defence missile · 2021. 3. 15. · second scorpene khanderi was inducted in september 2019. they...

DEFENCE MISSILEAIRCRAFT CARRIERSUBMARINES / MISSIONSPART - II

DEFENCE MISSILEAIRCRAFT CARRIERSUBMARINES / MISSIONSPART - II

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DEFENCE MISSILE

AIRCRAFT CARRIERS

SUBMARINES / MISSIONS

A.Nuclear-powered ballis�c missile submarine

......................................................................................

2

1. Arihant class

....................................................................................................................................

2

B.Diesel-electric submarine

....................................................................................................................

4

1.Project-75

.........................................................................................................................................

4

C.Aircra� carrier

......................................................................................................................................

6

1.INS Vikramaditya

..............................................................................................................................

6

2.INS Vikrant

.......................................................................................................................................

8

D.Stealth

guided missile destroyer

.........................................................................................................

8

1. Project 15A -

Kolkata Class Destroyer

.............................................................................................

8

2.Project 15 –

Delhi Class destroyers

..................................................................................................

9

E.Stealth

guided missile frigate

.............................................................................................................

10

1.Shivalik

class

...................................................................................................................................

10

2. Talwar-class frigates

......................................................................................................................

11

F.Guided

missile frigate

........................................................................................................................

12

1.Brahmaputra Class

.........................................................................................................................

12

2.Godavari Class

................................................................................................................................

13

G.Offshore

patrol vessels

......................................................................................................................

13

1.Saryu class

......................................................................................................................................

13

H.Other Current affairs in News

...........................................................................................................

14

1.Varunastra

......................................................................................................................................

14

2.INS Nilgiri ........................................................................................................................................ 15

3.Indian Coast Guard Ship ICGS Varaha ............................................................................................ 16

4.Yard 45006 VAJRA .......................................................................................................................... 17

5.INS Jamuna ..................................................................................................................................... 18

I.Aircra�/Helicopters ............................................................................................................................ 19

1.Light Combat Helicopters

...............................................................................................................

19

2.Saras aircra�

..................................................................................................................................

20

3.Apache helicopters

........................................................................................................................

21

4.KA226T Light U�lity Helicopters

....................................................................................................

22

5.Boeing CH-47 Chinook

...................................................................................................................

23

Contents

Aram.Academy.IAS aramias_academy aram_ias_academy aimcivilservices aramiasacademy.com

J. An�-satellite missile test ...................................................................................................................24

K.Naviga�on with Indian Constella�on.................................................................................................

25

L.Rustom-2

............................................................................................................................................

27

M.Biofuel used in airforce

.....................................................................................................................

27

N.Defence opera�ons

...........................................................................................................................

28

1.Opera�on by Army

.........................................................................................................................

28

2.Navy opera�ons

.............................................................................................................................

31

3.Air force Opera�ons:

......................................................................................................................

31

O.Rescue missions

.................................................................................................................................

32

1. Opera�on Safe Homecoming

........................................................................................................

32

2.Opera�on Sukoon

..........................................................................................................................

32

3.Evacua�on from the Gulf

...............................................................................................................

32

4.Opera�on Raahat

...........................................................................................................................

33

5.Opera�on Maitri

............................................................................................................................

33

6.Evacua�on from Brussels

...............................................................................................................

33



The Arihant class is a class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines being built for the

Indian Navy.

They were developed under the 90,000 crore Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project to

design and build nuclear-powered submarines.

The vessels are classified as Strategic Strike Nuclear Submarines by India

INS Arihant is India's first nuclear-powered submarine. The ship submersible ballistic,

nuclear (SSBN) submarine was launched at the Indian Navy's dockyard in Visakhapatnam,

which is the headquarters of India's Eastern Naval Command.

It was jointly developed by the Indian Navy, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and

Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) at the naval dockyard in

Visakhapatnam. Russian designers assisted in building the vessel.

The project, earlier known as the advanced technology vessel (ATV), has been under

development since 1998

Arihant has been developed as part of the military modernisation programme undertaken by

India. The Indian Navy has a fleet of 16 diesel-electric submarines leased from Russia and

Germany. However, the disadvantage with diesel electric submarines is that they cannot stay

under water for an extended period.

Conventional diesel-electric submarines have to ascend to the surface each day to eject

carbon dioxide produced by the generator. Nuclear-powered submarines, on the other hand,

can stay under water for long durations without being detected. Arihant is expected to

enhance the Indian Navy's capability of delivering nuclear weapons from all terrains.

The name Arihant derives from two words – Ari meaning enemy and Hanth meaning destroy.

A.Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine

1. Arihant class

Defence MissileAircraft CarrierSubmarines/Missions

Arihant's design is based on the Russian Akula-1 Class submarine. It weighs 6,000t. At a length

of 110m and breadth of 11m, Arihant is the longest in the Indian Navy's fleet of submarines

and can accommodate a crew of 95.

Arihant will be capable of carrying all types of missiles and will have underwater ballistic

missile launch capability. It will carry 12 K-15 SLBMs that can be launched even under ice caps.

Arihant is fitted with a combination of two sonar systems – Ushus and Panchendriya. Ushus is

state-of-the-art sonar meant for Kilo Class submarines. Panchendriya is a unified submarine

sonar and tactical control system, which includes all types of sonar (passive, surveillance,

ranging, intercept and active). It also features an underwater communications system.

Arihant Design:

Arihant Armament:

Control and Communication Systems:

The submarine project called “Project-75 India (P-75I)” was first approved by the defence

ministry in 2007 but has been delayed due to politico-bureaucratic apathy.

It is a programme by the Indian Navy that entails building six Scorpene-Class attack

submarines.

The submarines are being constructed under the Ministry of Defence's ambitious Strategic

Partnership (SP) model that aims at providing a significant fillip to the Government's 'Make in

India' programme.

The programme has been undertaken with transfer of technology from French company

Naval Group (formerly known as DCNS) at the Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL).

The submarines in the P75 Scorpene-Class are powered by the conventional diesel-electric

propulsion system.

The first Scorpene submarine, Kalvari, was commissioned in 2017 and it would go for a

normal refit after six years in 2023, during which time the Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP)

would be installed.

The P75I project is part of a 30-year submarine building plan that ends in 2030.

B.Diesel-electric submarine

1.Project-75


AIP technology is being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation

(DRDO) to provide submarines long-range and extended endurance capabilities undersea.

Second Scorpene Khanderi was inducted in September 2019.

They will feature advanced stealth capabilities such as a greater ability to suppress noise and

acoustic signatures.

The remaining submarines (Vela, Vagir, and Vagsheer) in the series are in advanced stages of

manufacturing and trials.

They will have a vertical launch system (VLS) to enable them to carry multiple Brahmos

supersonic cruise missiles, making them capable of anti-surface and anti-ship warfare

missions.


INS Vikramaditya ( "Brave as the Sun") is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier and the flagship

of the Indian Navy, which entered into service in 2013. She has been renamed in honour of

Vikramaditya, a legendary emperor of Ujjain, India.

INS Vikrant, also known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1),is an aircraft carrier under

construction by Cochin Shipyard in Kochi, Kerala for the Indian Navy. It is the first aircraft

carrier to be built in India. The name Vikrant ("stepping beyond") means "courageous"

INS Vikrant, is an indigenous aircraft carrier being built in Cochin Shipyard.It is a 40, 000 tonne

carrier and expected to join service by 2021.

Puts India in the elite group of four nations – the US, Russia, the UK and France – in the world

capable of designing and constructing aircraft carriers

Previous aircraft carriers in India – INS Vikramaditya from Russia & INS Viraat from UK

Largest aircraft carrier after induction

Originally built as Baku and commissioned in 1987, the carrier served with the Soviet Navy

and later with the Russian Navy (as Admiral Gorshkov) before being decommissioned in 1996.

Prior to the INS Vikramaditya, both of the Indian Navy's previous aircraft carriers—the

Vikrant and Viraat—were ships that were formerly in service with the Royal Navy of Britain.

INS Vikrant, also known as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1), is the India's first Indigenous

Aircraft Carrier (currently being built at the Cochin Shipyard Limited) which will be delivered

to the Indian Navy by 2021.

The carrier was purchased by India in 2004.It entered into service with the Indian Navy in 2013

and was formally dedicated it to the nation in 2014 by Prime Minister of India.

INS Viraat was decommissioned two years ago, to be converted into Maritime Museum.

The INS Vikramaditya, the Indian Navy's only in-service aircraft carrier, was a former Russian

ship that was commissioned into service in 2013.

C.Aircraft carrier

1.INS Vikramaditya

2.INS Vikrant


The Kolkata class (Project 15A) are a class of stealth guided missile destroyers constructed for

the Indian Navy. The class comprises three ships – Kolkata, Kochi and Chennai, all of which

were built by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in India, and are the largest destroyers to be

operated by the Indian Navy.

The destroyers are a follow-on of the Project 15 Delhi-class destroyers, but are considerably

more capable than them due to major improvements in the design, the addition of

substantial land-attack capabilities, the fitting-out of modern sensors and weapons systems,

and the expanded use of net-centric capability such as Cooperative Engagement Capability.

The class comprises of three ships. INS Kolkata, the first ship of the class got commissioned on

August, 2014. The second ship, INS Kochi, got commissioned on September, 2015. The third

ship, INS Chennai, got commissioned on November, 2016.

D.Stealth guided missile destroyer

1.Project 15A - Kolkata Class Destroyer

Delhi-class destroyers are guided-missile destroyers of the Indian Navy

Three ships of this class are in active service – INS Delhi, INS Mysore, INS Mumbai

The ships were built by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) at a cost of 7.5 billion

The Delhi-class vessels are the third-largest warships to be fully designed and built in India,

after the Kolkata-class destroyers and the Shivalik-class frigates

The Delhi Class is the largest warship built in India. The ship is fitted with sophisticated anti-

ship, anti-aircraft and anti-submarine sensor and weapon systems

2.Project 15 – Delhi Class destroyers

INS Delhi was commissioned in 1997, INS Mysore in June 1999 and INS Mumbai (formerly

Bombay) in January 2001.

The Delhi Class is fitted with the Rafael Barak point air defence missile system.

The ship is equipped with four chaff launch systems and the Ajanta radar interceptor


The Shivalik class or Project 17 class is a class of multi-role frigates in service with the Indian

Navy. They are the first stealth warships built in India.

They were designed to have better stealth features and land-attack capabilities than the

preceding Talwar-class frigates.

The Shivalik class, along with the seven Project 17A frigates currently being developed from

them, are projected be the principal frigates of the Indian Navy in the first half of the 21st

century.

The lead ship of this class is named 'Shivalik', after the lowest of the Himalayan ranges, which

extends to 2,500km. The frigates to follow were also named after other mountain ranges –

'Satpura' and 'Sahyadri'. They are being produced as an upgrade to the Talwar Class frigates,

which will be succeeded by the Project 17-A Class frigates.

A total of three ships were built between 2000 and 2010, and all three were in commission by

2012.

The frigates can carry two advanced helicopters. The Shivalik carries two HAL Dhruv or two

Sea King mk42B and the Satpura carries two K-31 Kamov helicopters.

Shivalik is fitted with a mix of indigenous Russian, Indian, and Western weaponry and sensor

systems

These frigates are mounted with MR-760 Fregat M2EM 3-D radar, an air search radar, HUMSA

(hull-mounted sonar array) and ATAS / Thales Sintra towed array systems, BEL Aparna fire

control radar and BEL Ajanta weapons control radar to counter attack the enemy.

All ships of the class were built by Mazagon Dock Limited.

E.Stealth guided missile frigate

1.Shivalik class


The Talwar-class frigates or Project 11356 are a class of guided missile frigates designed and

built by Russia for the Indian Navy.

The Talwar-class guided missile frigates are the improved versions of the Krivak III-class

(Project 1135) frigates used by the Russian Coast Guard.

Built by Baltiysky Zavod, the frigate supports naval forces during air, surface and sub-surface

missions. It is also used to detect and destroy enemy submarines and other surface ships.

The first and second frigates in the class, the INS Talwar and INS Trishul, were commissioned

in June 2003. The INS Tabar was commissioned in April 2004.

Talwar-Class frigates are equipped with combined gas turbine and gas turbine propulsion

systems.

2. Talwar-class frigates

The Brahmaputra class frigates are the guided-missile frigates of the Indian Navy, designed

and built in India. They have a displacement of 3850 tons and a length of 126 metres.

The class and the lead ship, INS Brahmaputra, are named after the River Brahmaputra.

Subsequent ships of the class, INS Betwa and INS Beas are also named for Indian rivers.

The basic design of the ship was proposed by Indian Navy's Directorate of Naval Design. The

detailed design development was undertaken by GRSE

Although of similar hull and dimension, internally, the Brahmaputra and Godavari classes

have different configurations, armaments and capabilities. The ship-class has acquired its

name owing to the 'River Bhrahmaputra'. Other ships of the class are also named after Indian

Rivers.

F.Guided missile frigate

1.Brahmaputra Class


The Godavari class frigates are the guided-missile frigates. The Godavari class was the first

significant indigenous warship design and development initiative of the Indian Navy.

INS Gomati was the first Indian Navy vessel to have digital electronics in her combat data

system. The ships combine Indian, Russian and Western weapons systems

The Godavari class was the first significant indigenous warship design and development

initiative of the Indian Navy. Its design is a modification of the Nilgiri class with a focus on

indigenous content of 72%, a larger hull and updated armaments.

The class and the lead ship, INS Godavari are named after the Godavari River. Subsequent

ship in the class, INS Gomati also takes her name from Indian river.INS Gomati was the first

Indian Navy vessel to have digital electronics in her combat data system.

2.Godavari Class

The Saryu class of offshore patrol vessels (OPV) are advanced patrol ships of the Indian Navy

built at the Goa Shipyard Limited.

These vessels are capable of ocean surveillance and monitoring and can maintain control of

shipping lanes. They can also be deployed to provide security to offshore oil installations, and

other naval assets

INS Sumitra, the fourth and last OPV, was delivered to the Navy by GSL

1.Saryu class

The first ship, INS Saryu was launched on 30 March 2009

F.Guided missile frigate

Name Pennant No. Date of Commission

P 54

P 57

P 58

P 59

21 Jan 2013

15 Oct 2013

07 Mar 2014

04 Sep 2014

Saryu

Sunayna

Sumedha

Sumitra


The Varunastra is an Indian advanced heavyweight anti-submarine torpedo, developed by

Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) of the Defence Research and

Development Organisation (DRDO) for the Indian Navy.

Varunastra was basically a ship-launched, electrically-propelled underwater weapon

equipped with one of the most advanced automatic and remote-controlled guidance

systems.

It is named after a legendary weapon created by the Hindu god of the oceans, Varuna.

This torpedo is powered by an electric propulsion system

H.Other Current affairs in News

1.Varunastra

Varunastra will be manufactured by Bharat Dynamics Limited in association with NSTL

It is capable of targeting stealthy and quiet submarines, both in deep and littoral waters in

intense counter-measure environment

It has advanced autonomous guidance algorithms with low drift navigational aids, insensitive

warhead which can operate in various combat scenarios

It has a GPS-based locating aid which is a unique feature in contemporary torpedoes in the

world

The torpedo can be launched from Delhi, Kolkata, Teg, Talwar and Kamorta classes of

warships


India has launched the first of its seven planned Project 17 Alpha (P17A)-class stealth-capable

frigates, the INS Nilgiri

The INS Nilgiri is the first of the Indian Navy's seven new stealth frigates with enhanced

stealth features fitted with state-of-the-art weapons and sensors

Project 17A class ships will be significantly more advanced and deadly than their

predecessors.

Project 17A Nilgiri class will be a radical upgrade over the existing Shivalik class in air defence

capabilities

The seven Project 17A class warships—four are being built at Mazagon and three at GRSE in

Kolkata—are the first major surface ships that are being constructed in India using 'modular'

methodology. The 'modular' method involves building a warship by first constructing smaller

modules or blocks, weighing hundreds of tonnes, and bringing them together for final

welding and assembly.

The Nilgiri-class guided-missile frigate is a follow-on of the Project 17 Shivalik-class frigate for

the Indian Navy. Each boat has a displacement of about 6,700 tonnes. The cost of the seven

frigates being built by Mazagon Dock and GRSE currently stands at over INR 48,000 crore

The construction of the first ship started in 2017, and it is expected to delivered by 2022.

2.INS Nilgiri


Defence Minister Rajnath Singh commissioned the Indian Coast Guard Ship ICGS Varaha at a

special function held at Chennai Port. The ship is the fourth in the series of seven offshore

patrol vessels of the Coast Guard. It will be based at New Mangalore in Karnataka under the

Western Command.

Varaha is the fourth in the series of seven 98-meter offshore patrol vessels. It has been

indigenously designed and built by Larsen & Toubro (L&T).

The 98-metre offshore patrol vessel ICGS Varaha has been designed and constructed

indigenously.

The vessel comprises special features such as modern surveillance systems, Integrated

Bridge System, high power external firefighting system, Automated power management

system, Help Traversing System and indigenously built an integrated platform management

system.

It is equipped with 30- milimetre gun and has an integrated bridge system, platform

management systems, automated power management system and high power external fire

fighting system.

It is capable of carrying a twin-engine helicopter and four high speed boats for swift boarding,

search and rescue, law enforcement and maritime patrolling operations. It also carries

pollution response equipment for handling incidents like oil spill at sea.

ICGS Varaha is propelled by two 9100-kilowatt diesel engines. It can attain a maximum speed

of 26 knots and has endurance of 5000 nautical miles. The Indian Coast Guard has said in a

statement that it will be deployed for the surveillance of India's Exclusive Economic Zone and

to safeguard the maritime interests of the country.

3.Indian Coast Guard Ship ICGS Varaha


The sixth Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) 'Yard 45006 VAJRA' to enhance coastal security was

launched.

The OPV launched is the sixth in the series of seven OPV projects being built by M/s Larsen and

Toubro (L&T) Shipbuilding under the 'Make in India' policy.

It will also be fitted with CRN-91 and 12.7 mm guns and have an integral twin-engine

helicopter, which will enhance its operational, surveillance, search and rescue capability

OPVs are long-range surface ships capable of coastal and offshore patrolling, policing

maritime zones, control & surveillance, anti-smuggling & anti-piracy operations with limited

wartime roles.

It will strengthen the efforts of Indian Coast Guard for securing over 7500 km vast coastline,

an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of over 20 lakh sq kms and more than one lakh merchant

ships transiting per year through Indian waters for global trade.

The ship would be utilized for day and night patrol/surveillance along with anti-terrorist/ anti-

smuggling operations in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) as well as Coastal Security.

VAJRA is a state-of-the-art-platform, which will enhance the operational capabilities of the

Indian Coast Guard in surveillance and search and rescue

4.Yard 45006 VAJRA


The INS Jamuna is precisely a hydrographic survey ship in the Indian Navy under the Southern

Naval Command. It is equipped with a helicopter, a Bofors 40 mm gun, four survey motor

boats, two small boats.

Furthermore, the ship also has the distinction of being associated with relief work during the

Gujrat earthquake, Tsunami 2004, along with Operation Vijay at the time of the Kargil War.

Indian ship has also been awarded a Mention in Dispatches. The ship which was

commissioned into the Naval service at Kochi in 1991 was built by state-run Goa Shipyard

Limited.

Indian Navy's Sandhayak class Hydrographic Survey Ship, INS Jamuna (J16), commanded by

Captain HA Hardas, arrived Colombo, Sri Lanka on 06 February 2020. The ship has been

deployed to Sri Lanka based on a mutual agreement to carry out Joint Hydrographic Survey

off the South West Coast of Sri Lanka.

Indian Navy's Sandhayak-class ship INS Jamuna, which has arrived in Sri Lanka, will carry out

detailed hydrographic surveys and several shore-based survey activities over the two-month

deployment period

5.INS Jamuna

The Tejas is an indigenous light weight, multi role supersonic aircraft developed in both

fighter and trainer versions

The Tejas is designed to carry a veritable plethora of air-to-air, air-to- surface, precision

guided and standoff weaponry

The Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme, which began in the 1980s to replace India's

ageing MiG-21 fighters. In 2003, the LCA was officially named "Tejas"

Advanced materials like composites are used in the manufacture of the Tejas to reduce

weight and increase the component life

The Tejas is an Indian single-engine, delta wing, multirole light fighter designed by the

Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the

Indian Air Force and Indian Navy.

1.Light Combat Helicopters

I.Aircraft/Helicopters


It is a light transport aircraft which is indigenously developed by National Aerospace

Laboratory (NAL)

The Indian Air Force inducted 8 Apache AH-64E attack helicopters at Pathankot Air Force

station. The Apache AH-64E helicopters are made by US company Boeing and will give a major

boots to combat capabilities of Indian Air Force

A joint venture with between Boeing and Tata Advanced Systems Ltd. (TASL) -- Tata Boeing

Aerospace Limited (TBAL) established in 2016 has been manufacturing fuselages for the AH-

64 Apache.

Saras Mk-2 is 19-seater aircraft. It was developed with a target cost of 50 crore which is at least

20-25% lower in cost than other aircraft in a similar category.

The NAL suggests using this for VIP services or tackling emergencies in times of natural

calamities.

Better known as an attack helicopter are received from the Boeing production facility in

Mesa, Arizona, USA.

These are all-weather capable, easily maintainable and have high agility and survivability

against battle damage.

It can carry out precision attacks at standoff ranges and operate in hostile airspace with

threats from the ground.

It can also shoot fire and forget anti-tank guided missiles, air to air missiles, rockets while

providing versatility to helicopter in network-centric aerial warfare.

It also carries fire control radar, which has a 360° coverage and nose-mounted sensor suite for

target acquisition and night vision systems.

It can transmit and receive battlefield picture through data uplinking and networking.

Apache will replace Russian origin MI-35 helicopters that are on the verge of retirement.

NAL is been pitching Saras Mk-2 for the government's UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik), since

it has the capacity to operate in “ill-equipped”, “semi-prepared” and “unpaved airstrips.The

scheme, launched in October 2016, is aimed at linking up areas that have no air connectivity.

The NAL developed this first indigenous light transport aircraft

2.Saras aircraft

3.Apache helicopters


The Ka-226T is a design of Russia's famed Kamov design bureau. It is a light helicopter, with a

maximum take-off weight of over 3.5 tonnes and can carry a payload of up to 1 ton.

Kamov is a small, twin engine Russian utility helicopter. It is manufactured by Russian

Helicopters

Like previous Kamov designs, such as the Ka-25 and Ka-27 anti-submarine warfare

helicopters and the Ka-52 attack helicopter, the Ka-226T uses coaxial rotors—that is, it has

two sets of rotors mounted one on top of the other and typically no tail rotor

The Ka-226T also has a unique, detachable 'mission' compartment instead of a conventional

cabin. This allows the helicopter to be adapted for different roles such as surveillance and

cargo delivery.

Russian Helicopters, the manufacturer of the Ka-226T, will manufacture the helicopter in

India under a joint venture with HAL

The Ka-226T uses a French-designed engine, which is more powerful than the engine on the

original Ka-226. The Ka-226T deal is considered vital for the Indian Army and Air Force as the

aircraft is slated to replace the ageing Chetak and Cheetah light helicopters, which are based

on 1960s-era French designs

4.KA226T Light Utility Helicopters


The Boeing CH-47 Chinook is an American twin-engined, tandem rotor, heavy-lift helicopter.

It is among the heaviest lifting Western helicopters.

A multi-mission heavy-left transport helicopter, Chinook will be used to move troops,

artillery, ammunition, barrier materials, supplies and equipment on the battlefield.

It is highly maneuverable, which makes it suitable for operating in tough, dense terrain.

Its 24X7, all-weather operational capabilities are crucial for India Air Force, which operates in

some of the most hostile terrains in the world.

Chinook has a capability to lift vertically even across a diversified terrain which will be a boom

to India

Apart from military operations, they can also be used for medical evacuation, disaster relief,

search and recovery, fire-fighting and civil development.

It is capable of transporting fully-equipped infantry soldiers for specialised operations. It has

fully integrated digital cockpit management system.

The Chinook has the capacity to carry a maximum payload capacity of 11 tonnes and 45

troops.

Chinook helicopters will give the IAF quantum leap in terms of ability to transport cargo to

precarious high altitude locations

Chinook would be deployed for humanitarian and disaster relief operations and in missions

such as transportation of relief supplies and mass evacuation

5.Boeing CH-47 Chinook


India conducted Mission Shakti, an anti-satellite missile test, from the Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Island launch complex. This was a technological mission carried out by DRDO. The satellite

used in the mission was one of India's existing satellites operating in lower orbit.

With this test India is now in the league of three countries after the U.S., Russia, and China to

have such technology.

The DRDO's Ballistic Missile Defence interceptor was used, which is part of the ongoing

ballistic missile defence programme.

The significance of the test is that India has tested and successfully demonstrated its

capability to interdict and intercept a satellite in outer space based on complete indigenous

technology.

The test was done in the lower atmosphere to ensure that there is no space debris. Whatever

debris that is generated will decay and fall back onto the earth within weeks.

Mission Shakti was undertaken to develop highly-potent Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT). It is a

joint programme of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Anti-satellite (ASAT) System is missile-based

system to attack moving satellites.

J. Anti-satellite missile test

1.Varunastra


This is an independent Indian Satellite based positioning system for critical National

applications. The main objective is to provide Reliable Position, Navigation and Timing

services over India and its neighbourhood, to provide fairly good accuracy to the user. The

IRNSS will provide basically two types of services

To date, ISRO has built a total of nine satellites in the IRNSS series; of which eight are currently

in orbit Three of these satellites are in geostationary orbit (GEO) while the remaining in

geosynchronous orbits (GSO) that maintain an inclination of 29° to the equatorial plane.

The US Congress has consented to designate India's NAVIC as its “allied” navigational satellite

system along with the Galileo of the European Union and QZSS of Japan.

The IRNSS constellation was named as “NavIC” (Navigation with Indian Constellation) by the

Honourable Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi and dedicated to the nation on the occasion

of the successful launch of the IRNSS-1G satellite.

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is an independent regional

navigation satellite system developed by India on par with US-based GPS.

The system that offers services like terrestrial and marine navigation, disaster management,

vehicle tracking and fleet management, navigation aide for hikers and travellers, visual and

voice navigation for drivers

The IRNSS System is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 m in the

primary service area

It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the

region extending up to 1500 km from its boundary, which is its primary service area. An

Extended Service Area lies between primary service area and area enclosed by the rectangle

from Latitude 30 deg South to 50 deg North, Longitude 30 deg East to 130 deg East

1. Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

2. Restricted Service (RS)

K.Navigation with Indian Constellation


Rustom-2 belongs to family of UAVs under development, including Rustom-1 and Rustom-H.

It is medium-altitude long-endurance drone (MALE).

It can fly up to an altitude of 22,000 feet and has endurance of over 20 hours. It is capable of

carrying payloads for electronic and signal intelligence missions

Its data link developed by Defence Electronics Application Laboratory (DEAL) transmits the

ISR data to the armed forces' ground control station in real time allowing prompt action.

The UAV has an endurance of 24 hours and is similar to the American predator series of

drones

It can fly at around 280 km/h and carry variety of payloads like Long Range Electro Optic

(LREO), Medium Range Electro Optic (MREO), Electronic Intelligence (ELINT), Synthetic

Aperture Radar (SAR), Communication Intelligence (COMINT) and Situational Awareness

Payloads (SAP) for performing missions even during the night

L.Rustom-2

IAF's formidable workhorse, the Russian made AN-32 aircraft was formally fleet certified to

fly on blended aviation fuel containing up to 10% of indigenous bio-jet fuel

The indigenous bio-jet fuel was first produced by the CSIR-IIP lab at Dehradun in 2013, but

could not be tested or certified for commercial use on aircraft due to lack of test facilities in

the civil aviation sector

This fuel is made from Jatropha oil sourced from Chattisgarh Biodiesel Development

Authority (CBDA) and then processed at CSIR-IIP, Dehradun

The shift is also meant to curb India's dependence on crude imports, besides reducing the

IAF's carbon footprint.

When mixed with conventional fuel, they decrease the amount of harmful emissions

Govt. Of India has started Ethanol Blending Program (EBP)

4 th Generation biofuels are made from Genetically Engineered crops and algae which would

yield less stress on food crops and commercial crops

Since then, IAF's flight test crew and engineers have been evaluating the performance of this

fuel against international standards. This is a huge step in promoting the 'Make in India'

mission as this bio-fuel would be produced from Tree Borne Oils (TBOs) sourced from tribal

areas and farmers, augmenting their income substantially.

This was the first time that this mix was used in both engines of an aircraft.

M.Biofuel used in airforce

Biofuel


N.Defence operations

1.Operation by Army

Operation

Polo

1948-

Hyderabad

Operation Polo was the code name of the Hyderabad

"police action" in September 1948, by the then newly

independent Dominion of India against the Hyderabad

State. It was a military operation in which the Indian

Armed Forces invaded the Nizam-ruled princely state,

annexing it into the Indian Union.

Indian armed forces ended the rule of the Nizam of

Hyderabad and led to the incorporation of the princely

state of Hyderabad in Southern India, into the Indian

Union

Operation 1961-

The Annexation of Goa was the process in which the

Vijay

Goa,Daman

and Diu

Republic of India annexed the former Portuguese Indian

territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, starting with the

armed action carried out by the Indian Armed Forces in

December 1961. In India, this action is referred to as the

"Liberation of Goa"

The operation by the Military of India that led to the

freedom of Goa, Daman and Diu and Anjidiv Islands

from the Portuguese colonial holding in 1961

Operation

Blue Star

1984-Punjab Operation Blue Star was the codename of an Indian

military action carried out between 1 and 8 June 1984 to

remove militant Sikh leader Sant Jarnail Singh

Bhindranwale and his followers from the buildings of

the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) complex in

Amritsar, Punjab. The decision to launch the attack

rested with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Carried out to remove separatist religious leader Jarnail

Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the

buildings of the Harmandir Sahib complex in Amritsar,

Punjab.


Operation

Meghdoot

1984-

Siachen

Glacier

Indian military's capture of the majority of Siachen

Glacier.

Operation Meghdoot was the code-name for the Indian

Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier

in the Kashmir region, precipitating the Siachen

Conflict. Launched on 13 April 1984, this military

operation was the first assault launched in the highest

battlefield in the world. The military action resulted in

Indian troops gaining control of the entire Siachen

Glacier

Operation

Pawan

1987-

SriLanka

Operations by the Indian Peace Keeping Force to take

control of Jaffna from the LTTE in late 1987 to enforce

the disarmament of the LTTE as a part of the Indo-Sri

Lankan Accord

Operation Pawan was the code name assigned to the

operation by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to

take control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of

Tamil Eelam (LTTE), better known as the Tamil Tigers,

in late 1987 to enforce the disarmament of the LTTE as

a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord. In brutal fighting

lasting about three weeks, the IPKF took control of the

Jaffna Peninsula from the LTTE, something that the Sri

Lankan Army had tried but failed to do.

Operation

Viraat

1988-

SriLanka

It was an anti-insurgency operation launched by the

IPKF against the LTTE in April 1988 in Northern Sri

Lanka.

Along with Operation Trishul, was an anti-insurgency

operation launched by the IPKF against the LTTE in

April 1988 in Northern Sri Lanka, in the provinces of

Mannar to Mullaitivu and Elephant Pass to Vavuniya

Operation

Trishul

1988-

SriLanka

Along with Operation Viraat, was an anti-insurgency

operation launched by the IPKF against the LTTE in

April 1988 in Northern Sri Lanka.


Operation

Vijay

1961 Annexation of Goa

Operation

Trident

1971 An offensive operation launched on Pakistan's port city of

Karachi during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Operation

Cactus

1988 Against the coup to overthrow the Government of Maldives

Operation

Raahat

2015

Operation by the Indian Armed Forces to evacuate Indian

citizens and other foreign nationals from Yemen during the

2015 military intervention by Saudi Arabia and its allies in that

country during the Yemeni Crisis.

Operation

Madad

2018

Indian Navy had launched Operation Madad, major rescue, and

relief operation in flood-hit Kerala. The operation was launched

to assist state administration and undertake disaster relief

operations due to flooding in many parts of Kerala

Operation

Cactus

1988-

Maldives

Paracommandos of Indian

Army and MARCOS of Indian Navy oust Tamil

nationalist mercenaries of PLOTE who instigated a coup

in Malé in the Maldives.

Operation

Vijay

1999-Kargil Indian operation to push back the infiltrators from the

Kargil Sector, in the 1999 Kargil War.

Operation

All Out

2015-jammu

and kashmir

For flushing out militants from specially Kashmir region

of Jammu and Kashmir state of India.

Operation

Maitri

2015-Nepal India's Army-led rescue and relief mission in quake-hit

Nepal

2.Navy operations


Operation

Bandar

2019

An airstrike caried out by IAF in response to the Pulwama

terror attack on 14 February 2019 by a suicide bomber,

killing 40 Indian soldiers.

Operation

Insaniyat

2017 An Humanitarian assistance aimed to supply relief packages

to Bangladesh for migrant Rohingya Muslims.

Operation 2015

Indian Military's rescue and relief mission in quake-hit Nepal

Maitri

Operation

Rahat

2013 Uttarakhand floods

It was an operation launched by the Indian government on February 26, 2011 to evacuate its

citizens, fleeing from the Libyan Civil War. The air-sea operation was conducted by the Indian

Navy and Air India.

It was an operation launched by the Indian government on February 26, 2011 to evacuate its

citizens, fleeing from the Libyan Civil War. The air-sea operation was conducted by the Indian

Navy and Air India.

Eighteen thousand Indian nationals, working in Libya, were trapped because of the unrest.

After the evacuation of more than 15,000 Indian nationals, the operation ended on March 11.

O.Rescue missions

2.Operation Sukoon

1. Operation Safe Homecoming

Operation Sukoon was an operation carried out by the Indian Navy to evacuate Indian, Sri

Lankan and Nepalese nationals, as well as Lebanese nationals with Indian spouses, from the

conflict zone during the 2006 Lebanon War.

In one of the largest evacuations conducted by the Indian Navy, a total of 2,280 people

including 1,764 Indians, 112 Sri Lankans, 64 Nepalese and 7 Lebanese nationals with Indian

spouses were evacuated following the conflict.

3.Air force Operations:


So far, India's evacuation of civilians from Kuwait during the 1990-91 Gulf war has been the

world's largest evacuation exercise of civilians by air. Around 1,70,000 Indians were caught in

the war which left millions homeless and many dead.

An operation, launched by the Indian Armed Forces, to evacuate 4,640 Indian citizens and 960

foreign nationals of 41 countries from Yemen during the 2015 Yemeni Crisis.

It was a rescue and relief operation in Nepal carried out by the government of India and

Indian armed forces in the aftermath of the April 2015 Nepal earthquake. India responded

within 15 minutes of the quake.

On the morning of March 22, 2016, three coordinated suicide bombings occurred in Belgium:

two at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, and one at Maalbeek metro station in central Brussels.

Thirty-two civilians and three perpetrators were killed, and more than 300 people injured.

A Jet Airways flight evacuated 242 Indians, including 28 Jet Airways crew members who had

been stranded in Brussels. The airline first took around 800 people who had been stranded at

the airport after coming in on four different flights, by road to Amsterdam.

Two jet flights left for Amsterdam from India. While one brought back 242 passengers to

India, the other took off to Newark.

There was military intervention by Saudi Arabia and its allies using airstrikes on the national

capital, Sana'a.

The evacuation by sea began on April 1, 2015 from the port of Aden, while the air evacuation

by the Indian Air Force and Air India commenced on April 3, 2015 from Sana'a.

The Indian Armed Forces evacuated around 5,188 persons, while nearly 785 foreign tourists

were provided transit visa.

Air India , at the time, operated around 500 flights over two months. More than 25 years later,

the feat inspired the Bollywood flick 'Airlift', starring Akshay Kumar.

3.Evacuation from the Gulf

4.Operation Raahat

5.Operation Maitri

6.Evacuation from Brussels



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