY

THE BANGLADESH WAR 1971 contd….

War ended with Surrender of Pakistan Army and birth of Bangladesh on 16 Dec 1971 and capture

of 90,000 prisoners.

The dramatic change in the Indian Navy's capabilities and

stance was emphatically demonstrated during the Indo-Pakistani

War of 1971.

Pakistan's lone long-range submarine PNS Ghazi was sunk

following an attack by the destroyer INS Rajput (1942) off the coast

of Visakhapatnam around midnight of 3–4 December 1971.

On 4 December, the Indian Navy successfully

executed Operation Trident, a devastating attack on the Pakistan

Naval Headquarters of Karachi that sank a minesweeper, a

destroyer and an ammunition supply ship. The attack also

irreparably damaged another destroyer and oil storage tanks at the

Karachi port. This was followed by Operation Python on 8

December 1971, further deprecating the Pakistan Navy's

capabilities.

In the end, the Indian naval blockade of Pakistan choked off the

supply of reinforcements to the Pakistani forces, which proved to

be decisive in the overwhelming defeat of Pakistan

KARGIL WAR 1999

18

Conflict started in mid-1999 by Pakistani paramilitary forces and

Kashmiri insurgents who captured deserted, but strategic, Himalayan

heights in the Kargil district of India.

Indian Army launched attacks to re-capture thee posts fighting

some major battles in Kargil, Batalik and Dras.

Intensive battle strategies were prepared.

ARMY

AIRFORCE The Indian Air Force is said to have proved the decisive force in

accelerating the end of the conflict.

It successfully provided considerable air-cover for Indian troops

fighting against Pakistani soldiers and also carried out air assaults

against enemy forces in Kashmir.

Most notable were the IAF's Mirage 2000 aircraft & IAF MiG-

21s were used extensively in the Kargil war.

On 11 May 1999, the Indian Air Force was called in to provide

close air support to the Indian Army Kargil conflict with the use of

helicopters.

The IAF strike was code named Operation Safed Sagar.

AIRFORCE On 30 May, the Indian Air Force called into operation the Mirage

2000 which was deemed the best aircraft capable of optimum

performance under the conditions of high-altitude seen in the zone of

conflict.

Mirage 2000s not only had better defence equipment compared to

the MiGs, but also gave IAF the ability to carry out aerial raids at night.

The MiG-29s were used extensively to provide fighter escort to the

Mirage 2000.

During the 1999 Kargil War, the Western and Eastern fleets were

deployed in the Northern Arabian Sea, as a part of Operation Talwar.

They safeguarded India's maritime assets from a potential

Pakistani naval attack, as also deterred Pakistan from attempting to

block India's sea-trade routes.

NAVY

By 26 July, the Indian forces had successfully liberated Kargil from Pakistani forces.

KARGIL WAR 1999 contd…….

PLAYING MAJOR ROLE IN INDIAN DEFENCE

• Focused on offering cost effective total solutions in the field of manufacturing engineering

• Wide array of activities gives it a unique position in aerospace & defence space

• It has catered for major defence sector companies like the rifle factory in Shapur, heavy vehicles factory in Avadi, the gun & shell factory ion Cossipur & vehicle factory in Jabalpur

• TAL also manufactures high end security equipments as Armoured steel MPV & other vehicles

• TAL has worked extensively with HAL & other global companies for developing supplying & assembly jigs for light utility helicopters & indigenously built fighter aircrafts

TAL Manufacturing Systems

• TASL is a owned subsidiary of Tata sons & strategic aerospace & defence arm of the Tata group.

• TASL group is fast & emerging player in India with established capabilities.

• Company has demonstrated –

– Missile & radar systems & sub systems,

– aerospace & aero structures,

– command & control systems,

– unmanned aerial systems.

• Systems Development in various field operations is a key focus area of TASL group.

TATA Advanced Systems

• TCS is credited with successfully implementing a number of projects for the armed forces, DRDO & public sector.

• TCS focus in defence is with strategic objective of partnership with Indian defence organizations & helping them conceptualize , design , build & operate world class it systems & engineering solutions.

TATA Consultancy Services

• Tata ELXSI is a design company that blends technology, creativity and engineering to help customers transform ideas into world-class products and solutions. Tata ELXSI is a listed Company headquartered in Bangalore.

• Aerospace Solutions: Provides product Design and engineering services for both aerospace OEM’s and Tier1/ Tier 2 suppliers of commercial and defence Aerospace segments.

• Wireless Communication Solutions for Defence: They have concentrated on adapting civil WiMAXfor defence Applications. Tata ELXSI offers Software Defined Radio (SDR) solutions with WiMAXwaveforms ideal for military, emergency and public safety Applications.

• Security & Surveillance: Turnkey product design and system integration solutions in video Surveillance and security Space.

TATA ELXSI

• TISL is also leading the Tata group’s initiatives in offset support for Indian defence programmes. With its 100+ manufacturing associates across India & its co-operation with global experts in technology.

TATA Industrial Services

TATA Power SED• For close to four decades, Tata Power, through its Strategic Engineering Division (SED), has been a

leading private-sector player in the indigenous design, development, production, integration, supplyand life-cycle support of mission critical Defence Systems of Strategic importance.

• It has its Design Centre in Mumbai and Production facility in Bangalore and is globally recognized forharnessing its system and Engineering Capabilities.

• Today Tata Power SED provides comprehensive solutions by Embedding Intelligence in sensors andWeapon Systems and has its core strength in

• Engineering and Packaging of large structural payloads for launch platforms and compact electronicunits for Airborne applications.

• Robust and real time Software for Embedded Applications.

• Rapid Prototyping and Simulation

• Development of advanced algorithms for Platform Servo Control, data processing.

• Thermal Sights and image Intensifier based.

• Associated with defence for 60yrs & has supplied 1 lac vehicles to Indian military & parliamentaryforces so far.

• It manufactures a wide range of defence vehicles'

• Its is strategically making a move from a logistic support provider to being a combat vehicle player.

• Company has ability to mobilize manufacturing capacity with dedicated exclusive infrastructure &trained manpower to ensure faster delivery of defence vehicles.

• Tata Motors largest automobile company

– Worlds 5th largest truck manufacturer

– Worlds 4th largest bus manufacturer

– Industrial joint venture with fiat in India

– Holds JLR the iconic British brands

TATA Motors

• Due to high precision engineering business , the company setup a precision engineering division in2002 & today take contract business related to automation solution.

• The solution business began because of the need of sophisticated technology, high productquality & urge for self reliance in automation.

• Supplies components & sub systems to – united technologies corporation, Thales , Textron,Transdigm Group, Liebherr Aerospace, Lord corporation, , HAL , IAI & ABB

Titan Company

PROS & CONS OF

INDIAN DEFENCE SECTOR

Today Cooperates believe that there are signs that thisgovernment is very keen to grow indigenization. (Make thingslocally available).

The companies are being lured by the prospect of lucrativereturns on their investments as the BJP ( Modi) government haspledged to make "buy Indian" the default option for future orders.

Huge opportunity for Indian companies to deliver.

Reduction in cut-backs: If products are available locally, therewould be a reduction in the imports and thereby also reduce cutbacks which happen to a tune of billions of dollars.

Foreign Collaboration: With preference given to ‘Made in India’,a majority of foreign players want to enter the Indian defencesector through Indian Co. collaboration. This would bring the latesttechnologies and thereby improve the quality of the product andadd high efficiency in Indian organizations

Delays: Some companies are also skeptical of the government'scommitment to grow the private market given New Delhi's history ofdelays and order cancellations, and the traditionally strong tiesbetween the military and state-run manufacturers.

Indian industry is renowned for its ability to adapt, yet questionsremain whether the private sector can come up with the solutionsneeded to bring armed forces into the 21st century without sufficientaccess to world-class foreign technology.

Example: The case of a $10 billion Future Infantry Combat Vehicle(FICV) programme. Conceived in 2009, the defence ministry invitedthree private players and the Ordnance Factory Board, a state entity,to bid for the 2,600-vehicle contract but suddenly withdrew the letterof intent in 2012.

Larsen's & Tourbo’s Kattupalli shipyard in south India has yet toreceive any orders for warships or submarines despite being designedto do just that and despite past government pledges to build at leasttwo submarines in private yards.

Bureaucracy & corrupt Dealings: Local firms have captured a fraction of the Indian defence market sinceit first opened to private participation in 2001. Consecutive governments have still handed orders to statefactories or to foreign giants like Boeing, Lockheed and BAE Systems when they would be locally produced.

Critics of indigenization argue that producing gear - especially in the lumbering state sector - is morecostly than buying from abroad. Such deals can add layers of bureaucracy, increasing risks of corruptdealings.

CONCLUSION

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