defence data booklet 2012 web
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
1/32
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
2/32
More information on the European Defence Agency is available at: www.eda.europa.eu
ISBN: 978-92-95075-13-9
ISSN: 1831-9513
doi: 10.2836/19546
European Defence Agency, 2013
For reproduction or use of this material, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder.
Responsible editor :Eric Platteau
Printed in Belgium
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
3/32
Introduction
The European Defence Agency collects defence data on
an annual basis. The Ministries of Defence of the Agencys
27 participating Member States (pMS)1provide the data.
EDA acts as the custodian of the data and publishes the
aggregated figures in this booklet. The data are broken
down, based on a list of indicators approved by the Agencys
Ministerial Steering Board. This list has four sections, rep-
resented in the headings of the booklet:
General: macro-economic data to show how defence
budgets relate to GDP and overall government spending.
Reform:major categories of defence budget spend-
ing personnel; investment, including R&T; operation
and maintenance and others to show what defence
budgets are spent on.
European collaboration:for defence equipment procure-
ment and R&T to show to what extent the Agencys pMS
are investing together.
Deployability:military deployed in crisis management
operations to show the ratio between deployments and
total military personnel.
In November 2007, the Ministerial Steering Board approved
four collective benchmarks for investment:
Equipment procurement (including R&D/R&T): 20% of
total defence spending
European collaborative equipment procurement:35%
of total equipment spending
Defence R&T:2% of total defence spending
European collaborative defence R&T:20% of total
defence R&T spending
These benchmarks are collective: they apply to the totalsum spent by all pMS together.
They are voluntary: turning them into national targets is
optional. There are no timelines for realising these bench-
marks.
In its final section, this brochure provides the results of the
collective benchmarks.
The definitions used for the gathering of the data and some
general caveats are listed at the end of the brochure.
1. All EU Member States except Denmark. Data in this publication does not include Croatia which became the 27thEDA Member State on 1 July 2013.
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
4/32
EDA pMS Aggregated Defence Data 2012The figures refer to the total for all EDA 26 pMS1and if not otherwise stated, they are nominal.
Total defence expenditure continues to decrease
In 2012, total defence expenditure of the 26 EDA pMS
amounted to 189.6 billion - a reduction of 1.1 billion
or 0.6% compared to 2011. It represented approximately
1.50% of their total GDP and 3.04% of their total government
expenditure, both values being the lowest since 2006. In
real terms2, total defence expenditure has been decreasing
since 2006. During the period from 2006 to 2011, it dropped
by 21 billion or almost 10% and between 2011 and 2012 it
reduced further by almost 3%.
Equipment procurement increases, but R&Dexpenditure reduces
Personnel-related expenditure decreased by almost 3%
from 2011 to 2012 and reached its lowest level since 2006
( 95.7 billion). Nevertheless, it continues to account for
over 50% of total defence expenditure. The second biggest
component operation and maintenance expenditure
also decreased by almost 3% and accounted for 23.7%
( 44.8 billion) of total defence expenditure. On the other
hand, after a sharp decrease in 2011, defence investment,
comprising equipment procurement and R&D expenditure,
increased by over 5% in 2012 to reach the same level it was
in 2006 ( 39.0 billion or 20.6% of total expenditure). But the
two components of investment moved in different direc-
tions: while equipment procurement increased by 17% to
34.2 billion (18.0% of total expenditure), close to the high-
est level achieved in 2010, R&D expenditure experienced
the sharpest decrease since 2006 (-38%) and amounted
to 4.8 billion (2.5% of total expenditure), half its 2006
value. As for R&T3, after a slight increase in 2011, it reduced
to 1.93 billion (1.02% of total expenditure), both being the
lowest values since 2006.
Collaboration: increases in procurement
but decreases in R&T
2012 data shows a significant decrease in collaborative
expenditure. This is partially due to the fact that one EDA
pMS was not able to provide data on collaboration this
year. If aggregated data of the 25 pMS for which collabora-
tive figures are available is compared, between 2011 and
2012 collaborative equipment procurement increased by
1. Data in this publication does not include Croatia which became the 27th EDA Member State on 1 July 2013, and Denmark which is not an EDA Member State.
2. In order to measure real growth and ensure a real comparison between years, inflation needs to be taken into account. Thus, data from 2006 to 2011
has been inflated to 2012 economic conditions (Source of deflator: European Commission ECFIN based on weight of EU 27).
3. R&T is a subset of R&D which includes only basic research, applied research and technology demonstration, leaving out expenditure for demonstration
or development for which a decision to procure has been taken.
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
5/32
10% while European collaboration increased by 16.5% and
accounted for 95.5% of total collaborative equipment pro-
curement. As for R&T, expenditure on collaborative projects
and programmes decreased by almost 15% during the same
period. European collaborative R&T expenditure experienced
an even sharper decrease of 38% and accounted for 67.6%
of total collaborative R&T expenditure.
Number of military personnel continues to drop whileexpenditure and investment per military increases
2012 saw the sixth consecutive reduction in military person-
nel (77.5% of total staff working in defence, the lowest ratio
since 2006) and decreased by 6.3% to 1.45 million. On the
other hand, the number of civilian personnel increased for
the first time since 2006 by 12.8% to 422 315. Whilst military
personnel numbers reduced, defence expenditure per military
increased by over 6% reaching 130 457. Defence investment
per military also increased by over 12% and stood at 26 821.
Reduction in troops deployed and in costs
of operations
As regards deployed operations outside the EU territory,
similarly to the last three years, the average number of
troops deployed decreased both in absolute terms (from 53
744 to 49 550) and as a share of military personnel (from
3.5% to 3.4%) and is now at its lowest level since 2006.
For the first time since 2006, costs related to deployed
operations decreased by 8% to 10.8 billion or 5.7% of
total defence expenditure. Operations costs per military
deployed also marginally decreased for the first time and
stood at 217 000 in 2012.
Progress made on one out of four collectivebenchmarks
In 2007, EDA pMS agreed on a set of four collective bench-
marks for investment. There is no obligation in terms of time-
line or adoption of these benchmarks into national targets.
In 2012, only one of the four indicators made progress
towards the benchmarks. Due to an increase in defence
equipment procurement expenditure, the proportion of
investment (equipment procurement and R&D) of total
defence expenditure increased from 19.4% to 20.6% thus
exceeding the agreed target of 20%. After an increase in
2011, the share of R&T expenditure in total defence expendi-
ture decreased to its lowest level since 2006: 1.02% (the
benchmark is 2%).
Due to incomplete collaborative data, it is not possible to
measure progress towards the two other benchmarks: Euro-
pean collaborative equipment procurement as a percentage
of total equipment procurement (the benchmark is 35%)
and European collaborative defence R&T as a percentage
of total defence R&T (the benchmark is 20%).
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
6/32
GDP
Overall Government Expenditure
Defence Expenditure
. Revised data.
GENERAL - Macro Economic DataGDP, Overall Government Expenditure and Total Defence Expenditure
Billions
ofEuros
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
s11 316
s5 303
s201
s12 272
+1.7%
s5 729
+3.7%
s201
-1.3%
s11 584
-5.6%
s5 858
+2.3%
s194
-3.6%
s12 046
+4.0%
s6 047
+3.2%
s194
-0.3%
s12 072
+6.7%
s5 525+4.2%
s204
+1.5%
s12 411
+3.0%
s6 072
+0.4%
s191 1-1.5%
s12 653+2.0%
s6 232
+2.6%
s190
-0.6%
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
7/32
GDP
Overall Government Expenditure
Defence Expenditure
. In order to measure real growth and ensure a real comparison between years, inflation needs to be
taken into account. Thus, data from to has been inflated to economic conditions
(Source of deflator: European Commission ECFIN based on weight of EU ).
GENERAL Macro Economic DataGDP, Overall Government Expenditure and Total Defence Expenditure real comparison1
Billions
ofEuros
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
0
s12 178
s5 707
s216
s12 650+3.9%
s5 790
+1.4%
s214
-1.2%
s12 835+1.5%
s5 992
+3.5%
s211
-1.5%
s12 304
-4.1%
s6 222
+3.9%
s206
-2.1%
s12 503
+1.6%
s6 276
+0.9%
s201
-2.6%
s12 705+1.6%
s6 216
-0.9%
s195
-2.8%
s12 653-0.4%
s6 232
+0.2%
s190
-2.9%
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
8/32
GENERAL Macro Economic DataDefence Expenditure in Current and Constant1Prices
Billions
ofEuros
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
ss
s
s
220
215
210
205
200
195
190
185
Current Prices
Constant Prices (2012)
. Data from to has been inflated to economic conditions (Source of deflator: European Commission ECFIN
based on weight of EU ).
. Revised data.
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
9/32
GENERAL Macro Economic DataDefence Expenditure as % of GDP and as % of Overall Government Expenditure
..
.
.. .
.
. ....
..
4.0%
3.5%
3.0%
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
Defence Expenditure as a % of Total General Government Expenditure
Defence Expenditure as a % of GDP
. Revised data.
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
10/32
GENERAL Macro Economic DataExpenditure per Capita
E
uros
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
s23 217
s10 881
s413
s24 648
+6.2%
s11 281+3.7%
s417
+1.0%
s24 910
+1.1%
s11 628+3.1%
s409
-1.9%
s23 398
-6.1%
s11 833+1.8%
s392
-4.1%
s24 280
+3.8%
s12 187
+3.0%
s390
-0.5%
s24 959
+2.8%
s12 212
+0.2%
s383 1-1.7%
s25 374
+1.7%
s12 497
+2.3%
s380
-0.9%
GDP per Capita
Government Expenditure per Capita
Defence Expenditure per Capita
. Revised data.
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
11/32
REFORM Defence Expenditure BreakdownDefence Expenditure Breakdown in absolute values
Personnel
Operation and Maintenance
Investment (Equipment Procurement and R&D)
Other expenditure (including Infrastructure)
. Revised data.
Billions
ofEuros
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-2.8%s44.8
+5.4%s39.0
+0.5%s10.0
-2.8%s95.7
+3.6%s45.2
-13.8%s37.0
+19.2%s10.0
-0.1%s98.5
-1.0%s
43.7+4.8%s42.9
-21.8%s8.4
+0.3%s98.7
+2.0%
s44.1-2.6%s40.9
+19.5%s10.7
-8.2%s98.4
-7.8%
s43.2+0.3%s42.0
-4.3%s8.9
+1.1%s107.2
+8.1%
s46.9+7.7%s41.9
+13.9%s9.3
-4.2%s106.0
s43.4
s38.9
s8.2
s110.6
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
12/32
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
13/32
REFORM Defence Expenditure BreakdownDefence Expenditure Breakdown in percentages
Personnel
Operation and Maintenance
Investment (Equipment Procurement and R&D)
Other expenditure (including Infrastructure)
. Revised data.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
53.2%
21.5%
20.9%
4.4%
50.5%
23.7%
20.6%
5.3%
51.7%
23.7%
19.4%
5.2%
51.0%
22.6%
22.1%
4.3%
50.7%
22.7%
21.1%
5.5%
51.9%
23.0%
20.5%
4.6%
55.0%
21.6%
19.4%
4.1%
s201 Bln s204 Bln s201 Bln s194 Bln s194 Bln s191 Bln s190 Bln
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
14/32
REFORM Investment BreakdownDefence Equipment Procurement and R&D/R&T1Expenditure in absolute values
Billions
ofEuros
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Total Investment
Equipment Procurement
R&D
R&T
s38.92
s41.90
+7.7%
s42.02
+0.3%
s40.92
-2.6%
s42.87
+4.8% s36.96s38.97
s4.81
-13.8%
+5.4%
-38.2%
s32.24
+10.7%
s33.27
+3.2%
s32.52
-2.3%
s34.31
+5.5% s29.17
s34.16
s1.93
-15.0%
+17.1%
-10.0%
s9.66
-1.3%
s8.75
-9.5%
s8.40
-4.0%
s8.56
+1.9%
s7.79
-9.0%s2.54
-4.3%
s2.48
-2.5%
s2.26
-8.9%
s2.08
-8.0%
s2.15
+3.4%
s29.13
s9.79
s2.66
. R&T is a subset of R&D.
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
15/32
REFORM Investment BreakdownDefence Equipment Procurement and R&D/R&T as % of Total Defence Expenditure
Defence Equipment Procurement R&D (Includes R&T) Other Defence Expenditure
. Revised data.
80.6%
4.9% (1.32%)
14.5%
19.4%
78.9%
4.3% (1.16%)
16.8%
21.1%
79.5%
4.7% (1.24%)
15.8%
20.5%
79.1%
4.3% (1.23%)
16.5%
20.9%
77.9%
4.4% (1.07%)
17.7%
22.1%
80.6%
4.1% (1.13%)
15.3%
19.4%
79.4%
2.5% (1.02%)
18.0%
20.5%
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
16/32
REFORM PersonnelNumber of Military and Civilian Personnel
2 425 169
2 294 2742 234 487
2 094 8722 009 907
1 925 4651 875 343
-5.4%
-5.2%-1.7%
-8.6%-3.9%
+12.8%
-5.7%
-5.3%-2.0% -7.3%
-2.9% -4.3% -6.3%
-2.6%-6.2%
-4.1%-4.2%
-2.6%
2 500 000
2 000 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
500 000
0
1 940 342
484 827
1 836 882
457 392
1 800 707
433 780
1 668 537
426 335
1 620 188
389 719
1 551 038
374 427
1 453 028
422 315
Military Personnel
Civilian Personnel
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
17/32
REFORM Expenditure per MilitaryDefence Expenditure and Investment (Equipment Procurement and R&D) per Military
Defence Expenditure per Military
Defence Investment per Military
. Revised data.
E
uros
140 000
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0
s103 654
s20 058
s111 136
+7.2%
s22 812
+13.7%
s111 850
+0.6%
s23 333
+2.3%
s116 324
+4.0%
s24 522
+5.1%
s119 455
+2.7%
s26 458
+7.9%
s122 925 1+2.9%
s23 829
-9.9%
s130 457
+6.1%
s26 821
+12.6%
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
18/32
REFORM OutsourcingOutsourcing absolute values and percentages
Outsourcing Remainning Defence Expenditure
93.0%
7.0%
92.7%
7.3%
92.7%
7.3%
93.0%
7.0%
92.9%
7.1%
94.0%
6.0%
92.1%
7.9%
Total
outsourcing:
14.1 bln
Total
outsourcing:
15.4 bln
Total
outsourcing:
13.4 bln
Total
outsourcing:
14.5 bln
Total
outsourcing:
12.0 bln
Total
outsourcing:
14.1 bln
Total
outsourcing:
13.8 bln
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
19/32
EUROPEAN COLLABORATION Equipment ProcurementNational and Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement absolute values
s6.7
s29.1
s34.2
s29.2
s34.3
s32.5s33.3s32.2
s6.8s8.1 s8.2 s7.7 s7.9
s6.0
National Defence Equipment Procurement
European Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement
Other Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement
. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.
Billion
s
ofEuros
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
s0.27
s28.15
s0.57
s21.26
s0.41
s26.61
s1.09
s24.29
s7.07
s1.00
s25.20
s0.74
s25.40
s6.11s7.14 s7.29 s7.34
s5.74s6.08
s0.58
s22.47
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
20/32
EUROPEAN COLLABORATION Equipment ProcurementNational and Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement percentage breakdown
National Defence Equipment Procurement European Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement
Other Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement
. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.
77.1%
2.0%
20.9%
78.8%
2.3%
18.9%
75.8%
3.0%
21.2%
74.7%
3.3%
22.0%
72.9% 82.4%
2.0% 0.8%
25.1% 16.8%
77.6%
1.2%
21.2%
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
21/32
EUROPEAN COLLABORATION R&TNational and Collaborative Defence R&T absolute values
National Defence R&T
European Collaborative Defence R&T
Other Collaborative Defence R&T
. Revised data.
. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.
Billion
s
ofEuros
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
s0.067
s1.728
s0.139
s0.049
s1.839
s0.260
s0.018
s1.813
s0.246
s0.032
s1.936
s0.290
s0.040
s2.027
s0.412
s0.045
s2.164
s0.333
s0.130
s2.272
s0.254
s2.66s2.54
s2.48s2.26
s2.08 s2.15
s1.93
s0.38 s0.38
s0.45
s0.32 s0.26 s0.31s0.21
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
22/32
EUROPEAN COLLABORATION R&TNational and Collaborative Defence R&T absolute values
85.7%
1.4%
12.8%
87.3%
0.9%
11.8%
85.6%
2.3%
12.1%
85.5%
4.9%
9.6%
85.1%
1.8%
13.1%
81.8%
1.6%
16.6%
National Defence R&T European Collaborative Defence R&T Other Collaborative Defence R&T
. Revised data.
. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.
89.3%
3.5%
7.2%
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
23/32
DEPLOYABILITY Troops DeployedAverage Number of Troops Deployed
4.3% 4.2% 4.5% 4.1% 4.1% 3.5% 3.4%
% of Military Personnel
Number of Military Personnel
Average Number of Troops Deployed
2 000 000
1 800 000
1 600 000
1 400 000
1 200 000
1 000 000
800 000
600 000
400 000
200 000
0
1 836 882
77 880
1 800 707
80 177
1 668 537
67 767
1 453 028
49 550
1 551 038
53 744
1 620 188
66 313
1 940 342
83 310
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
24/32
DEPLOYABILITY Deployable and Sustainable (Land) ForcesNumber of Deployable and Sustainable (Land) Forces
Deployable (Land) Forces
Sustainable (Land) Forces
% of Military Personnel
. Revised data.
500 000
450 000
400 000
350 000
300 000
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
0
450 117
106 402
449 702
108 802
425 824
110 814
443 108
106 754
464 574
125 237
444 681
110 482
426 704
99 71115.1%
22.0% 24.2%
25.8%
26.6% 27.8% 27.5% 30.9%
7.5%7.1%6.6%6.4%7.0%
6.0%
DEPLOYABILITY O i C
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
25/32
DEPLOYABILITY Operations CostsOperations Costs per Military Deployed and Total Operations Costs
Operations Costs per Military Deployed
Total Operations Costs
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
79
111 120
145 157
218 217
6 613 Mln
8 667 Mln 9 653 Mln
9 826 Mln
10 407 Mln
11 700 Mln 10 761 Mln
Thousands
ofEuros
BENCHMARKS
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
26/32
BENCHMARKSDefence Equipment Procurement and R&D Expenditure as % of Total Defence Expenditure
Defence Equipment Procurement and R&D Expenditure
Other Defence Expenditure
. Revised data.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
80.6%
19.4%
79.5%
20.5%
79.1%
20.9%
78.9%
21.1%
77.9%
22.1%
80.6%
19.4%
79.4%
20.6%
80.0%
20.0%
Benchmark
BENCHMARKS
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
27/32
BENCHMARKSEuropean Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement as % of Total Equipment Procurement
European Collaborative Defence Equipment Procurement
Other Defence Equipment Procurement
. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
79.1%
20.9%
81.1%
18.9%
78.8%
21.2%
78.0%
22.0%
78.8%
21.2%
74.8%
25.2%
83.2%
16.8%
Benchmark
65.0%
35.0%
BENCHMARKS
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
28/32
BENCHMARKSDefence R&T Expenditure as % of Total Defence Expenditure
Defence R&T Expenditure
Remaining Defence Expenditure
. Revised data.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
98.68%
1.32%
98.76%
1.24%
98.0%
Benchmark
2.0%
98.98%
1.02%
98.87%
1.13%
98.93%
1.07%
98.84%
1.16%
98.77%
1.23%
BENCHMARKS
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
29/32
BENCHMARKSEuropean Collaborative Defence R&T as % of Total Defence R&T
European Collaborative Defence R&T
Other Defence R&T
. Revised data.
. Partial: one pMS not able to provide data.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Benchmark
90.4%
9.6%
86.9%
13.1%
83.4%
16.6%
87.2%
12.8%
88.2%
11.8%
87.9%
12.1%
92.8%
7.2%
80.0%
20.0%
Additional Notes on the DataAdditional Notes on the Data
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
30/32
Additional Notes on the Data
EDA receives the data from the Ministries of Defence of
the 27 pMS. On occasions the data can be revised and this
may have an impact on the overall aggregated figures. In
order to have the most up-to-date data please check EDAs
website for updates:
http://www.eda.europa.eu/
Data on GDP, General Government Expenditure andPopulation have been collected from Eurostat. However,
this data is occasionally revised which may impact some
of the data calculated by EDA.
The data provided is at aggregate level which can
produce different figures from other sources due to
rounding.
For some spending categories, a margin of error exists
as accounting systems in the pMS differ. Nevertheless,
the presented data represents the best publicly avail-
able figures.
Comparisons are made for 2006 to 2012. It should be
noted that more firm trend analysis will only be possible
after several years of data-gathering.
Significant changes in the exchange rates with the Euro
has had a considerable impact on the 2008 data; the
lower amount of defence expenditure is partly caused by
significant drops of some of the pMS' currency exchange
rates to the Euro.
Additional Notes on the Data
Definitions
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
31/32
DefinitionsData collection is based on definitions approved by the pMS. The definitions below have been shortened
and edited for this publication.
Macroeconomic data:GDP, General Government Expendi-ture and Population are based on data from Eurostat.
Total defence expenditure is defined as total Minis-try of Defence (MoD) expenditure and defence relatedexpenditure from other sources (other Ministries specialbudgetary lines).
Civilian personnel:the authorised strength of all civilianpersonnel on 31 December of each year employed by allmilitary establishments and the armed forces.
Military personnel: the authorised strengths of all activemilitary personnel on 31 December of each year.
Personnel expenditure:all personnel-related expendi-ture for military and civilian personnel, including fromnon-MoD sources.
Defence equipment procurement expenditure:expendi-ture for all major equipment categories.
Research and Development (R&D):any R&D programmesup to the point where expenditure for production of equip-ment starts to be incurred.
Research and Technology (R&T): expenditure for basicresearch, applied research and technology demonstrationfor defence purposes. It is a subset of R&D.
Investment: Equipment procurement and R&D (includingR&T) expenditure.
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) expenditure:covers
O&M (spare parts and supplies) of major equipment, otherequipment and supplies, and costs related to maintainingutilities and infrastructure.
Other expenditure:all other expenditure that cannot beattributed to any of the above categories.
Outsourcing:defence expenditure for which services havebeen contracted at central level with service suppliersfrom outside the MoD and/or Armed Forces.
European Collaboration (a subset of Collaboration):agreement by at least two EU Member States Ministries ofDefence for project or programme contracts. Possible non-
EU partners share in such contracts is lower than 50%.
Other collaborative expenditure: all collaborative expendi-ture that does not fall under the European Collaborationdefinition.
Average number of troops deployed:average number oftroops deployed throughout the year (all Armed Forces).
Deployable (land) forces:(land) forces troops preparedfor deployed operations (the NATO 50% target).
Sustainable (land) forces: (land) forces troops under-taking or planned for sustained operations (the NATO10% target).
Operations costs: all national expenditure to cover incre-mental (extra) costs linked to deployed operations outsidethe EU Member States territory.
-
8/13/2019 Defence Data Booklet 2012 Web
32/32
European Defence Agency
Rue des Drapiers 17-23
B-1050 Brussels - Belgium
www.eda.europa.eu
Tel +32 2 504 28 00
Fax +32 2 504 28 15
www.eda.europa.eu QU-AB-13-002
-EN-C