usa v. keys: motion to suppress
TRANSCRIPT
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk e
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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OH]LN ]. @KEAKYDHN, ]IN 93===6ohyCmredenh`-`hwykr.dkKYEM O. @ENABYKN, ]IN 977;19kremCmredenh`-`hwykr.dk@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
QLY KJK@HNA, SYL GHM VEMKtlrCtlrk`kjhna.mldQLY KJK@HNA, S.M.8;; Rhtkr ]trkktIrllj`yn, NU 88938Qk`? 287-97;-5925Fhx? 287-;31-;182
Httlrnkys flr Akfknahnt
DHQQGKR JKU]
[NEQKA ]QHQK] AE]QYEMQ ML[YQ
KH]QKYN AE]QYEMQ LF MH@EFLYNEH
[NEQKA ]QHQK],
S`henteff,
v.
DHQQGKR JKU],
Akfknahnt.
)))))
)))))))))))
Mhsk Nl.? 8=-MY-33379 JOD
NLQEMK LF DLQELN HNA DLQELN QL][SSYK]] KVEAKNMK: DKDLYHNA[DLF SLENQ] HNA H[QGLYEQEK]
Ahtk? Ohnuhry 95, 9381Qedk? 5?33 hdS`hmk? Mlurtrlld =
QL QGK ML[YQ HNA QGK [NEQKA ]QHQK], QGYL[BG QGK [NEQKA ]QHQK]
HQQLYNKU?
S@KH]K QHJK NLQEMK QGHQln tgk hilvk ahtk hna tedk, lr hs slln tgkrkhftkr hs tgk
dhttkr mhn ik gkhra en tgk hilvk aksebnhtka mlurtrlld, lr sumg ltgkr mlurtrlld tl wgemg shea dlteln es
hssebnka, Akfknahnt Dhttgkw Jkys (Akfknahnt lr Dr. Jkys),iy hna tgrlubg mlunsk`, we`` dlvk
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 8 lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk ee
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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tgk mlurt tl essuk hn lrakr supprkssenb kveaknmk skezka hs h rksu`t lf h skhrmg hna skezurk iy pl`emk
lffemkrs, tl wet?
8. Qgk huael rkmlraenb hna hny trhnsmrept lf Dr. Jkys sthtkdknt tl envkstebhtlrs ln Lmtlikr 1,9389.
9. Qgk pkrmkptelns, rkml``kmtelns hna liskrvhtelns lf tgk lffemkrs rk`htka tl tght thpka sthtkdknt.=. Dr. Jkys wrettkn sthtkdknt tl tgk blvkrndknt ahtka Lmtlikr 1, 9389.1. H`` prlpkrty hna enflrdhteln skezka aurenb tgk Lmtlikr 1, 9389 kxkmuteln lf h skhrmg whrrhnt
ln Dr. JkysNkw Okrsky rkseaknmk.
;. Hny ltgkr kveaknmk tgk mlurt fenas un`hwfu``y lithenka hna tgk fruets tgkrklf.Qges dlteln es dhak unakr Yu`k 89(i)(=)(M) lf tgk Fkakrh` Yu`ks lf Mredenh` Srlmkaurk ln tgk
brluna tght tgk skhrmg hna skezurk vel`htka Akfknahnts rebgts unakr tgk Flurtg hna Feftg Hdknadknts
tl tgk [netka ]thtks Mlnstetuteln.
Qges dlteln es ihska ln tgk htthmgka plents hna hutglreteks, tgk tkstedlny lf hny wetnkssks ht tgk
gkhrenb, tgk htthmgka akm`hrhtelns lf Akfknahnts mlunsk`, tgk fe`ks hna rkmlras en tges hmteln, hna hny
furtgkr kveaknmk lr hrbudknt tght tgk Mlurt dhy prlpkr`y rkmkevk ht lr ikflrk tgk gkhrenb
Ahtka? Akmkdikr 8=, 938=
Iy?\\\\\/s/ Ohy @keakrdhn\\\\\\\\\\\\Ohsln ]. @keakrdhnKrem O. @enabrkn
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN
Iy?\\\\\/s/ Qlr Kjk`hna\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
Qlr Kjk`hna
QLY KJK@HNA, S.M.
Httlrnkys flr Akfknahnt
DHQQGKR JKU]
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 9 lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk eee
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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QHI@K LF MLNQKNQ]QHI@K LF H[QGLYEQEK] ................................................................................................................... v
DKDLYHNA[D LF SLENQ] HNA H[QGLYEQEK] ........................................................................ 8
ENQYLA[MQELN..................................................................................................................................... 8
]QHQKDKNQ LF FHMQ] ....................................................................................................................... 8
E. QGK ]KHYMG RHYYHNQ HNA HFFEAHVEQ. ....................................................................... 9H. KHY@U AKMKDIKY 9383 ][]SEMEL[] K-DHE@]. ........................................................... =I. MLDD[NEMHQELN IKQRKKN DKYMKY HNA DY. JKU] YKBHYAENBHNLNUDL[]. .................................................................................................................................. 1
M. ENQKYNH@ ENVK]QEBHQELN LF QGK AKMKDIKY 81, 9383 KAEQ] QL QGK @L]HNBK@K] QEDK] RKI]EQK. .......................................................................................................... ;
A. DY. JKU] S[I@E]GKA HYQEM@K] HMJNLR@KABENB HMMK]] QL QLS @KVK@GHMJKY] []ENB QGK NHDK HK]Mrhmjka............................................................................ ;
K. MGHQ @LB] ]KE_KA A[YENB LQGKY ENVK]QEBHQELN]. ............................................... ;F. LQGKY ES HAAYK]] ENFLYDHQELN. ................................................................................... 6B. O[]QEFEMHQELN FLY QGK IYKHAQG LF QGK ]KHYMG. ................................................... 6
EE. KWKM[QELN LF QGK RHYYHNQ. ........................................................................................ 83HYB[DKNQ ........................................................................................................................................... 83
E. QGK ]KHYMG RHYYHNQ H[QGLYE_KA HN LVKYIYLHA BKNKYH@ ]KHYMG LFH@@ LF DY. JKU] K@KMQYLNEM DKAEH................................................................................... 83
H. EN LYAKY QL MLNA[MQ RGL@K]H@K ]KE_[YK] LF K@KMQYLNEM DKAEH, QGKBLVKYNDKNQ D[]Q SYK]KNQ H FHMQ[H@ IH]E] FLY ALENB ]L, EQ D[]Q FL@@LR
H ]KBYKBHQELN SYLQLML@ FLY EAKNQEFUENB YK@KVHNQ ENFLYDHQELN, HNA EQ
D[]Q YKQ[YN EYYK@KVHNQ ENFLYDHQELN. ...................................................................... 89
I. QGK RHYYHNQ MLDS@KQK@U EBNLYK] MGEKF O[ABK JL_EN]JE] B[EAK@ENK]EN MLDSYKGKN]EVK AY[B QK]QENB EEE. .................................................................................. 81
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk = lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk ev
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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EE. HQ QGK QEDK HNAYKR] HSS@EKA FLY QGK RHYYHNQ, QGK FHMQ]][SSLYQENB SYLIHI@K MH[]K QL IK@EKVK DY. JKU] SL]]K]]KA HNU KVEAKNMK
RKYK ]QH@K. ....................................................................................................................................... 86
EEE. QGK HFFEAHVEQ MLNQHEN] AK@EIKYHQK LY YKMJ@K]]DE]YKSYK]KNQHQELN] HNA LDE]]ELN] YKX[EYENB H FYHNJ]GKHYENB. ................ 87
H. HNAYKR] HFFEAHVEQ MLNQHEN] AK@EIKYHQK LY YKMJ@K]]@U-DHAK]QHQKDKNQ] HNA LDE]]ELN]. ............................................................................................... 85
I. REQG QGK FH@]K ]QHQKDKNQ] HNA LDE]]ELN] MLYYKMQKA, QGK HFFEAHVEQALK] NLQ ][SSLYQ H FENAENB LF SYLIHI@K MH[]K. .................................................... 93
EV. QGK FY[EQ LF QGK SLE]LNL[] QYKK ALMQYENK YKX[EYK] ][SSYK]]ELN LFRYEQQKN HNA YKMLYAKA ]QHQKDKNQ] LF DY. JKU]. ..................................................... 98
V. DY. JKU] DEYHNAH RHEVKY RH] ENVH@EA IKMH[]K EQ RH] NLQVL@[NQHYU, JNLRENB HNA ENQK@@EBKNQ. .......................................................................... 99
H. DY. JKU] ENVL@[NQHYE@U RHEVKA GE]DEYHNAHYEBGQ]. .................................... 99I. DY. JKU] AEA NLQ JNLRENB@U HNA ENQK@@EBKNQ@U RHEVK GE]DEYHNAHYEBGQ]. ........................................................................................................................................... 9=
MLNM@[]ELN ....................................................................................................................................... 9;
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 1 lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk v
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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QHI@K LF H[QGLYEQEK]
Fkakrh` MhsksIrlwn v. E``enles, 199 [.]. ;53 (852;) ..................................................................................................... 98
Mgesd v. Rhsgenbtln ]thtk, 668 F.=a =73 (5tg Mer. 9388) ....................................................................... 93
Ml`lrhal v. Mlnnk``y, 125 [.]. 8;2 (8576) ............................................................................................. 99
Ml`lrhal v. ]prenb, 125 [.]. ;61 (8572) ........................................................................................... 99, 91
Mll`eabk v. Nkw Ghdpsgerk, 139 [.]. 11= (8528) .................................................................................. 83
Akrremj v. Sktkrsln, 591 F.9a 78= (5tg Mer. 8553) ............................................................................. 99, 9=
Aurghd v. [netka ]thtks, 13= F.9a 853 (5tg Mer. 8567) ........................................................................... 86
Frhnjs v. Ak`hwhrk, 1=7 [.]. 8;1 (8527) (Frhnjs)................................................................. 87, 93, 98
B`haakn v. [nswlrtg, =56 F.9a =2= (5tg Mer. 8567) .......................................................................... 99, 9=
En rk Brhna Oury ]uiplknhs Ahtka Akmkdikr 83, 8572, 596 F.9a 712 (5tg Mer. 8558) .......................... 88
Ohmjsln v. Aknnl, =27 [.]. =67 (8561) ................................................................................................... 99
@umkrl v. Jkriy, 8== F.=a 8955 (83tg Mer. 8557)..................................................................................... 9=
Derhnah v. Hrezlnh, =71 [.]. 1=6 (8566) .................................................................................... 99, 9=, 91
Dlrhn v. Iurienk, 12; [.]. 189 (8576) ................................................................................................... 9=
Nhralnk v. [netka ]thtks, =37 [.]. ==7 (85=5)........................................................................................ 98
Nex v. Re``ehds, 162 [.]. 1=8 (8571) ....................................................................................................... 98
Shytln v. Nkw Ulrj, 11; [.]. ;2= (8573) ................................................................................................ 83
]hdp`k v. Kydhn, 165 F.9a 785 (5tg Mer. 8529) ....................................................................................... 91
]brl v. [netka ]thtks, 972 [.]. 936 (85=9) .............................................................................................. 86
Qhbuk v. @luesehnh, 111 [.]. 165 (8573) ................................................................................................. 9=
Qhy`lr v. Dhaalx, =66 F.=a 559 (5tg Mer. 9331) ...................................................................................... 9=
[netka ]thtks v. Mgksgkr, 627 F.9a 8=;= (5tg Mer. 8579) ......................................................................... 85
[netka ]thtks v. Mldprkgknsevk Arub Qkstenb, Enm., ;25 F.=a 575 (5tg Mer. 9335) (MAQ EE).............. 81
[netka ]thtks v. Mldprkgknsevk Arub Qkstenb, Enm., 698 F.=a 8869 (5tg Mer. 9383) (MAQ EEE).... 88, 8=
81, 8;
[netka ]thtks v. Ak@kln, 525 F.9a 268 (5tg Mer. 8559)............................................................................ 85
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk ; lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk ve
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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[netka ]thtks v. Alzekr, 711 F.9a 238 (5tg Mer. 8577) ............................................................................. 86
[netka ]thtks v. Frhnj, 5;6 F.9a 729 (5tg Mer. 8558) .............................................................................. 91
[netka ]thtks v. Bhnn, 2=9 F.9a 281 (5tg Mer. 8571) ............................................................................... 86
[netka ]thtks v. Brhnt, 679 F.=a 792 (5tg Mer. 9389) ............................................................................... 86
[netka ]thtks v. Brkhny, 595 F.9a ;9= (5tg Mer. 8558) ............................................................................ 86
[netka ]thtks v. Brkhtglusk, 952 F.]upp.9a 8961 (A. Lr. 933=) ...................................................... 82, 87
[netka ]thtks v. Bukrrkrl, 712 F.9a 8=6= (5tg Mer. 8577) ....................................................................... 99
[netka ]thtks v. Ge``, 1;5 F.=a 566 (5tg Mer. 9336) ............................................................................ 8=, 81
[netka ]thtks v. Ohwhrh, 121 F.=a ;6; (5tg Mer. 9332) ............................................................................ 85
[netka ]thtks v. @hmy, 885 F.=a 219 (5tg Mer. 8552) .......................................................................... 86, 82
[netka ]thtks v. Dlntlyh-Hrrui`h, 215 F.9a 233 (88tg Mer. 857;) .......................................................... 91
[netka ]thtks v. ]detg, 6=7 F.9a 8=8 (5tg Mer. 8578) ............................................................................... 99
[netka ]thtks v. ]thnkrt, 269 F.9a 22; (5tg Mer. 857;) ............................................................................. 85
[netka ]thtks v. Qhdurh, 651 F.9a ;58 (5tg Mer. 8579)................................................................ 89, 8=, 81
[netka ]thtks v. Qlwnk, 552 F.9a ;=2 (5tg Mer. 855=).............................................................................. 88
Rlnb ]un v. [netka ]thtks, =28 [.]. 128 (856=) ..................................................................................... 98
]thtutks87 [.].M. 83=3 ......................................................................................................................................... 8
87 [.].M. =;38 ....................................................................................................................................... 9=
87 [.].M. =28 ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Mlnstetutelnh` Srlveselns[.]. Mlnst. hdkna. EV .............................................................................................................. 8, 88, 8=, 81
[.]. Mlnst. hdkna. V.................................................................................................................................. 8
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 6 lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 8
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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DKDLYHNA[D LF SLENQ] HNA H[QGLYEQEK]
ENQYLA[MQELN
Qges mhsk envl`vks h skezurk tght blks tl tgk vkry gkhrt lf wght tgk Flurtg Hdknadknt prlgeiets.
Flr nl rkhsln ltgkr tghn h``lwenb tgk FIE tl fesg flr k`kmtrlnem ahth, h dhbestrhtk hutglrezka hna tgk
blvkrndknt kxkmutka h wgl`ksh`k skezurk lf Akfknahnt Dhttgkw Jkys k`kmtrlnem dkaeh. Qgk whrrhnt
whs unsupplrtka iy hny fhmts rkquerenb sumg h skezurk hna unhmmldphneka iy hny prltlml` aksebnka tl
prkvknt h bknkrh` ruddhbenb, hna tgkrkflrk tgk skezurk vel`htka tgk Flurtg Hdknadkntsprlgeieteln ln
bknkrh` whrrhnts.
Qges bknkrh` skhrmg `ka aerkmt`y tl h pl`emk entkrvekw lf Dr. Jkys, aurenb wgemg gk envl`unthre`y
whevka ges Feftg Hdknadknt rebgt hbhenst sk`f-enmredenhteln. Haaetelnh``y, tgk mermudsthnmks
surrlunaenb tgk entkrvekw sglw tght Dr. Jkys aea nlt phrtemephtk jnlwenb`y, vl`unthre`y, lr
entk``ebknt`y. Hs sumg, Dr. Jkys sthtkdknts dust ik supprksska hs vel`htevk lf ges Feftg Hdknadknt
rebgts hna lf tgk fruet lf tgk pleslnlus trkk almtrenk.
]QHQKDKNQ LF FHMQ]
Dr. Jkys whs enaemtka en h tgrkk-mlunt enaemtdknt en Dhrmg 81, 938=. (Almjkt kntry # 8.)
Mlunt 8 h``kbks h mlnsperhmy tl entkntelnh``y mhusk unhutglrezka ahdhbk tl h prltkmtka mldputkr veh h
jnlwenb trhnsdesseln lf h prlbrhd, enflrdhteln, mlak, hna mlddhna, en vel`hteln lf 87 [.].M. =28
hna 87 [.].M. 83=3(h)(;)(H), (m)(1)(I). Mlunt 9 h``kbks h suisthntevk vel`hteln lf 87 [.].M.
83=3(h)(;)(H), (m)(1)(I). Hna mlunt = h``kbks h jnlwenb httkdptka trhnsdesseln lf h prlbrhd,
enflrdhteln, mlak, hna mlddhna wetg tgk entknt tl mhusk ahdhbk tl h prltkmtka mldputkr en vel`hteln lf
87 [.].M. 83=3(h)(;)(H), (i).
Qgksk mghrbks stkd frld kaets tl lnk phrhbrhpg lf h stlry ln tgk @ls Hnbk`ks Qedks wkisetk ln
Akmkdikr 81, 9383. Qght ahy, usenb tgk @ls Hnbk`ks Qedks/Qreiunk Mldphnys mlntknt dhnhbkdknt
systkd (MD]), tgk uskr nbhrmeh h``kbka`y h`tkrka h phrhbrhpg lf h `htedks.mld stlry. Qgk hrtem`ks
tet`k hna iy`enk lrebenh``y hppkhrka hs fl``lws?
Srkssurk iue`as en Glusk tl phss thx-mut phmjhbk
Glusk Akdlmrhtem `khakr ]tkny Glykr skks vkry blla tgenbs en tgk thx -mut akh`, wgemgdhny rkprksknthtevks lpplsk. Iut wetg tgk ie`` skt tl m`khr tgk ]knhtk, rk`umthnt GluskAkdlmrhts hrk fkk`enb tgk gkht tl phss et.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 2 lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 9
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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96
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Iy @esh Dhsmhrl, Qreiunk Rhsgenbtln Iurkhu8
Hftkr tgk denlr kaets iy nbhrmeh, tgk hrtem`ks tet`k hna iy`enk h``kbka`y rkha?
Srkssurk iue`as en Glusk tl k`kmt MGESSU 8==2
Glusk Akdlmrhtem `khakr ]tkny Glykr skks vkry blla tgenbs en tgk akh` mut wgemg we``skk uikr sjea Mgeppy 8==2 thjk ges rebgtfu` p`hmk, hs gkha lf tgk ]knhtk, rk`umthnt GluskAkdlmrhts tl`a tl ][MJ EQ [S.
Iy MGESSU] NL 8 FHN, Qreiunk Rhsgenbtln Iurkhu
Qgk hrtem`ks suisthntevk mlntknt whs nlt h`tkrka, hna wkisetk hadenestrhtlrs rkstlrka tgk lrebenh` en `kss
tghn hn glur.
E. QGK ]KHYMG RHYYHNQ HNA HFFEAHVEQ.Ln Lmtlikr =, 9389, ]pkmeh` Hbknt Bhirek` Hnarkws (Hnarkws) suidettka hn Hpp`emhteln
hna Hffeahvet flr ]khrmg Rhrrhnt tl skhrmg Dr. Jkys rkseaknmk en ]khmhumus, Nkw Okrsky. (Htthmgka
gkrktl hs Akf.s Kx. H.) [netka ]thtks Dhbestrhtk Ouabk Demghk` H. Ghddkr sebnka tgk whrrhnt. Qgk
whrrhnt es en flur phrts? Htthmgdknts H, I, M, hna A. Htthmgdknt H aksmreiks tgk p`hmk tl ik skhrmgka:
Htthmgdknt I aksmreiks tgk etkds tl ik skezka: hna Htthmgdknt M nhdks tgk h``kbka lffknsks flr wgemg
tgk blvkrndknt slubgt kveaknmk.
Htthmgdknt A lf tgk skhrmg whrrhnt es Hnarkws hffeahvet en supplrt tgkrklf. (]kk Akf.s Kx. H,
Htthmgdknt A (Hnarkws Hff.).) En Lmtlikr 9383, Dr. Jkys whs kdp`lyka ht JQW@ Flx 13 (Flx
13) en ]hmrhdkntl hs h Rki Srlaumkr. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 7.) Hdlnb ltgkr tgenbs, Dr. Jkys
rksplnseie`eteks enm`uaka dhnhbenb Flx 13s Fhmkillj hna Qwettkr hmmlunts. (Ea.) Nkhr tgk kna lf tght
dlntg, h Flx 13 kdp`lykk nhdka Irhnaln Dkrmkrrkfkrrka tl en tgk hffeahvet ln`y hs tgk
Srlaumkrh``kbka`y tkrdenhtka Dr. Jkys kdp`lydknt. (Ea.) Hmmlraenb tl Dkrmkr, Dr. Jkys tgkn
mghnbka tgk phsswlras tl tgk Fhmkillj hna Qwettkr hmmlunts, ak`ktka 6,333 fl``lwkrs, hna plstka
gkha`enks frld ltgkr, mldpktenb sthtelns. (Ea.) Hftkr flur ahys, Dkrmkr rkbhenka mlntrl` lf tgk
hmmlunts. (Ea.)
8Qgk lrebenh` hrtem`k es ste`` hvhe`hi`k ln tgk @ls Hnbk`ks Qedks wkisetk, ht gttp?//hrtem`ks.`htedks.mld/9383/akm/81/nkws/`h-
pn-glykr-thx-vltk-9383898;.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 7 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
9/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk =
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
H. KHY@U AKMKDIKY 9383 ][]SEMEL[] K-DHE@].Nkxt, Hnarkws hffeahvet aksmreiks sldksuspemelus k-dhe`s frld h nudikr lf frkk k-dhe`
hmmlunts? flxdu`akr1355Cyhgll.ml.uj, myikrtrl``65xCgltdhe`.mld, wh`tkrsjennkr;355Cyhgll.ml.uj,
mhnmkrdhn1355Cyhgll.ml.uj, hna flx13trutgkrsCbdhe`.mld. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 5-8;.) Qgksk k-
dhe`s wkrk rk`htka tl hn h``kbka mldprldesk lf tgk S9S ]krvkr, h skrvkr lwnka iy Qreiunk Dkaeh,
Flx 13s phrknt mldphny. (Ea.ht 2.)
Ln Akmkdikr 8, 9383, flxdu`akr1355Cyhgll.ml.uj h``kbka`y sknt Dkrmkr h dksshbk
subbkstenb tgk wretkr gha lithenka k-dhe` haarkssks lf h`` Flx 13 mustldkrs. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 5.) Qgk
twl kxmghnbka skvkrh` kdhe`s, hna flxdu`akr1355 mlntenuka tl aesphrhbk Flx 13s iusenkss prhmtemks.
(Ea.)
Qgk nkxt ahy, myikrtrl``65xCgltdhe`.mld sknt Dkrmkr hn k-dhe`. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 83.) Qges
k-dhe` mlnthenka h flrwhraka mlpy lf h aeffkrknt k-dhe` dksshbk, h``kbka`y sknt frld Flx 13 kdp`lykk
O.G. (Ea.) Qgk dksshbk frld O.G. m`hedka tght flxdu`akr1355 whs Dr. Jkys. (Ea.) Rgkn qukstelnka
hilut tgk k-dhe` iy Dkrmkr, O.G. akneka sknaenb tgk dksshbk hmmusenb flxdu`akr1355 lf ikenb Dr.
Jkys. (Ea.) Hmmlraenb tl Hnarkws hffeahvet, tgk pkrsln wgl mrkhtka tgk myikrtrl``65x hmmlunt m`hedka
tl ik Dr. Jkys, hna rkbestkrka tgk hmmlunt usenb h ]hmrhdkntl zep mlak, 5;791. (Ea.ht 88.) Hnarkws
eakntefeka ES haarkss 57.937.15.21 hs tgk ln`y haarkss uska tl hmmkss tgk hmmlunt. (Ea.) Qges haarkss
rksl`vka tl h `lmhteln en ]hmrhdkntl, Mh`eflrneh. (Ea.) Furtgkr httkdpts tl eakntefy myikrtrl``65x wkrk
nlt summkssfu`. (Ea.)
Ln Akmkdikr =, Flx 13 rkmkevka h strhnbk k-dhe` frld MhnmkrDhn1355Cyhgll.ml.lj.
(Hnarkws Hff. ht 89.) @ejk tgk prkvelus k-dhe`, MhnmkrDhn1355s k-dhe` mlnthenka h flrwhraka mlpy
lf h aeffkrknt dksshbk. (Ea.) Qgk flrwhraka dksshbk whs frld tgk Hdkremhn Mhnmkr ]lmekty tl
MhnmkrDhn1355, hna et enaemhtka tght MhnmkrDhn1355 gha bevkn ges mlnthmt nhdk hs Dhttgkw Jkys
tl tgk Hdkremhn Mhnmkr ]lmekty. (Ea.) Qght shdk ahy h Flx 13 mustldkr rkplrtka rkmkevenb hn
unsl`emetka k-dhe frld flx13trutgkrsCbdhe`.mld. (Ea.ht 8=.)
Fenh``y, ln Akmkdikr 6, 9383, Dkrmkr rkmkevka hn k-dhe` en tgk flrd lf h prkss rk`khsk frld
Rh`tkr]jennkr;355Cyhgll.ml.uj. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 81.) Qges k-dhe` rkfkrrka tl Dkrmkrs Fhmkillj
phbk. (Ea.)
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 5 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
10/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 1
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
Hnarkws hffeahvet kxp`hens wgy gk enm`uaka ES haarkss enflrdhteln flr ln`y tgk
myikrtrl``65xCgltdhe`.mld hmmlunt?
Flx Du`akr, Rh`tkr ]jennkr, hna Mhnmkr Dhn hrk mghrhmtkrs frld tgk Flxtk`kveseln sglw Qgk W-Fe`ks. ]uiplknhs essuka flr tgksk hmmlunts aktkrdenka ketgkrtght tgk enflrdhteln whs unhvhe`hi`k lr tght tgk hmmlunt uska whs iy h prlxy skrvkr.Ihska ln dy trhenenb hna kxpkreknmk, E hd hwhrk tght prlxy skrvkrs hrk uska iy pklp`kln tgk Entkrnkt tl hvlea ghvenb tgker hmtevety trhmka ihmj tl tgkd.
(Hnarkws Hff. ht 8;.)
Qglubg Hnarkws hffeahvetdhak nl dknteln lf et, FIE hbknt Olgn Mhutgkn kxprksska aluits
hilut Dr. Jkys envl`vkdknt en tgk h``kbka irkhmg lf tgk S9S skrvkr. En h rkplrt ahtka Fki 81, 9388,
Mhutgkn wrltk h nltk? Bevkn tgk kfflrt tl geak tgk eakntety lf tgk sknakr veh tgk usk lf fhjk k-dhe`s hna
prlxy skrvkrs, et skkds enmlnbrulus flr tgk suiokmt, ef et es enakka Dhttgkw Jkys, tl skna lut hn k-dhe`
eakntefyenb gedsk`f iy nhdk. (]kkFki. 88 Ykplrt lf Olgn Mhutgkn, htthmgka gkrktl hs Akf.s Kx. I.)
Qgk shdk rkplrt dkntelns tght Dr. Jkys whs gedsk`f h vemted lf h mldprldeska Qwettkr hmmlunt. (Ea.)
Ihska en phrt ln tgksk fhmts, Mhutgkn wrltk, et hppkhrs Dhttgkw Jkys dhy nlt ghvk ikkn tgk suiokmt
ikgena tgk mldprldesk ht FLW13. (Ea.) Hnltgkr rkplrt ahtka Ounk 6, 9388 hutglrka iy Mhutgkn
kxprksska sede`hr skntedknts. (]kkOunk 6 Ykplrt lf Olgn Mhutgkn, htthmgka gkrktl hs Akf.s Kx. M.) Gk
tglubgt et e``lbemh` tght tgk rkh` ghmjkr wlu`a eakntefy gedsk`f sl livelus`y wge`k blenb tl sumg `knbtgs
tl hvlea aktkmteln tgrlubg tgk usk lf prlxy skrvkrs. (Ea.) Gk tglubgt Dr. Jkys whs bknuenk`y
ihff`ka iy h``kbhtelns gk mldprldeska tgk k-dhe` skrvkr. (Ea.) Yhtgkr, Mhutgkn vekwka Dr. Jkys
envl`vkdknt hs `ejk`y ln`y h olurnh`estem entkrkst. (Ea.)
I. MLDD[NEMHQELN IKQRKKN DKYMKY HNA DY. JKU] YKBHYAENBHNLNUDL[].
Ln Akmkdikr 89, 9383, usenb DhttgkwCshmtlwndkaeh.mld, Dr. Jkys sknt Dkrmkr hn k-dhe`.
(Hnarkws Hff. ht 86.) En tgk k-dhe`, Dr. Jkys sthtka gk gha enfe`trhtka tgk brlup Hnlnydlus,9hna
9Hnarkws hffeahvet alks nlt k`hilrhtk ln wgl lr wght tgk brlup Hnlnydlus es. H prlpkr trkhtdknt wlu`a rkquerk vl`udks
iut flr tgk purplsks lf tges Dlteln et suffemks tl aksmreik Hnlnydlus hs hn enflrdh` entkrnhtelnh` ml``kmtevk lf aebeth`
hmtevests. Qgky hrk jnlwn flr tgk gebg-prlfe`k ghmjtevest (h plrtdhntkhu lf ghmjkr hna hmtevest) hmtelns lf sldk lf tgk
dkdikrs.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 83 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
11/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk ;
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
tl`a Dkrmkr gk gha hmmkss tl futurk Hnlnydlus lpkrhtelns, enm`uaenb hbhenst tgk @ls Hnbk`ks Qedks.
(Ea.)
Hrluna tgk shdk tedk, Dkrmkr hna Dr. Jkys spljk iy pglnk. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 82.)
Hmmlraenb tl Dkrmkr, Dr. Jkys m`hedka gk gha hmmkss tl h prevhtk mght rlld wetg 8; gebg`y sje``ka
ghmjkrs hffe`ehtka wetg Hnlnydlus. (Ea.) Dkrmkr mlnfrlntka Dr. Jkys hilut tgk suspemelus k-dhe`s
aesmusska hilvk, hna Dr. Jkys akneka hny envl`vkdknt. (Ea.)
M. ENQKYNH@ ENVK]QEBHQELN LF QGK AKMKDIKY 81, 9383 KAEQ] QL QGK@L] HNBK@K] QEDK] RKI]EQK.
Hnarkws hffeahvet sthtks tght ihska ln hn entkrnh` envkstebhteln, tgk pkrsln wgl h`tkrka tgk @ls
Hnbk`ks Qedks gkha`enk uska Qreiunk MD] hmmlunts Hnln89=1 hna Hrskfhmk. (Hnarkws Hff. ht
87.) Hna h Qreiunk kdp`lykk liskrvka h uskr nhdka sghrpek thjenb mrkaet flr tgk kaets en sldk
Hnlnydlus EYM mghnnk`s. (Ea.)
A. DY. JKU] S[I@E]GKA HYQEM@K] HMJNLR@KABENB HMMK]] QL QLS@KVK@ GHMJKY][]ENB QGK NHDK HK]Mrhmjka.
En Dhrmg hna Ounk 9388, Dr. Jkys pui`esgka hrtem`ks ln ges wkisetk, prlaumkrdhttgkw.mld,
hmjnlw`kabenb tght gk gha hmmkss tl tgk prevhtk entkrnktfkas mghtrlld, tght gk gha prlveaka tgk
Bhwjkr wkisetk (bhwjkr.mld) wetg lnk lf alzkns lf `lbs thjkn aurenb tght hmmkss, tght gk gha
eakntefeka gedsk`f hs h olurnh`est, hna tght gk gha liskrvka tgk nltlrelus ]hiu en tgk mghtrlld.
(Hnarkws Hff. ht 85-93.) Dr. Jkys h`sl hmjnlw`kabka prlveaenb smrkknsglts tl Shrdy L`sln, hutglr
lf Rk Hrk HnlnydlusZ@ett`k, Irlwn hna Ml, 9389T. (Ea.ht 92-97.)
Ln Dhrmg 6, 9388, Dr. Jkys pui`esgka h smrkknsglt lf ges phrtemephteln en tgk mghtrlld.
(Hnarkws Hff. ht 98.) Qwl edhbks lf tges smrkknsglt hrk htthmgka hs kxgeiets tl Hnarkws hffeahvet.
(]kk ea.) Qgk smrkknsglt sglws Ml``lquy, h mght prlbrhd, en h mghtrlld. (Ea.) H`tglubg Dr. Jkys
uskrnhdk whs dlst`y i`urrka, tgk smrkknsglt hppkhrs tl sglw tght et knaka wetg h a hna tght hnltgkr
uskr rkfkrrka tl tgk uskrnhdk hs HK]. (Ea.)
K. MGHQ @LB] ]KE_KA A[YENB LQGKY ENVK]QEBHQELN].En Akmkdikr 9388, envkstebhtlrs aesmlvkrka h mght `lb skezka pursuhnt tl h skhrmg whrrhnt en
wgemg tgk uskrnhdk Jhy`h kxprkssks h ik`ekf tght Dr. Jkys whs HK]Mrhmjka. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 99.)
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 88 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
12/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 6
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
Jhy`h h`sl wrltk, `l` gks nlt sl ennlmknt hna wk ghvk `lbs lf ged tll, gk whs tgk lnk wgl bhvk us
phsswlras flr tgk @H tedks, flx13 hna sldk ltgkrs, gk gha supkruskr ln h `lt lf dkaeh.
Hrluna tgk shdk tedk, Hnarkws aesmlvkrka `lbs lithenka aurenb h aeffkrknt skhrmg lf aebeth`
dkaeh ik`lnbenb tl h pkrsln h``kbka tl ghvk uska tgk nhdk Lwkn hna Elwh. (Hnarkws Hff. ht
9=.) En tgksk `lbs, HK]Mrhmjka shys, ed nlt h ghmjkr. ZT ed hn kx-kdp`lykk . . . uskr? hnln89=1
ZT phss? mlddln9 ZT bl fumj sldk sget up! (Ea.) Qges uskrnhdk/phsswlra mldienhteln h``kbka`y
brhntka hmmkss tl tgk Qreiunk Mldphny MD]. (Ea.ht 91.) Ltgkr `lbs frld tges skezurk, htthmgka tl tgk
hffeahvet hs Kxgeiet M, subbkst tght (h) HK]Mrhmjka hsjka ef hnylnk whs entkrkstka en akfhmenb tgk @H
Qedks: (i) HK]Mrhmjka m`hedka tl ik hn kx-kdp`lykk: (m) HK]Mrhmjka hsjka ef hnylnk whntka tl
purmghsk hn k-dhe` `est: hna (1) HK]Mrhmjka aea h`` tges en tgk entkrnktfkashna Lpkrhteln Shyihmj
mghtrllds. (Ea.)
F. LQGKY ES HAAYK]] ENFLYDHQELN.Hnarkws hffeahvet sthtks tght ht hn unspkmefeka ahtk hna tedk en Ohnuhry 9388 HK]Mrhmjka uska
ES haarkss 27.895.993.16 tl mlnnkmt tl h mghnnk` ln tgk HnlnLps mght skrvkr. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 9;.)
Qges haarkss whs tgk lnk uska iy tgk sknakr lf hn k-dhe` frld flxdu`akr1355Cyhgll.ml.uj tl Flx
13 hs aksmreika . . . hilvk. (Ea.) Ln Ohnuhry ;, 9388, sglrt`y hftkr HK]Mrhmjka whs ihnnka frld tgk
shdk skrvkr, H9]Mrhmjka mlnnkmtka usenb ES haarkss 2;.;=.828.931, wgemg whs h``kbka`y rkbestkrka
tl Dr. Jkys ht tgk tedk. (Ea.ht 9;.)
B. O[]QEFEMHQELN FLY QGK IYKHAQG LF QGK ]KHYMG.Htthmgdknt I tl tgk whrrhnt hpp`emhteln prlveaks h ile`krp`htk `est lf tgk etkds Hnarkws slubgt
tl skhrmg, mlpy, edhbk hna skezk?
h. Hny mldputkr kquepdknt lr aebeth` akvemks ik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR JKU] tght hrkmhphi`k lf ikenb uska tl mlddet tgk ]pkmefeka Fkakrh` Lffknsks, lr tl mrkhtk, hmmkss,
lr stlrk kveaknmk, lr enstrudknth`eteks lf sumg mredks, hs skt flrtg en Htthmgdknt I:
i. Hny mldputkr kquepdknt lr aebeth` akvemks ik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR JKU] uska tlfhme`ethtk tgk trhnsdesseln, mrkhteln, aesp`hy, knmlaenb, lr stlrhbk lf ahth, enm`uaenb
wlra prlmkssenb kquepdknt, dlakds, almjenb sthtelns, dlnetlrs, prentkrs, p`lttkrs,
knmrypteln akvemks, hna lptemh` smhnnkrs tght ik`lnb tl JKU] hna hrk mhphi`k lf
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 89 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
13/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 2
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
ikenb uska tl mlddet lr furtgkr tgk mredks lut`enka hilvk, lr tl mrkhtk, hmmkss,
prlmkss, lr stlrk kveaknmk hna enstrudknth`eteks lf sumg mredks, hs skt flrtg en
Htthmgdknt I:
m. Hny dhbnktem, k`kmtrlnem, lr lptemh` stlrhbk akvemk mhphi`k lf stlrenb ahth, sumg hsf`lppy aesjs, ghra aesjs, thpks, MA-YLDs, MA-Ys, MA-YRs, AVAs, lptemh` aesjs,
prentkr lr dkdlry iuffkrs, sdhrt mhras, SM mhras, dkdlry mh`mu`htlrs, k`kmtrlnem
aeh`krs, k`kmtrlnem nltkilljs, pkrslnh` aebeth` hssesthnts, hna mk`` pglnks ik`lnbenb tl
DHQQGKR JKU] tght hrk mhphi`k lf ikenb uska tl mlddet lr furtgkr tgk mredks
lut`enka hilvk, lr tl mrkhtk, hmmkss, lr stlrk kveaknmk hna enstrudknth`eteks lf sumg
mredks, hs skt flrtg en Htthmgdknt I:
a. Hny almudknthteln, lpkrhtenb `lbs, hna rkfkrknmk dhnuh`s rkbhraenb tgk lpkrhteln lftgk mldputkr kquepdknt, stlrhbk akvemks, lr slftwhrk ik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR
JKU]:
k. Hny hpp`emhtelns, ute`ety prlbrhds, mldpe`krs, entkrprktkrs, hna ltgkr slftwhrkik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR JKU] uska tl fhme`ethtk aerkmt lr enaerkmt mlddunemhteln
wetg tgk mldputkr ghrawhrk, stlrhbk akvemks, lr ahth ik`lnbenb tl JKU] tl ik
skhrmgka:
f. Hny pgysemh` jkys, knmrypteln akvemks, alnb`ks, lr sede`hr pgysemh` etkds ik`lnbenbtl DHQQGKR JKU] wgemg hrk nkmksshry tl bhen hmmkss tl JKU]s mldputkr
kquepdknt, stlrhbk akvemks, lr ahth:
b. Hny phsswlras, phsswlra fe`ks, tkst jkys, knmrypteln mlaks, lr ltgkr enflrdhtelnik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR JKU] nkmksshry tl hmmkss tgk mldputkr kquepdknt,
stlrhbk akvemks, lr ahth: hna
g. H`` rkmlras, almudknts, prlbrhds, hpp`emhtelns, lr dhtkreh`s mrkhtka, dlaefeka, lrstlrka en hny flrd, enm`uaenb aebeth` flrd, ln hny mldputkr lr aebeth` akvemks
ik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR JKU], tght sglw tgk hmtuh` uskr(s) lf tgk mldputkrs lr
aebeth` akvemks aurenb hny tedk pkrela en wgemg tgk akvemk whs uska tl mlddet tgk
mredks rkfkrknmka hilvk, enm`uaenb tgk wki irlwskrs gestlry: tkdplrhry Entkrnkt
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 8= lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
14/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 7
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
fe`ks: mlljeks, illjdhrjka, lr fhvlretk wki phbks: kdhe` haarkssks uska frld tgk
mldputkr: DHM EAs hna/lr Entkrnkt Srltlml` haarkssks uska iy tgk mldputkr: kdhe`,
ensthnt dksshbks, hna ltgkr k`kmtrlnem mlddunemhtelns: haarkss illjs: mlnthmt `ests:
rkmlras lf slmeh` nktwlrjenb hna ln`enk skrvemk ushbk: hna slftwhrk tght wlu`a h``lw
ltgkrs tl mlntrl` tgk aebeth` akvemk sumg hs verusks, Qrlohn glrsks, hna ltgkr flrds lf
dh`emelus slftwhrk (lr h`tkrnhtevk`y, tgk `hmj lf slftwhrk tght wlu`a h``lw ltgkrs tl
mlntrl` tgk akvemk).
e. H`` rkmlras, almudknts, prlbrhds, hpp`emhtelns, lr dhtkreh`s mrkhtka, dlaefeka, lrstlrka en hny flrd, enm`uaenb aebeth` flrd, ln hny mldputkr lr aebeth` akvemk
ik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR JKU], tght sglw kveaknmk lf mluntkr-flrknsem prlbrhds
(hna hsslmehtka ahth) tght hrk aksebnka tl k`edenhtk ahth frld tgk mldputkr lr aebeth`
akvemk.
o. H`` rkmlras, almudknts, prlbrhds, hpp`emhtelns, lr dhtkreh`s mrkhtka, dlaefeka, lrstlrka en hny flrd, enm`uaenb en aebeth` flrd, ln hny mldputkr lr aebeth` akvemk
ik`lnbenb tl DHQQGKR JKU], tght sglw mlntkxtuh` enflrdhteln nkmksshry tl
unakrsthna tgk kveaknmk, mlntrhihna, fruets, lr enstrudknth`eteks aksmreika en
Htthmgdknt I.
(]kk Akf.s Kx. H, Htthmgdknt I.) Hnarkws lffkrka tgk fl` lwenb ile`krp`htk oustefemhteln flr tges irlha
skezurk?
h. ]khrmgenb mldputkr systkds es h gebg`y tkmgnemh` prlmkss wgemg rkquerks spkmefemkxpkrtesk hna spkmeh`ezka kquepdknt. Qgkrk hrk sl dhny typks lf mldputkr ghrawhrk
hna slftwhrk en usk tlahy tght et es edplssei`k tl irenb tl tgk skhrmg setk h`` lf tgk
nkmksshry tkmgnemh` dhnuh`s hna spkmeh`ezka kquepdknt nkmksshry tl mlnaumt h
tglrlubg skhrmg. En haaeteln et dhy h`sl ik nkmksshry tl mlnsu`t wetg mldputkr
pkrslnnk` wgl ghvk spkmefem kxpkrtesk en tgk typk lf mldputkr, slftwhrk hpp`emhteln
lr lpkrhtenb systkd tght es ikenb skhrmgka.
i. ]khrmgenb mldputkr systkds rkquerks tgk usk lf prkmesk, smekntefem prlmkaurks wgemghrk aksebnka tl dhenthen tgk entkbrety lf tgk kveaknmk hna tl rkmlvkr geaakn, krhska,
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 81 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
15/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 5
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
mldprksska, knmryptka lr phsswlra-prltkmtka ahth. Mldputkr ghrawhrk hna stlrhbk
akvemks dhy mlnthen illiy trhps tght akstrly lr h`tkr ahth ef mkrthen prlmkaurks hrk
nlt smrupu`lus`y fl``lwka. ]enmk mldputkr ahth es phrtemu`hr`y vu`nkrhi`k tl
enhavkrtknt lr entkntelnh` dlaefemhteln lr akstrumteln, h mlntrl``ka knverlndknt, sumg
hs h `hw knflrmkdknt `hilrhtlry, es kssknteh` tl mlnaumtenb h mldp`ktk hna hmmurhtk
hnh`yses lf tgk kquepdknt hna stlrhbk akvemks frld wgemg tgk ahth we`` ik kxtrhmtka.
m. Qgk vl`udk lf ahth stlrka ln dhny mldputkr systkds hna stlrhbk akvemks we``typemh``y ik sl `hrbk tght et we`` ik gebg`y edprhmtemh` tl skhrmg flr ahth aurenb tgk
kxkmuteln lf tgk pgysemh` skhrmg lf tgk prkdesks. H senb`k dkbhiytk lf stlrhbk sphmk
es tgk kquevh`knt lf ;33 alui`k-sphmka phbks lf tkxt. H senb`k bebhiytk lf stlrhbk
sphmk, lr 8,333 dkbhiytks, es tgk kquevh`knt lf ;33,333 alui`k-sphmka phbks lf tkxt.
]tlrhbk akvemks mhphi`k lf stlrenb ;33 bebhiytks (BI) lf ahth hrk nlw mlddlnp`hmk
en aksjtlp mldputkrs. Mlnskquknt`y, khmg nln-nktwlrjka, aksjtlp mldputkr fluna
aurenb h skhrmg mhn khse`y mlnthen tgk kquevh`knt lf 9;3 de``eln phbks lf ahth, wgemg,
ef prentka lut, wlu`a rksu`t en h sthmj lf phpkr lvkr tkn de`ks gebg. Furtgkr, h ;33 BI
arevk mlu`a mlnthen hs dhny hs hpprlxedhtk`y 9;3 fu`` run dlveks lr 1;3,333 slnbs.
a. Mldputkr uskrs mhn httkdpt tl mlnmkh` ahth wetgen mldputkr kquepdknt hna stlrhbkakvemks tgrlubg h nudikr lf dktglas, enm`uaenb tgk usk lf ennlmulus lr des`khaenb
fe`knhdks hna kxtknselns. Flr kxhdp`k, fe`ks wetg tgk kxtknseln .opb lftkn hrk
edhbk fe`ks: glwkvkr, h uskr mhn khse`y mghnbk tgk kxtknseln tl .txt. tl mlnmkh` tgk
edhbk hna dhjk et hppkhr tght tgk fe`k mlnthens tkxt. Mldputkr uskrs mhn h`sl httkdpt
tl mlnmkh` ahth iy usenb knmrypteln, wgemg dkhns tght h phsswlra lr akvemk, sumg hs h
alnb`k lr jkymhra, es nkmksshry tl akmrypt tgk ahth entl rkhahi`k flrd. En
haaeteln, mldputkr uskrs mhn mlnmkh` ahth wetgen hnltgkr skkdenb`y unrk`htka hna
ennlmulus fe`k en h prlmkss mh``ka stknlbrhpgy. Flr kxhdp`k, iy usenb stknlbrhpgy
h mldputkr uskr mhn mlnmkh` tkxt en hn edhbk fe`k wgemg mhnnlt ik vekwka wgkn tgk
edhbk fe`k es lpknka. Qgkrkflrk, h suisthnteh` hdlunt lf tedk es nkmksshry tl kxtrhmt
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 8; lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
16/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 83
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
hna slrt tgrlubg tgk ahth tght es mlnmkh`ka lr knmryptka tl aktkrdenk wgktgkr et es
kveaknmk, mlntrhihna, lr enstrudknth`eteks lf h mredk.
(Hnarkws Hff. ht =2.) En `ebgt lf tgksk mlnmkrns, Hnarkws rkqukstka pkrdesseln tl skhrmg, mlpy,
edhbk hna skezk tgk mldputkr ghrawhrk (hna hsslmehtka pkrepgkrh`s) tght hrk ik`ekvka tl mlnthen sldk lr
h`` lf tgk kveaknmk aksmreika en tges whrrhnt, hna tl mlnaumt hn lff-setk skhrmg lf tgk edhbk . . . . (Ea.ht
=7, =7a.)
EE. KWKM[QELN LF QGK RHYYHNQ.Ln Lmtlikr 1, 9389, hbknts mlnaumtka tgk skezurk hutglrezka iy tgk whrrhnt ht Dr. Jkys
rkseaknmk. Qgk hbknts skezka lnk `hptlp mldputkr hna twl kxtkrnh` ghra arevks. Qgky h`sl tllj h
nudikr lf pgltlbrhpgs hna mlnaumtka h rkmlraka entkrvekw lf Dr. Jkys.
Ht hilut 8?=3 hd tgk nebgt ikflrk tgk kxkmuteln lf tgk skhrmg whrrhnt, Dr. Jkys htk h snhmj hna
tllj twl ;3 db alsks lf Qrhzlalnk, h`sl jnlwn hs Aksyrk`, hn hnte-akprksshnt lftkn prksmreika tl
enaumk s`kkp. (Akm`. lf Dhttgkw Jkys (Jkys Akm`.) ht =, 1:skk h`slAkm`. lf Ar. Ihrry Mlbkn
(Mlbkn Akm`.)ht 1.) Qgk mlddln seak kffkmts lf Qrhzlalnk enm`uak mlnfuseln, fhtebuk, hna
nkrvlusnkss. (Mlbkn Akm`. ht 2.) Dr. Jkys fk`` hs`kkp iktwkkn 9?33 hna 9?=3 hd. (Jkys. Akm`. ht
;.) Hwljkn ikflrk 6?33 frld h akkp s`kkpiy fkakrh` hbknts, gk whs arlwsy, mlnfuska hna
flrbktfu`. (Ea.ht 2, 5.) Hbknts knmlurhbka hna lithenka wrettkn hna lrh` sthtkdknts frld Dr. Jkys,
akspetk tgk fhmt tght Dr. Jkys gha kxprksska mlnmkrns hilut ges sthtk lf dena. (Ea.ht 7.)
HYB[DKNQ
E. QGK ]KHYMG RHYYHNQ H[QGLYE_KA HN LVKYIYLHA BKNKYH@ ]KHYMG LFH@@ LF DY. JKU] K@KMQYLNEM DKAEH.
Iy pkrdettenb tgk skezurk lf kvkry mlnmkevhi`k typk lf k`kmtrlnem dkaeh, tgk Lmtlikr =, 9389
skhrmg whrrhnt whs unmlnstetutelnh``y lvkrirlha hna tgk dlakrn kquevh`knt lf h bknkrh` whrrhnt. Et es
fhde`ehr gestlry tght enaesmredenhtk skhrmgks hna skezurks mlnaumtka unakr tgk hutglrety lf bknkrh`
whrrhntswkrk tgk eddkaehtk kve`s tght dltevhtka tgk frhdenb hna halpteln lf tgk Flurtg Hdknadknt.
Shytln v. Nkw Ulrj, 11; [.]. ;2=, ;7= (8573): skk h`sl Mll`eabk v. Nkw Ghdpsgerk, 139 [.]. 11=, 162
(8528) (tgk spkmefem kve` .. . higlrrka iy tgk ml`lnests . . . es nlt tght lf entruselnpkr sk, iut lf h
bknkrh`, kxp`lrhtlry ruddhbenb en h pkrslns ik`lnbenbs). Ql prkvknt tgk hiusk lf sumg enaesmredenhtk
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 86 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
17/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 88
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
ruddhbenb, tgk Flurtg Hdknadknt rkquerks khmg whrrhnt tl phrtemu`hr`y aksmreiZkT tgk p`hmk tl ik
skhrmgka, hna tgk pkrslns lr tgenbs tl ik skezka. [.]. Mlnst. hdkna. EV. Qght es, skhrmg whrrhnts dust
ik spkmefem. [netka ]thtks v. Qlwnk, 552 F.9a ;=2, ;11 (5tg Mer. 855=). ]pkmefemety ghs twl hspkmts?
phrtemu`hrety hna irkhatg. Ea.(qultenbEn rk Brhna Oury ]uiplknhs Ahtka Akmkdikr 83, 8572, 596
F.9a 712, 7;6-;2 (5tg Mer. 8558)). Nlt ln`y dust h whrrhnt m`khr`y sthtk wght es slubgt,iut ets smlpk
dust h`sl ik `edetka iy tgk prlihi`k mhusk ln wgemg tgk whrrhnt es ihska. Ea.(shdk).
Qgk Flurtg Hdknadknts spkmefemety rkquerkdknts dhjk mldputkr skhrmgks kspkmeh``y aeffemu`t.
Ln lnk ghna, mldputkrs hrk phrtemu`hr`y vu`nkrhi`k tl bknkrh` ruddhbenb. H senb`k mldputkr, ghra
aesj, lr []I arevk dhy mlnthen enflrdhteln hilut kvkry hspkmt lf h pkrslns `efk. Kvkn mgkhp stlrhbk
dkaeh mhn stlrk de``elns lf phbks lf enflrdhteln, pkrslnh` pemturks, hna entedhtk akthe`s lf lnks `efk.
Dlrklvkr, tgk mlntknt lf h mldputkr fe`k dhy nlt ik livelus wetglut lpknenb tgk fe`k etsk`f. Qgk
blvkrndknts enhie`ety tl aktkrdenk wgktgkr h fe`k es mlnmkh`ka, mldprksska, krhska, lr illiy-trhppka
wetglut kxhdenenb et mrkhtks h plwkrfu` enmkntevk tl skezk dlrk rhtgkr tghn `kss? .. . @kts thjk
kvkrytgenb ihmj tl tgk `hi, ghvk h blla `llj hrluna hna skk wght wk debgt studi`k ln. [netka ]thtks
v. Mldprkgknsevk Arub Qkstenb, Enm., 698 F.=a 8869, 8823-28 (5tg Mer. 9383) (kn ihnm) (pkr murehd)
(MAQ EEE). Qgk vkry nhturk lf mldputkr skhrmgks rhesks tgk ldenlus spkmtkr lf bknkrh` whrrhnts.
Ln tgk ltgkr ghna, et dhy ik aeffemu`t flr hn lffemkr hpp`yenb flr h skhrmg whrrhnt tl ik vkry
spkmefem. Glw dhny mldputkrs lr stlrhbk akvemks alks tgk suspkmt plsskss< Hna wgemg lnks hrk ejk`y
tl mlnthen kveaknmk< Aea tgk suspkmt usk h `hptlp mldputkr, h thi`kt, lr h sdhrtpglnk< Furtgkr, tgk
tkmgnemh` hspkmts lf mldputkr skhrmgks mhn ik mldp`emhtka. ]lrtenb tgrlubg bebhiytks lf enflrdhteln
thjks tedk. Enflrdhteln dhy ik knmryptka lr ltgkrwesk unrkhahi`k. En rhrk ensthnmks, sldk ghrawhrk lr
slftwhrk dhy mlnthen illiy trhps tght akstrly lr h`tkr ahth ef mkrthen prlmkaurks hrk nlt smrupu`lus`y
fl``lwka. Hs sumg, mlurts ghvk rkmlbnezka h `kbetedhtk nkka tl smllp up `hrbk quhnteteks lf ahth, hna
seft tgrlubg et mhrkfu``y flr mlnmkh`ka lr aesbueska pekmks lf kveaknmk . . . . MAQ EEE, 698 F.=a ht 8826.
Qges nkka, glwkvkr, alks nlt yek`a tl tgk Flurtg Hdknadknt.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 82 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
18/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 89
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
H. EN LYAKY QL MLNA[MQ RGL@K]H@K ]KE_[YK] LF K@KMQYLNEMDKAEH, QGK BLVKYNDKNQ D[]Q SYK]KNQ H FHMQ[H@ IH]E] FLY
ALENB ]L, EQ D[]Q FL@@LR H ]KBYKBHQELN SYLQLML@ FLY
EAKNQEFUENB YK@KVHNQ ENFLYDHQELN, HNA EQ D[]Q YKQ[YN
EYYK@KVHNQ ENFLYDHQELN.
Ql prkvknt kvkry whrrhnt hutglrezenb h mldputkr skhrmg frld funmtelnenb hs h bknkrh` whrrhnt,
tgk Nentg Mermuet rkquerks sumg whrrhnts fl``lw h nudikr lf ru`ks? (8) tgk blvkrndknt dust prlveak h
fhmtuh` oustefemhteln flr h irlha skhrmg hna skezurk lf tgk mldputkr: (9) tgk skhrmg dust ik dlnetlrka iy
h nkutrh`, akthmgka dhbestrhtk: (=) tgk blvkrndknt dust skh` hna gl`a almudknts pknaenb ouaemeh`
hpprlvh` lf h furtgkr skhrmg: (1) `hrbk-smh`k rkdlvh` es ln`y hpprlprehtk wgkrk ln-setk slrtenb es
enfkhsei`k hna nl tgkrk es nl prhmtemh` h`tkrnhtevk: (;) tgk blvkrndknt dust prldpt`y rkturn almudknts
lutseak tgk smlpk lf tgk skhrmg.
Qgksk ru`ks ghvk tgker rllts en h mhsk akmeaka ikflrk mldputkrs wkrk mlddlnp`hmk. En [netka
]thtks v. Qhdurh, 651 F.9a ;58 (5tg Mer. 8579), tgk FIE skrvka h whrrhnt ln h iusenkss hmmluntenb
akphrtdknt flr spkmefem rkmlras. Rgkn tgk iusenkss kdp`lykks rkfuska tl gk`p tgk hbknts `lmhtk tgk
spkmefem rkmlras tgk whrrhnt hutglrezka tgkd tl skezk, tgk hbknts skezka h`` lf tgk rkmlras flr tgk ykhrs en
quksteln. Ea.ht ;51-5;. Akspetk thjenb `hrbk quhnteteks lf almudknts nlt aksmreika en tgk whrrhnt, tgk
blvkrndknt hrbuka tgk skhrmg whs nkvkrtgk`kss rkhslnhi`k ikmhusk tgk almudknts wkrk entkrdenb`ka
hna et whs aeffemu`t tl skphrhtk tgk aksmreika almudknts frld tgk errk`kvhnt lnks. Ea.ht ;5;. Qgk mlurt
rkokmtka tges hrbudknt?
Et es truk tght h`` etkds en h skt lf fe`ks dhy ik enspkmtka aurenb h skhrmg, prlveaka tghtsuffemeknt`y spkmefem bueak`enks flr eakntefyenb tgk almudknts slubgt hrk prlveaka en tgkskhrmg whrrhnt hna hrk fl``lwka iy tgk lffemkrs mlnaumtenb tgk skhrmg. Glwkvkr, tgkwgl`ksh`kskezurkflr `htkr akthe`ka kxhdenhteln lf rkmlras nlt aksmreika en h whrrhnt essebnefemhnt`y dlrk entrusevk, hna ghs ikkn mghrhmtkrezka hs tgk jena lf envkstebhtlryarhbnkt tght tgk flurtg hdknadknt whs aksebnka tl prkvknt. Rk mhnnlt shnmteln tgk
prlmkaurk fl``lwka iy tgk Blvkrndknt en tges mhsk.
Ea.(kdpghses en lrebenh`) (entkrnh` flltnltk hna methtelns ldettka).
Qgk Qhdurhmlurt prlveaka bueahnmk flr tgk mldphrhtevk`y rhrk tedks wgkn enflrdhteln
mhnnlt fkhsei`y ik slrtka ln setk. Qhdurh, 651 F.9a ht ;5;-56. Qgk blvkrndknt sglu`a skh` hna gl`a
tgk almudknts pknaenb ouaemeh` hpprlvh` flr h furtgkr skhrmg. Ea. H dhbestrhtk sglu`a brhnt prelr
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 87 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
19/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 8=
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
hpprlvh` flr `hrbk-smh`k rkdlvh` lf dhtkreh` . . . ln`y wgkrk ln-setk slrtenb es enfkhsei`k hna nl ltgkr
prhmtemh` h`tkrnhtevk kxests.Ea.ht 565 (kdpghses haaka). Qgk kssknteh` shfkbuhra rkquerka es tght
wgl`ksh`k rkdlvh` dust ik dlnetlrka iy tgk ouabdknt lf h nkutrh`, akthmgka dhbestrhtk. Ea.(flltnltk
ldettka). H`tglubg sumg wgl`ksh`k skezurks dhy ik dlrk mlnvkneknt wetglut ouaemeh` phrtemephteln, tgky
hrk nlt rkhslnhi`k. Ea. Dlrklvkr, tgk blvkrndknt dust rkturn lut-lf-smlpk almudknts hftkr
skbrkbhteln? hny unnkmksshry ak`hy dhy rksu`t en hn unrkhslnhi`k hna tgkrkflrk unmlnstetutelnh`
dhnnkr lf kxkmutenb tgk whrrhnt. Ea.ht ;52.
Nkhr`y twknty-fevk ykhrs `htkr, en [netka ]thtks v. Ge``, 1;5 F.=a 566, 52= (5tg Mer. 9336), tgk
Nentg Mermuet rkvesetka Qhdurhen tgk mlntkxt lf h irlha skezurk lf h`` mldputkr dkaeh.
Hmjnlw`kabenb sebnefemhnt prli`kds engkrknt en mldputkr skhrmgks, tgk mlurt nkvkrtgk`kss rkfuska tl
bevk tgk blvkrndknt hn hutldhtem i`hnj mgkmj flr irlha mldputkr skhrmgks hna skezurks. Ea.ht 521-
2;. Yhtgkr, tl oustefy h wgl`ksh`k skezurk lf k`kmtrlnem dkaeh, tgk blvkrndknt dust ste`` akdlnstrhtk tl
tgk dhbestrhtkfhmtuh``ywgy sumg h irlha skhrmg hna skezurk hutglrety es rkhslnhi`k en tgk mhsk ht ghna.
Ea.ht 52; (kdpghses en lrebenh`). Qgk mlurt rkmlbnezka tght en sldk mhsks, tgk blvkrndknt we`` ghvk nl
ihses flr ik`ekvenb tgky we`` hmtuh``y knmluntkr tgk jena lf tkmgnl`lbemh` prli`kds tght wlu`a dhjk hn
eddkaehtk lnsetk skhrmg hna sk`kmtevk rkdlvh` lf rk`kvhnt kveaknmk edprhmtemhi`k. Ea. Ql bevk tkktg tl
tges prkfkrknmk flr lnsetk skhrmgks lvkr wgl`ksh`k skezurk,Ge``rkquerks sldk tgrksgl`a sglwenb ikflrk
tgk blvkrndknt dhy skezk tgkghysthmj tl `llj flr tgk nkka`k. Ea.
Dlst rkmknt`y, en MAQ EEE, 698 F.=a 8869, hn kn ihnm phnk` lf tgk Nentg Mermuet hbhen hpp`eka
Qhdurhs`lbem tl mldputkr skhrmgks. Qgk plent lf Qhdurhprlmkaurks es tl dhenthen tgk prevhmy lf
dhtkreh`s tght hrk entkrdenb`ka wetg skezhi`k dhtkreh`s, hna tl hvlea turnenb h `edetka skhrmg flr
phrtemu`hr enflrdhteln entl h bknkrh` skhrmg . . . . Ea.ht 8823. Rge`k tgk blvkrndknt ghs h `kbetedhtk
nkka flr irlha mldputkr skhrmgks, tght nkka mrkhtks h skrelus resj tght kvkry whrrhnt flr k`kmtrlnem
enflrdhteln we`` ikmldk, en kffkmt, h bknkrh` whrrhnt, rknakrenb tgk Flurtg Hdknadknt errk`kvhnt. Ea.
ht 8826. Qlih`hnmk tgk nkkas lf `hw knflrmkdknt wetg tgk prevhmy ht tgk gkhrt lf tgk Flurtg
Hdknadknt,tgk kn ihnm phnk`s pkr murehd lpeneln knalrskaQhdurhhs h wlrjhi`k frhdkwlrj. Ea.
ht 8822.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 85 lf =8
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8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
20/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 81
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
Gkrk, tgk blvkrndknt fhe`ka tl fl``lw tgkNentg Mermuetsprkmkaknts en Qhdurh,Ge``, hna MAQ
EEE. Qgk wgl`ksh`k skezurk lf Dr. Jkys k`kmtrlnem dkaeh whs nlt dlnetlrka iy h nkutrh`, akthmgka
dhbestrhtk. Nlr aea tgk blvkrndknt thjk hny prkmhutelnhry dkhsurks tl prkvknt h bknkrh` skhrmg.
Yhtgkr tgk blvkrndknt skezka kvkrytgenb sl tgky mlu`a ruddhbk en Dr. Jkys pkrslnh` hna prlfksselnh`
`efk ht tgker `kesurk. Qgk hbknts aea nlt rkturn hny errk kvhnt almudknts lr ahth tl Dr. Jkys unte` mlunsk`
rkmkevka aesmlvkry. Qgksk fhe`urks vel`htka tgk prltkmtevk dkhsurks rkquerka iy Qhdurhhna MAQ EEE.
Furtgkrdlrk, Hnarkwsile`krp`htk hffeahvet aksmreiks tgk aeffemu`ty lf mldputkr skhrmgks en
bknkrh` tkrds, rhtgkr tghn en spkmefem fhmtuh` tkrds tght hpp`y tl Dr. Jkys mhsk. Et prlveaks nl ihses tl
hntemephtk tgk nkka flr hny kxltem flrknsem kquepdknt lr spkmeh`ezka pkrslnnk`. Rlrsk, Hnarkws mhn
plent tl nl rkhsln tl ik`ekvk Dr. Jkys ahth wlu`a ik geaakn lrprltkmtka iy slpgestemhtka illiy trhps.
Yhtgkr, tgk kveaknmk en tgk hffeahvet subbksts Dr. Jkys whs h run-lf-tgk-de`` Dhm uskr wetglut hny
spkmeh` ghmjenb sje``s. Hna wge`k tgk ahth en dlakrn stlrhbk dkaeh es lftkn vl`udenlus, hna tgk
mlntknt lf h fe`k dhy nlt ik hpphrknt unte` et es lpknka, nketgkr lf tgksk fhmts kxp`hen wgy tgk FIE mglsk
tl skezk kvkrytgenb, rhtgkr tghn sedp`y mlpyenb tgk fe`ks. En sglrt, tgk hffeahvet fhe`s tl prlveak h fhmtuh`
ihses flr wgl`ksh`k skezurk en tges mhsk, hsGe``rkquerks.
I. QGK RHYYHNQ MLDS@KQK@U EBNLYK] MGEKF O[ABK JL_EN]JE]B[EAK@ENK] EN MLDSYKGKN]EVK AY[B QK]QENB EE E.
Dlrklvkr, tl hssest blvkrndknt hbknts pkrflrdenb mldputkr skhrmgks hna skezurks, Mgekf Ouabk
H`kx Jlzensjes fevk-ouabk mlnmurrknmk en Mldprkgknsevk Arub Qkstenb EEEprlveaks fevk mlnmrktk
bueak`enks, nlnk lf wgemg wkrk fl``lwka gkrk. Mgekf Ouabk Jlzensjes bueak`enks hrk ihska `hrbk`y ln
tgk rkhslnenb en tgk mlurts pkr murehd lpeneln. Rge`k nlt `hw,=tgky hrk entknaka tl prlveak tgk
blvkrndknt h shfk ghrilr, wge`k ht tgk shdk tedk prltkmtenb tgk vh`uks lf tgk Flurtg Hdknadknt.
MAQ EEE, 698 F.=a ht 8827 (Jlzensje, M.O., mlnmurrenb). En sglrt flrd, tgksk bueak`enks hrk?
=Mgekf Ouabk Jlzensjes bueak`enks wkrk lrebenh``y enm`uaka en tgk phnk`s dholrety lpeneln. ]kk [netka ]thtks v.
Mldprkgknsevk Arub Qkstenb, Enm., ;25 F.=a 575, 8331-32 (5tg Mer. 9335) (MAQ EE). Glwkvkr, tgk lpeneln whs
suiskquknt`y rkveska, hna tgk bueak`enks wkrk dlvka tl tgk p`urh`etys mlnmurrknmk. ]kk MAQ EEE, 698 F.=a ht 887= (Mh``hghn,
O., mlnmurrenb en phrt hna aesskntenb en phrt) (Qgk mlnmurrknmk es nlt olenka iy h dholrety lf tgk kn ihnm phnk` hna
hmmlraenb`y tgk subbkstka bueak`enks hrk nlt Nentg Mermuet `hw.).
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 93 lf =8
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8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
21/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 8;
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
8. Dhbestrhtk ouabks sglu`a ensest tght tgk blvkrndknt whevk rk`ehnmk upln tgk p`henvekw almtrenk en aebeth` kveaknmk mhsks.
9. ]kbrkbhteln hna rkahmteln lf k`kmtrlnem ahth dust ik alnk ketgkr iy spkmeh`ezkapkrslnnk` lr hn enakpknaknt tgera phrty. Ef tgk skbrkbhteln es tl ik alnk iy
blvkrndknt mldputkr pkrslnnk`, tgk blvkrndknt dust hbrkk en tgk whrrhnt
hpp`emhteln tght tgk mldputkr pkrslnnk` we`` nlt aesm`lsk tl tgk envkstebhtlrs hny
enflrdhteln ltgkr tghn tght wgemg es tgk thrbkt lf tgk whrrhnt.
=. Rhrrhnts hna suiplknhs dust aesm`lsk tgk hmtuh` resjs lf akstrumteln lf enflrdhtelnhs wk`` hs prelr kfflrts tl skezk tght enflrdhteln en ltgkr ouaemeh` flrh.
1. Qgk blvkrndknt's skhrmg prltlml` dust ik aksebnka tl unmlvkr ln`y tgk enflrdhtelnflr wgemg et ghs prlihi`k mhusk, hna ln`y tght enflrdhteln dhy ik kxhdenka iy tgk
mhsk hbknts.
;. Qgk blvkrndknt dust akstrly lr, ef tgk rkmepeknt dhy `hwfu``y plsskss et, rkturn nln-rksplnsevk ahth, jkkpenb tgk essuenb dhbestrhtk enflrdka hilut wgkn et ghs alnk sl
hna wght et ghs jkpt.
Ea.ht 8873 (shdk) (entkrnh` methtelns ldettka).
Qgk blvkrndknt ebnlrka tgksk bueak`enks. Ferst, nketgkr tgk blvkrndknt nlr tgk hutglrezenb
dhbestrhtk dhak hny dknteln lf tgk p`hen vekw almtrenk. H`tglubg Akfknahnt alks nlt kxpkmt tgk
blvkrndknt tl rk`y ln tgk p`hen vekw almtrenk en tges mhsk, tgk fhe`urk tl hmjnlw`kabk tgk s`eppkry s`lpk
lf k`kmtrlnem p`hen vekw akdlnstrhtks h aesrkbhra flr tgk bueak`enks. ]kmlna, tgk blvkrndknt aea nlt usk
spkmeh`ezka pkrslnnk` lr hn enakpknaknt tgera phrty tl skbrkbhtk rk`kvhnt frld errk`kvhnt ahth.
Enstkha, tgk blvkrndknt skezka h`` lf Dr. Jkys dkaeh hna rkdlvka et flr `kesurk`y ruddhbenb. Qgera,
tgk whrrhnt prlveaks nl phrtemu`hr ihses flr tgk mlnokmturk tght tgkrk debgt ik geaakn, knmryptka, lr
illiy-trhppka ahth. Hnarkws hffeahvet eakntefeka nl hmtuh` resjs lf enflrdhteln akstrumteln, hna nl
fhmtssupplrtenb tgk prlplseteln tght Dr. Jkys kquepdknt lr ahth dhy ghvk ikkn illiy-trhppka.
Enakka, et fhe`s tl oustefy hnytgenb dlrk entrusevk tghn p`ubbenb en hn kxtkrnh` []I arevk hna
mlpy/phstenb ahth. Flurtg, tgk whrrhnt mlnthens nl phrtemu`hr skhrmg prltlml`. Hs h rksu`t, tgk
blvkrndknts bknkrh`skhrmg hna skezurk swkpt up `hrbk vl`udks lf enflrdhteln wetglut prlihi`k mhusk.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 98 lf =8
-
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
22/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 86
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
Hna feftg, tgk blvkrndknt ghs jkpt h`` enflrdhteln et skezka. H`tglubg Dr. Jkys ghs rkmkevka h mlpy lf
ges lwn ahth, gk whs rkquerka tl prlveak ges lwn dkaeh. Nltgenb ghs ikkn rkturnka: enakka, tgk
enaemtdknt skkjs flrfketurk lf h`` k`kmtrlnem dkaeh skezka pursuhnt tl tgk whrrhnt, wetglut rkbhra flr ets
rk`kvhnmk.
En sud, tgk Lmtlikr =, 9389 whrrhnt en tges mhsk hutglrezka skezurk lf kvkry mlnmkevhi`k jena lf
k`kmtrlnem dkaeh, wetg nl phrtemu`hrezka skhrmg prltlml`s lr ltgkr shfkbuhras tl skbrkbhtk rk`kvhnt frld
errk`kvhnt enflrdhteln. Et hutglrezka tgk dlakrn kquevh`knt lf h bknkrh` skhrmg. Qgk whrrhnt whs
unmlnstetutelnh``y lvkrirlha, hna ets fruets dust ik supprksska.
EE. HQ QGK QEDK HNAYKR] HSS@EKA FLY QGK RHYYHNQ, QGK FHMQ]][SSLYQENB SYLIHI@K MH[]K QL IK@EKVK DY. JKU] SL]]K]]KA HNU
KVEAKNMK RKYK ]QH@K.
Hseak frld tgk lvkrirkhatg prli`kd, tgk fhmts en ]pkmeh` Hbknt Hnarkws supplrtenb hffeahvet
wkrk sedp`y tll sth`k tl supplrt tgk prlplseteln tght tgk Lmtlikr 1, 9389 skhrmg wlu`a turn up hny
kveaknmk lf wrlnbalenb. [nakr tgk sth`knkss almtrenk, hn hffeahvet supplrtenb h skhrmg whrrhnt dust
ik ihska ln fhmts sl m`lsk`y rk`htka tl tgk tedk lf tgk essuk lf tgk whrrhnt hs tl oustefy h fenaenb lf
prlihi`k mhusk ht tght tedk. [netka ]thtks v. @hmy, 885 F.=a 219, 21; (5tg Mer. 8552) (qultenbAurghd
v. [netka ]thtks, 13= F.9a 853, 85= (5tg Mer. 8567):]brl v. [netka ]thtks, 972 [.]. 936, 983, ;= ].Mt.
8=7, 813 (85=9))(kdpghses haaka) (entkrnh` qulthteln dhrjs ldettka). ]th`knkss es kvh`uhtka en `ebgt
lf tgk phrtemu`hr fhmts lf tgk mhsk hna tgk nhturk lf tgk mredenh` hmtevety hna prlpkrty slubgt. [netka
]thtks v. Brkhny, 595 F.9a ;9=, ;9; (5tg Mer. 8558). Qgus, wge`k h sebnefemhnt bhp en tedk mhn aedenesg
tgk prlihie`ety tght tgk kveaknmk we`` ik unmlvkrka en tgk skhrmg, skk [netka ]thtks v. Brhnt, 679 F.=a
792, 7=; (5tg Mer. 9389), tgk dkrk `hpsk lf suisthnteh` hdlunts lf tedk es nlt mlntrl``enb en h quksteln
lf sth`knkss. [netka ]thtks v. Alzekr, 711 F.9a 238, 232 (5tg Mer. 8577). Enstkha, tgk whrrhnt sglu`a ik
upgk`a ef tgkrk es h suffemeknt ihses tl ik`ekvk, ihska ln h mlntenuenb phttkrn lrltgkr blla rkhslns, tght
tgk etkds tl ik skezka hrk ste`` ln tgk prkdesks. [netka ]thtks v. Bhnn, 2=9 F.9a 281, 299 (5tg Mer.
8571). Rgkrk tgk kveaknmk slubgt es lf hn lnblenb mredenh` iusenkss lf h nkmksshre`y `lnb-tkrd nhturk
. . . rhtgkr tghn tght lf h mldp`ktka hmt, brkhtkr `hpsks lf tedk hrk pkrdettka . . . . Brkhny, 595 F.9a ht
;9;.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 99 lf =8
http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9489932947034523173&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9489932947034523173&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9489932947034523173&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9489932947034523173&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17637570021889456427&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17637570021889456427&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17637570021889456427&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17637570021889456427&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17637570021889456427&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17637570021889456427&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9489932947034523173&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9489932947034523173&q=omission&hl=en&as_sdt=4,60,72,73,78,79,80,86,88,93,114,129,134,135,141,142,143,149,151,156,258,259,260,261,310,311,321,322,323,324,373,374,383&as_ylo=2009 -
8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
23/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 82
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
Hnarkws hffeahvet prlveaks nl rkhsln tl suspkmt hny lnblenb mredenh` iusenkss oustefyenb tgk
`hpsk lf tedk iktwkkn tgk ahtk lf tgk mredk, Akmkdikr 81, 9383, hna tgk ahtk lf tgk whrrhnt, Lmtlikr =,
9389. Qgk nkhr`y 99-dlntg ak`hy es tll `lnb tl supplrt tgk skhrmg. ]kk [netka ]thtks v. Brkhtglusk,
952 F.]upp.9a 8961, 8929 (A. Lr. 933=) (fenaenb h tgertkkn dlntg ak`hy en Entkrnkt mge`a plrnlbrhpgy
mhsks sedp`y tll `lnb. . . hisknt kveaknmk lf lnblenb lr mlntenulus mredenh` hmtevety). H`tglubg ht
`khst lnk mlurt ghs upgk`a h skhrmg flr mge`a plrnlbrhpgy hftkr h tkn-dlntg ak`hy, tght skhrmg whs
upgk`a ikmhusk tgk hffeahvet en supplrt lf tgk whrrhnts prlveaka blla rkhsln tl ik`ekvk tgk kveaknmk
wlu`a ste`` ik prksknt. ]kk @hmy, 885 F.=a 219, 216.
Gkrk, Hnarkwsspkmu`htevk oustefemhtelns flr tgk ak`hy fh`` sglrt lf ksthi`esgenb prlihi`k mhusk
tght Dr. Jkys rkthenka kveaknmk. Gk sthtka ges ik`ekf tght Dr. Jkys wlu`a rkthen sumg kveaknmk flr sl
`lnb ikmhusk?
(8). . . tgkrk es prlihi`k mhusk tl ik`ekvk tght JKU] phrtemephtka en mlddettenb tgk ]pkmefekaFkakrh` Lffknsks:
(9)kveaknmk lf ]pkmefeka Fkakrh` Lffknsks, enm`uaenb tgk mght `lbs aesmusska en phrhbrhpg 98(skk h`slKxgeiets H hna I htthmgka gkrktl) whs rkthenka ln JKU]s mldputkr hs rkmknt`y hs
Dhrmg 6, 9389, plst-ahtenb ges dlvk frld ]hmrhdkntl, Mh`eflrneh tl ]khmhumus, Nkw Okrsky:
(=)JKU] prksknt`y dhenthens tgk wkisetk www.prlaumkrdhttgkw.mld, ln wgemg gk ghs sthtkatght gk hmtevk`y dlnetlrs tgk Entkrnkt hna upahtks ges wkisetk frld ges rkseaknmk:
(1)ihska ln dy trhenenb hna kxpkreknmk, hna tgk envkstebhteln tl ahtk, E jnlw tght JKU] esprlfemeknt wetg mldputkrs hna rk`htka tkmgnl`lby, hna tght enaeveauh`s sumg hs JKU]
bknkrh``y rkthen tgker mldputkrs hna httknahnt aebeth` dkaeh wgkn dlvenb frld lnk rkseaknmk
tl hnltgkr: hna
(;)ihska ln dy trhenenb hna kxpkreknmk, E hd hwhrk tght ahth, kvkn ef ak`ktka, we`` rkdhen ln hmldputkr unte` lvkrwrettkn.
Hnarkws furtgkr sthtka ges ik`ekf tght Dr. Jkys wlu`a rkthen ahth frld ges entkrhmteln wetg Hnlnydlus
ht gldk ikmhusk gk rkbhras tges hs hn hmmldp`esgdknt tght gk whnts tl pui`esg hna rkmkevk mrkaet flr en
tgk futurk.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 9= lf =8
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8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
24/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 87
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
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1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
Qgksk oustefemhtelns fhe` flr ht `khst tgrkk rkhslns. Ferst, hna dlst livelus`y, tgkrk es sedp`y nl
kveaknmk prkskntka gkrk lf hny lnblenb mredenh` hmtevety. Brkhtglusk, 952 F.]upp.9a ht 8929.
Srlihi`k mhusk tght Dr. Jkys phrtemephtka en tgk @H Qedks kaet es nlt etsk`f prlihi`k mhusk tght Dr.
Jkys wlu`a ghvk kveaknmk lf et 99 dlntgs `htkr, hftkr h mrlss-mluntry dlvk. ]kmlna, tgk smrkknsglt Dr
Jkys plstka tl ges wkisetk ln Dhrmg 6, 9389 whs h smrkknsglt, nlt mght `lbs. Qgkrk es nl kveaknmk
Dr. Jkys kvkr rkmlraka lr jkpt hny sumg mght `lbs. Hna oust ikmhusk h senb`k fe`k es pui`esgka ln h
wkisetk alks nlt dkhn tght sede`hr fe`ks rkseak ln pkrslnh` mldputenb kquepdknt, kvkn wgkrk tgk
hadenestrhtlr upahtks tgk setk rkdltk`y frld gldk. Qgera, hna dlst trlui`enb, Hnarkws hffeahvet rk`eks
ln mruak stkrkltypks lf mldputkr uskrs hna olurnh`ests. Hmmlraenb tl Hnarkws, enaeveauh`s sumg hs
JKU]tglsk h``kbka`y prlfemeknt wetg mldputkrs hna rk`htka tkmgnl`lbyhrk dlrk `ejk`y tl rkthen
stlrhbk dkaeh flr `lnb pkrelas lf tedk. ]ede`hr`y, ikmhusk Dr. Jkys whs hmtenb hs h olurnh`est aurenb
ges entkrhmtelns wetg Hnlnydlus, Hnarkws gypltgksezka tghtgk gk`a ln tl ges ahth tl rkmkevk mrkaet
flr et en tgk futurk. Qgksk bknkrh`ezhtelns `hmj flunahteln. Qgk blvkrndknt mhnnlt nkutkr tgk sth`knkss
almtrenk flr h`` olurnh`ests hna ltgkr mldputkr-prlfemeknt pklp`k ln sumg h f`edsy ihses, wetglut rkbhra
flr tgk fhmts lf tgk mhsk.
En sglrt, iy Lmtlikr =, 9389, blvkrndknt hbknts nl `lnbkr gha prlihi`k mhusk tl suspkmt tght
Dr. Jkys plssksska hny kveaknmk lf tgk mredk. Hnarkws fhe`ka tl akdlnstrhtk hny kveaknmk lf lnblenb
mredenh` hmtevety, hna ges hsskrtelns tght hbknts wlu`a fena kveaknmk lf prelr mredenh` hmtevety wkrk ihska
ln s`kebgt-lf-ghna hna mruak bknkrh`ezhtelns. [nakr tgksk mermudsthnmks, tgk whrrhnt sglu`a ik quhsgka
hna h`` kveaknmk lithenka tgkrkfrld supprksska.
EEE. QGK HFFEAHVEQ MLNQHEN] AK@EIKYHQK LY YKMJ@K]]DE]YKSYK]KNQHQELN] HNA LDE]]ELN] YKX[EYENB H FYHNJ]GKHYENB.
Et es wk``-sktt`ka tght h akfknahnt dhy mgh``knbk h whrrhnt iy mgh``knbenb tgk trutgfu`nkss lf
sthtkdknts tgkrken. Rgkrk h akfknahnt (8) dhjks h suisthnteh` prk`edenhry sglwenb tght h fh`sk
sthtkdknt jnlwenb`y hna entkntelnh``y, lr wetg rkmj`kss aesrkbhra lf tgk trutg, whs enm`uaka iy tgk
hffehnt en tgk whrrhnt hffeahvet, hna (9) akdlnstrhtks tght tgk h``kbka`y fh`sk sthtkdknt es nkmksshry tl
tgk fenaenb lf prlihi`k mhusk, tgk Flurtg Hdknadknt rkquerks tght h gkhrenb ik gk`a ht tgk akfknahnts
rkqukst. Frhnjs v. Ak`hwhrk, 1=7 [.]. 8;1, 8;;-;6 (8527) (Frhnjs). Ql lithen hFrhnjsgkhrenb,
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 91 lf =8
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8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
25/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 85
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
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85
93
98
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91
9;
96
92
97
tgk akfknahnt nkka nlt akdlnstrhtk m`khr prllf lf akmkpteln: tgk quksteln lf prllf es rkskrvka flr tgk
kveakntehry gkhrenb. [netka ]thtks v. ]thnkrt, 269 F.9a 22;, 278 (5tg Mer. 857;) (metenb [netka ]thtks v.
Mgksgkr, 627 F.9a 8=;=, 8=69 (5tg Mer. 8579)). Frhnjsgkhrenbs hrk nlt `edetka tl sglwenbs lf fh`sk
hfferdhtevk sthtkdknts, iut hrk h`sl hpprlprehtk wgkrk h whrrhnt hffeahvet mlnthens ak`eikrhtk lr rkmj`kss
ldesselns lf fhmts tght tkna tl des`kha. ]thnkrt, 269 F.9a ht 273-78:skk h`sl[netka ]thtks v. Ohwhrh,
121 F.=a ;6;, ;79 (5tg Mer. 9332) (hfferdenb ]thnkrt). Rgkrk h whrrhnt es mgh``knbka flr ldesselns
tknaenb tl des`kha, prlihi`k mhusk dust ik rkmlnseakrka wetg tgk ldettka enflrdhteln enm`uaka. [netka
]thtks v. Ak@kln, 525 F.9a 268, 261 (5tg Mer. 8559).
H. HNAYKR] HFFEAHVEQ MLNQHEN] AK@EIKYHQK LY YKMJ@K]]@U-DHAK]QHQKDKNQ] HNA LDE]]ELN].
Qgk skhrmg whrrhnt hffeahvet mlnthens twl des`khaenb dhtkreh` ldesselns. Ferst, Hnarkws
ldettka hny rkfkrknmk tl FIE hbknt Olgn Mhutgkns almudkntka ik`ekftght Dr. Jkys whs nlt rksplnsei`k
flr tgk suspemelus k-dhe`ssknt tl Flx 13 en khr`y Akmkdikr, 9383. Mhutgkns rkplrts prlveak
mldpk``enb rkhslns tl ik`ekvk Dr. Jkys whs nlt rksplnsei`k. Et wlu`a ghvk ikkn enmlnbrulus hna
e``lbemh` flr Dr. Jkys tl aesm`lsk ges eakntety en tgk suspemelus k-dhe`s. Enakka, Dr. Jkys whs
bknuenk`y ihff`ka iytgk eakh. Mhutgkns lpeneln whs tght Dr. Jkys entkrkst en tgk ghmjenb
mlddunety whs olurnh`estem, nlt mredenh`. Ukt nlnk lf tges enflrdhteln whs aesm`lska en Hnarkws
hffeahvet.
]kmlna, Hnarkws sk`kmtevk usk lf ES haarkss enflrdhteln lvkrsthtks tgk prkmeseln lf tght
kveaknmk. Ferst, en aesmussenb tgk suspemelus k-dhe`s, akspetk envkstebhtenb khmg lf tgkd, Hnarkws
eakntefeka ln`y h senb`k ES haarkss wgemg gk m`heds rksl`vka tl h `lmhteln en ]hmrhdkntl, Mh`eflrneh.1
Dr. Jkys `evka en ]hmrhdkntl ht tgk tedk hna uska HQ&Q hs hn Entkrnkt ]krvemk Srlveakr. Ukt
almudknts rkmkevka en aesmlvkry enaemhtk tght tges ES haarkss whs hadenestkrka iy Mldmhst. (]kk
Mldmhst Yksplnsk tl Blvkrndknt ]uiplknh, Akf.s Kx. A.) Hnarkws enm`useln lf tges ES haarkss hna
ets h``kbka `lmhteln wkrk mh`mu`htka tl edp`emhtk Dr. Jkys, akspetk ltgkr kveaknmk tght aea nlt plent tl
1Hnarkws kxp`henka tght ZsTuiplknhs flr tgksk ZltgkrT hmmluntsaktkrdenka ketgkr tght tgk enflrdhteln whs unhvhe`hi`k lr
tght tgk hmmlunt uska whs iy h prlxy skrvkr. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 8;.) Gk lffkrka nl furtgkr akthe`s.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 9; lf =8
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26/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 93
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
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;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
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85
93
98
99
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91
9;
96
92
97
ged ht h``. ]kmlna, tgk ln`y ES haarkss Hnarkws teka tl tgk HK]Mrhmjka nemjnhdk whs
27.895.993.16, wgemg flrtuetlus`y whs h``kbka`y h`sl uska iy flxdu`akr1355Cyhgll.ml.uj.
Srksudhi`y, tges es tgk ES haarkss lf h prlxy skrvkr, wgemg hmts hs hn entkrdkaehry flr rkquksts frld
m`eknts skkjenb rkslurmks frld ltgkr skrvkrs. (Hnarkws Hff. ht 1f.) Iut nketgkr Hnarkws aksmrepteln
lf h prlxy skrvkr nlr ges aesmusseln lf tges ES haarkss enm`uaks tgk fhmt tght prlxy skrvkrs lftkn skrvk hs
prlxeks flr dhny pklp`k ht h tedk. Nlr alks Hnarkws dhjk hny kfflrt tl kxp`hen tgk dlntg-`lnb bhp en
tedk iktwkkn flxdu`akr1355s usk lf tgk ES haarkss hna HK]Mrhmjkas usk lf tgk ES haarkss, lr glw
tght tedk `hpsk hffkmts tgk hnh`yses. En sglrt, Hnarkws usk lf ES haarkss enflrdhtelnwhs mh`mu`htka tl
gebg`ebgt enflrdhteln plentenb tl Dr. Jkys wge`k denedezenb enflrdhteln subbkstenb sldklnk k`sk whs
rksplnsei`k.
Qgksk ldesselns wkrk nlt dkrk`y nkb`ebknt. Hnarkws jnkw lr sglu`a ghvk jnlwn lf Mhutgkns
lpenelns lf tgk mhsk. Hna ges usk lf ES haarkss enflrdhteln supplrts h fenaenb lf rkmj`kss lr entkntelnh`
ldesseln ikmhusk tgk fh`sk sthtkdknts hna ldesselns mlnthenkaen tgk hffeahvet h`` il`stkrtgk mhsk flr
prlihi`k mhusk, wgemg subbksts tgk desthjks wkrk nlt tgk prlaumt lf dkrk nkb`ebknmk. Mgesd v.
Rhsgenbtln ]thtk, 668 F.=a =73, =77 (5tg Mer. 9388). Hs lnk aestremt mlurt rkmknt`y hmjnlw`kabka,
ZdTumg, ef nlt h``, lf tgk myikr-kveaknmk (tgk K-dhe` haarkssks hna ES haarkssks uska) we`` `kha ylu tl
hn ennlmknt pkrsln. Ea.ht =58 (qultenb Rhsgenbtln ]thtk Sl`emk trhenenb dhtkreh`s wetg hpprlvh`).
Hnarkws senb`ka lut sumg myikr-kveaknmk wgkn et edp`emhtka Dr. Jkys, iut ebnlrka et wgkn et aea nlt.
Mf. ea.ht =77 (fenaenb et mlnspemulus tght .. . tgk ldesselns purbka tgk hffeahvet lf hny rkfkrknmk tl tgk
plsseie`ety tght sldklnk ltgkr tghn Ztgk akfknahntT whs rksplnsei`k flr tgk lffknaenb Zmldputkr-rk`htka
mredksT). Qgksk ldesselns shtesfyFrhnjs ferst prlnb.
I. REQG QGK FH@]K ]QHQKDKNQ] HNA LDE]]ELN] MLYYKMQKA, QGKHFFEAHVEQ ALK] NLQ ][SSLYQ H FENAENB LF SYLIHI@K MH[]K.
Retg Mhutgkns lpenelns hna h mldp`ktk pemturk lf ES haarkssks enm`uaka, h rkhslnhi`k
dhbestrhtk wlu`a ik un`ejk`y tl fena prlihi`k mhusk. H strhebgtflrwhra hffeahvet wlu`a enm`uaka
Mhutgknsprelr ik`ekf tght Dr. Jkys nketgkr mldprldeska tgk S9S skrvkr nlr sknt hny lf tgk suspemelus
k-dhe`s. Qges fhth``y unakrdenks tgk prlihtevk vh`uk lf tglsk k-dhe`s.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 96 lf =8
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8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
27/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 98
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
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9
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6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
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86
82
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85
93
98
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9=
91
9;
96
92
97
Rght es `kft lf tgk hffeahvet< (8) Dr. Jkys hmjnlw`kabkdknts tght, wlrjenb hs h olurnh`est, gk
gha enfe`trhtka h prevhtk Hnlnydlus mghtrlld: hna (9) kxmkrpts lf mght `lbs h``kbka`y skezka frld
ltgkr systkds wgemg h``kbka`y ik`lnbka tl sldk ltgkr pklp`k wgl wkrk h`sl h``kbka`y en tgk shdk
mghtrlld aurenb tgk sldk lf tgk shdk tedks hs HK]Mrhmjka. Livelus`y, Dr. Jkys
hmjnlw`kabkdknt tght gk gha enfe`trhtka Hnlnydlus hs h olurnh`est alks nlt etsk`f edp`emhtk ged en hny
mredenh` hmtevety: et es dkrk`y hn hadesseln lf olurnh`esd. Olurnh`esd es nlt h mredk. Qgk mght `lbs,
skezka pursuhnt tl ltgkr envkstebhtelns wetg nl m`khr mlnnkmteln tl tges mhsk lr tl Dr. Jkys, hrk
unhmmldphneka iy hny fhmts supplrtenb tgker hutgkntemety lr rk`ehie`ety. Kvkn mldienka wetg Dr. Jkys
hadesselns tght gk gha phrtemephtka en sldk mghts, tgk `lbs al nlt supplrt prlihi`k mhusk tl ik`ekvk tght
Dr. Jkys whs enakka rksplnsei`k flr hny mredks.
En sud, Dr. Jkys ghs dhak h suisthnteh` prk`edenhry sglwenb tght Hnarkws hffeahvet mlnthens
ak`eikrhtk lr rkmj`kss`y-dhak dhtkreh` ldesselns. Retg tgk ldesselns mlrrkmtka, tgk hffeahvet alks nlt
prlveak prlihi`k mhusk tl suspkmt Dr. Jkys lf hny mredenh` hmtevety. Qgkrkflrk, gk es kntet`ka tl h
Frhnjsgkhrenb.
EV. QGK FY[EQ LF QGK SLE]LNL[] QYKK ALMQYENK YKX[EYK] ][SSYK]]ELN LFRYEQQKN HNA YKMLYAKA ]QHQKDKNQ] LF DY. JKU].
Et es wk``-ksthi`esgka tght sthtkdknts lithenka hs h rksu`t lf hn un`hwfu` skhrmg lr skezurk dust ik
supprksska. ]umg sthtkdknts ghvk ikkn auiika fruet lf tgk pleslnlus trkk. Nhralnk v. [netka ]thtks,
=37 [.]. ==7, =18 (85=5): Rlnb ]un v. [netka ]thtks, =28 [.]. 128 (856=). [n`kss tgk blvkrndknt mhn
purbk tgk predhry thent iy sglwenb et wlu`a ghvk enkvethi`y lithenka tgk sthtkdknts frld hn
enakpknaknt slurmk, tgk sthtkdknts hrk enhadessei`k. Irlwn v. E``enles, 199 [.]. ;53, 633 (852;):skk
h`sl Nex v. Re``ehds, 162 [.]. 1=8, 11= (8571) (Qgk enakpknaknt slurmk almtrenk h``lws hadesseln lf
kveaknmk tght ghs ikkn aesmlvkrka iy dkhns wgl``y enakpknaknt lf hny mlnstetutelnh` vel`hteln.).
En tges mhsk, tgk pl`emk entkrvekw whs h aerkmt rksu`t lf tgk skhrmg hna skezurk. Qgkrk es nl rkhsln
tl ik`ekvk tgk blvkrndknt mlu`a ghvk lithenka sthtkdknts frld Dr. Jkys wetglut ferst lithenenb hna
kxkmutenb ets un`hwfu``y lvkrirlha bknkrh` whrrhnt. Dr. Jkys sthtkdknts hrk fruet lf tgk pleslnlus trkk
hna dust ik supprksska.
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 92 lf =8
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8/13/2019 USA v. Keys: Motion to Suppress
28/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 99
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
V. DY. JKU] DEYHNAH RHEVKY RH] ENVH@EA IKMH[]K EQ RH] NLQVL@[NQHYU, JNLRENB HNA ENQK@@EBKNQ.
Enakpknaknt`y, tgk wrettkn hna rkmlraka sthtkdknts lithenka aurenb tgk kxkmuteln lf tgk Lmtlikr
=, 9389 skhrmg whrrhnt dust ik supprksska ikmhusk tgky wkrk thjkn en vel`hteln lfDerhnah v. Hrezlnh,
=71 [.]. 1=6, 76 ].Mt. 8639 (8566). H akfknahnt en h mredenh` mhsk es akprevka lf auk prlmkss lf `hw ef
ges mlnvemteln es flunaka, en wgl`k lr en phrt, upln hn envl`unthry mlnfksseln. ]kkOhmjsln v. Aknnl,
=27 [.]. =67, =26 (8561). H akfknahnt wgl liokmts tl tgk hadesseln lf h mlnfksseln ln tgk brluna tght
et whs envl`unthry ghs h mlnstetutelnh` rebgt tl hn kveakntehry gkhrenb tl aktkrdenk tgk vl`unthrenkss lf
tgk mlnfksseln ikflrk et es gkhra iy h oury. Ea. ht =26-22.
Ikflrk tgk blvkrndknt dhy entrlaumk h akfknahnts mustlaeh`, enmredenhtenb sthtkdknts, et dust
prlvk tght tgk akfknahnt vl`unthre`y, jnlwenb`y, hna entk``ebknt`y whevka ges rebgts. ]kk Derhnah, =71
[.]. ht 12;: Ml`lrhal v. ]prenb, 125 [.]. ;61, ;2=, 832 ].Mt. 7;8 (8572):Akrremj v. Sktkrsln, 591 F.9a
78=, 793 (5tg Mer. 8553) (nltenb tght h mlurt dust h`sl fena tght tgk akfknahnt unakrstlla ges rebgts).
Rgkn h akfknahnt mgh``knbks hDerhnahwhevkr, tgk blvkrndknt dust prlvk sumg whevkr iy h
prkplnakrhnmk lf tgk kveaknmk. Ml`lrhal v. Mlnnk``y, 125 [.]. 8;2, 867, 832 ].Mt. ;8; (8576).
H. DY. JKU] ENVL@[NQHYE@U RHEVKA GE] DEYHNAH YEBGQ].H sthtkdknt es envl`unthry ef et es kxtrhmtka iy hny slrt lf tgrkhts lr vel`knmk ZlrT lithenka iy
hny aerkmt lr edp`eka prldesks, glwkvkr s`ebgt, ZlrTiy tgk kxkrteln lf hny edprlpkr enf`uknmk. [netka
]thtks v. Bukrrkrl, 712 F.9a 8=6=, 8=66 (5tg Mer. 8577) (methteln hna entkrnh` qulthteln ldettka). H
mlnfksseln es nlt vl`unthry ef et es dhak iy h pkrsln wglsk dknth` mlnaeteln ht tgk tedk whs sumg tght
tgk mlnfksseln dlst prlihi`y whs nlt tgk prlaumt lf hny dkhnenbfu` hmt lf vl`eteln. [netka ]thtks v.
]detg, 6=7 F.9a 8=8, 8== (5tg Mer. 8578) (methteln hna entkrnh` qulthteln ldettka). Mlurts ghvk gk`a tght
enmredenhtenb sthtkdknts dhak iy hn entlxemhtka akfknahnt wkrk envl`unthry hna enhadessei`k. ]kk
B`haakn v. [nswlrtg, =56 F.9a =2=, =73 (5tg Mer. 8567).
En lrakr tl aktkrdenk wgktgkr h sthtkdknt es vl`unthry, tgk mlurt dust wkebg wgktgkr,
mlnseakrenb tgk tlth`ety lf tgk mermudsthnmks, tgk blvkrndknt lithenka tgk sthtkdknt iy pgysemh` lr
psymgl`lbemh` mlkrmeln lr iy edprlpkr enaumkdknt sl tght tgk suspkmts we`` whs lvkrilrnk.Akrremj v.
Sktkrsln, 591 F.9a ht 782 (methteln hna entkrnh` qulthteln ldettka). Mlurts we`` h`sl mlnseakr fhmtlrs
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 97 lf =8
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DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 9=
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
sumg hs tgk akfknahnts hbk hna kaumhteln: tgk `knbtg lf tgk aktknteln: wgktgkr tgk akfknahnt whs
lffkrka flla: tgk hmmuskas pgysemh` hna dknth` mghrhmtkrestems: tgk hmmuskas kxpkreknmk wetg tgk
mredenh` oustemk systkd: tgk `lmhteln lf tgk entkrrlbhteln: tgk mlnaumt lf tgk pl`emk lffemkrs: hna tgk typk
hna `knbtg lf qukstelnenb. ]kk, k.b., Qhy`lr v. Dhaalx, =66 F.=a 559, 838=-81 (5tg Mer. 9331):@umkrl
v. Jkriy, 8== F.=a 8955, 8=88 (83tg Mer. 8557): skk h`sl 87 [.].M. =;38 (Qgk prksknmk lr hisknmk lf
hny lf tgk hilvk-dkntelnka fhmtlrs tl ik thjkn entl mlnseakrhteln iy tgk ouabk nkka nlt ik mlnm`usevk
ln tgk essuk lf vl`unthrenkss . . . .).
Gkrk, Dr. Jkys entkrrlbhteln sthrtka sglrt`y ikflrk 6?33 h.d., Lmtlikr 1, 9389. Khr`ekr tght
dlrnenb, Dr. Jkys tllj 833 db lf Qrhzlalnkalui`k ges prksmreika alshbken lrakr tl enaumk s`kkp.
Retgen h fkw glurs lf thjenb tgk Qrhzlalnk hna fh``enb hs`kkp, gk whs suaakn`y hwljkn wgkn
blvkrndknt hbknts kntkrka ges ikarlld en ges Nkw Okrsky hphrtdknt sthtenb tght tgky nkkaka tl hsj ged
sldk qukstelns. Qgk hbknts sthrtka tl quksteln Dr. Jkys h`dlst eddkaehtk`y upln whjenb ged up frld
ges s`kkp. Qwl hbknts skphrhtka ged wge`k tgk rkst skhrmgka tgk glusk hna spljk tl Dr. Jkys
rllddhtks. Aurenb tges tedk, Dr. Jkys whs ste`` unakr tgk enf`uknmk lf h fu`` alsk lf Qrhzlalnk.
(Mlbkn Akm`. ht 7.) Hs h rksu`t, Dr. Jkys dknth` sthtk whs m`luaka.
Ikmhusk lf tges mldprldeska dknth` sthtk, Dr. JkysDerhnahwhevkr whs envl`unthry hna ges
sthtkdknts hrk ltgkrwesk engkrknt`y unrk`ehi`k. (]kkMlbkn Akm`. ht 5-83.) Qgkrkflrk, tges Mlurt
sglu`a supprkss ges wrettkn mlnfksseln hna hny enmu`phtlry sthtkdknts gk dhak aurenb tgk entkrrlbhteln.
I. DY. JKU] AEA NLQ JNLRENB@U HNA ENQK@@EBKNQ@U RHEVK GE]DEYHNAH YEBGQ].
En haaeteln tl vl`unthrenkss, h akfknahntsDerhnah whevkr dust h`sl ik jnlwenb hna entk``ebknt.
]kk Akrremj v. Sktkrsln, 591 F.=a ht 793:skk h`sl B`haakn, =56 F.9a ht =26. Qgk whevkr dust ik dhak
wetg h fu`` hwhrknkss iltg lf tgk nhturk lf tgk rebgt tl ik hihnalnka hna mlnskquknmks lf tgk akmeseln
tl hihnaln et. Dlrhn v. Iurienk, 12; [.]. 189, 198 (8576). Ykvekwenb mlurts dust llj tl tgk
tlth`ety lf tgk mermudsthnmks surrlunaenb tgk entkrrlbhteln tl hnswkr tgksk enquereks.Ea.:skk h`sl
Qhbuk v. @luesehnh, 111 [.]. 165, 128 (8573) (pkr murehd) (blvkrndknt fhe`ka tl sglw tght pktetelnkr
gha whevka gesDerhnahrebgts ikmhusk tgk hrrkstenb lffemkr mlu`a nlt rkdkdikr tgk sthtkdknts tght gk
rkha tl tgk pktetelnkr frld h nltemk lfDerhnahrebgts, wgktgkr gk hsjka tgk pktetelnkr ef gk unakrstlla
Mhsk 9?8=-mr-33379-JOD Almudknt 9= Fe`ka 89/8=/8= Shbk 95 lf =8
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30/31
DLQELN QL ][SSYK]]
Shbk 91
@HR LFFEMK] LF OHU @KEAKYDHN;213 Yh`stln ]trkkt, ]uetk =33
Vknturh, Mh`eflrneh 5=33=Qk`? 73;-6;1-3933Fhx? 73;-6;1-3973
8
9
=
1
;
6
2
7
5
83
88
89
8=
81
8;
86
82
87
85
93
98
99
9=
91
9;
96
92
97
tgk rebgts, lr wgktgkr gk mlnaumtka hny