Introduction

Deconstructing The Nepal And Pakistan Local Adaptation Plans For Action (LAPA)

This project analyzes the factors that shape the structural and implementation designs of LAPA in Nepal and Pakistan. It looks at what makes some structures appropriate and desirable in some

circumstances and inappropriate and undesirable in others Both Nepal and Pakistan LAPA's focus on bottom up local level planning for

adaptation, however, the operational design and structures of the two LAPAs are very distinct.

Nepal LAPA follows a national to local implementation approach by legislating the process at national level, followed by creating formal implementation channels. Pakistan LAPA follows a local to national implementation approach of devolving the development process to

local partner organizations, followed by official buy in through evidence learning.

Organizational Analysis

Implementation Design Analysis

Structural Frame

Political Frame

8-Step Analysis

Pakistan LAPA

Nepal LAPA

The methodology steps are:

Level 1Organizational AnalysisAnalysis of the structural

design of the LAPA frameworks using factors of size, processes,

environment, institutions, information technology, strategy, work force and legal structure. Level 2

Implementation Design AnalysisApplication of Kotter's eight-step

analysis to rank the designed implementation process.

The primary research methods are:Semi-structured and exploratory

interviews of key experts engaged in LAPA development process

Content analysis of LAPA frameworks and LAPA case

studies

Methodology Framework

Nepal Structure:Push towards hierarchal and

bureaucratic structure through legislation, however, capacity of staff and competition for official

funding pushes the structure towards a flatter structure with more

oversight.

Pakistan Structure: Strategy and goals push towards

creating a formal and stable structure and environment, however project

based approach pushes towards flatter, organic and informal

structure with strong oversight.

Nepal's legislation of the LAPA has a created a stronger sense of urgency for adaptation action, has mobilized a powerful group of actors from state and non state actors, but it has been weak in empowering others and creating demonstrable wins. Pakistan with its implementation-focused approach has empowered implementation actors through a devolved process partners but has been weak in institutionalizing the process by not utilizing government channels at this stage.

Acknowledgement of assistance and financial supportContact detailsLEAD House, F-7 Markaz, Islamabad, PakistanTel: +92 (51) 2651511Email: main@lead.org.pk

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Nepal Push on Structure

Pakistan Push on Structure

Size andAge

Less than 3 years old. Linked with formal government structure

Hierarchal and bureaucratic

2 years old, Project based, external funded

Simple and flatter

Core Processes

Formal – Ratified by Government

Hierarchal with multiple reporting lines

Organic Thin layered with few reporting lines to external funder

Environment

Institutional Arrangement

Strategy and Goals

Information Technology

Nature of the Work Force

Legal Form

Funding

Dense environment with many state and non state actors

Linked with NAPA

Clear goals

Well defined tool kit

Weak staff capacity

Government Programme

Linked with districts and village budgets

Departmen-talized to link with other actors

Formal- Influenced by NAPA goals

Stability of structure

Stability and formality of structure

Simple structure with strong oversight

Hierarchal and bureaucratic

Bureaucratic and influenced by competing nature of funding

Thin with few state and non state actors

No formal institutional link

Evolving goals

Well defined tool kit

Small project team

Donor Funded Project

External project funded with no official formal

Simple structure

Informal and organic

Push towards stability

Stability and formality of structure

Technocratic structure with push to professionalize

Flatter and influenced by reporting needs to donor and project manager

Flatter structure

Factors

Written by: Abrar Chaudhry (abrar.chaudhury@ouce.ox.ac.uk) Tahir Rasheed (trasheed@lead.org.pk)Design by: Abbas Mushtaq (amushtaq@lead.org.pk)Produced by: Communication Unit, LEAD PakistanCopyright 2014 LEAD Pakistan