dcv flakt woods 2005
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
1/8
Demand Controlled Ventilation Saving energy, improving economy and protecting
the environment with Flkt Woods Group
Saving Energy,Economy and
Environment with
Flkt Woods.
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
2/8
Introduction
In fact, approximately 40 percent of all the
energy consumed in the European Union
is used for buildings where ventilation
and air conditioning are major contributors.
As a consequence, and with the objective
to reduce the CO2
emissions with 20 percent
until year 2010 (compared with 1996 levels),
the Commission of the European Union have
issued the Energy Performance in Buildings
Directive (2002/91/EC). The directive is very
clear on the fact that energy savings in buil-
dings should not negatively affect the indoor
climate conditions.
Today, most people spend over 90 percent
o their time indoors e.g. at home, in
schools, at hospitals and oces. Breathing
resh indoor air is vital or our health,
perormance and weel being, and couldin act be considered as a basic human
right (1). However, we also know that
providing the necessary amount o resh
air to create a comortable and healthy
indoor climate consumes energy in terms
o electrical an power as well as cooling-
and heating energy. Energy that, when
produced also has a negative impact on
our environment and contributes to the
CO2-emissions to our atmosphere.
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
3/8
Article 1
Objective
The objective of this Directive is to promote
the improvement of the energy performance
of buildings within the Community, takinginto account outdoor climatic and local
conditions, as well as indoor climate require-
ments and cost-effectiveness.
Article 4
Setting of energy performance
requirements
1. Member States shall take the necessary
measures to ensure that minimum energy
performance requirements for buildings
are set, based on the methodology referredto in Article 3. When setting requirements,
Member States may differentiate between
new and existing buildings and different
categories of buildings. These requirements
shall take account of general indoor climate
conditions, in order to avoid possible nega-
tive effects such as inadequate ventilation, as
well as local conditions and the designated
function and the age of the building. These
requirements shall be reviewed at regular
intervals which should not be longer than
ve years and, if necessary, updated in order
to reect technical progress in the building
sector. Source: EPBD 2002/91/EC
The indoor air directly affects people in all
stages of life. Childrens performance and
learning capabilities in classrooms, patients
recovery from illness when in hospitals,
peoples productivity and quality of workwhen in ofces are all examples where in-
ternational research have shown that indoor
air quality (IAQ) has a critical impact on the
outcome. In recent years, research has also
shown a relation between inadequate venti-
lation and absence due to sickness emphasi-
zing the importance of providing a healthy
indoor air climate.
The expression indoor air quality has
different meanings depending on context.
In this text, the following aspects of AirQuality are considered:
Physical factors such as temperature
and humidity.
Mechanical factors such as air velocity
and ventilation rate.
Human bioefuents (e.g, odours).
So, is a healthy indoor air climate
contradictory to a high level of energy
performance in a building?
No, the solution is Flkt Woods Groups
ventilation strategy based on Demand
Controlled Ventilation!
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
4/8
Saving Energy and Protectingthe Environment with
Demand Controlled Ventilation
The main objective of a Demand Con-
trolled Ventilation system is to create
a high level of indoor air quality and
at the same time avoid unneccessary ventila-
tion and thereby to save energy.
Experience and eld studies have shown
that the level of CO2
in a room is a reliable
indicator of the air quality and ventilation
rate, and could therefore be used as the
determing parameter in Demand Control-
led Ventilation systems. People are the mainsource of CO
2in a building, if the number of
people in a room are doubled, the CO2
level
will also double. If one, or a few people leave
a room, the level of CO2
will proportionally
decrease.
A high level of CO2
in a rooom (>1000ppm)
indicates that the ventilation rate is insuf-
cient to obtain an adequate indoor quality.
Consequently a low level of CO2
(
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
5/8
that are subject to large variations or inter-
mittent occupancy, but also rooms with static
occupancy patterns will benet from the ade-
quate ventilation provided with this concept.
from Demand Controlled Ventilation would
be 45-65 %.
In general, Demand Controlled Ventilation
systems are more advantageous in rooms
M
PO1
M
PO2
M
PO3
M
PO4
M
PO5
M
PO6
M
PO7
M
PO8
MPOAv
UD1
UD2
UD3
UD4
UD5
UD6
UD7
UDAv
IOAv
Totav(DennisJohansson2005)
80Occupancy rate / %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Occupancy rates for different spaces in three different buildings
Example 2
Difference in occupancy between all-time and daytime
Occupancy all-time
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
6/8
Improving Economy withDemand Controlled Ventilation
Astudy published 2007 by Middlesex
University (3) shows the correlation
between levels of CO2 and wellbeing of occupants. The most important n-
dings from this study was the fact that when
levels of CO2
rise, the health complaints,
tiredness and lack of concentration also rise.
With CO2
levels above 1500ppm, 79 % of the
occupants reported feeling tired, and above
2000ppm 65 % of the occupants reported
having no level of concentration.
Even if it is difcult to set absolute gures
on the economical impact, the conclusion is
undoubtedly that poor indoor air qualtitywill have impacy costs through sick leaves
and decerased productivity and quality.
Depending on how a building is used, the
negative effects such as tiredness might
even involve critical risks e.g. in surgical
rooms, nuclear- or military control rooms etc.Unsatised tenants could also lead to
increased costs for a building owner in
terms of additional administration, bad-will
and ultimately loss of income if the tenants
decide to leave the buidling because of ina-
dequate indoor climate conditions.
Since CO2
levels in a room can be consi-
dered proportional to the ventilation rate, it
is also interesting to study the relationship
between ventilation rates and sick leaves.
Example 4 shows the compiled results ofseveral studies and suggests that sick leaves
will decrease when the ventilation rate
increases.
Example 3 & 4
Indoor air quality has nancial impact in the areas o peoples
well-being and thereby costs or sick leaves and health care.
1,0
Illnessorsickleaveprevalencerelative
to
prevalencewithnoventilation
Ventilation rate (h -1) air changes per hour
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
0 1 2 3 4
X
,
(Fisketal.2003)
, ,
, ,
,
549
30Count of Level of tiredness during AM occupancy of room
25
20
15
10
5
0
612
614
634
706
728
749
753
783
853
881
884
887
892
914
972
973
985
1039
(blank)
(Julie
J
Bennet2007)
The correlation between CO2
(ppm) leveland perceived tiredness Relative sick-leave as a function of ventilation rate
,
Drinka (1996), illness in nursing home
Brundage (1988), illness in barracks, all years
Particle concentration model
Brundage (1988), illness in barracks, 1983 data
Milton (2000), sick leave in offices
X
Alert and Awake
Average
No Level
Tired, ocassional Yarning
Very Tired
(blank)
4.
3.
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
7/8
(1) Under the principle of human right to health, everyone
has the right to breathe healthy indoor air.EUR/00/5020494. World Health Organization
(2) Modelling life cycle cost for indoor climate systems
Report TVBH-1014 Lund 2005. Building Physics LTH.
Dennis Johansson
(3) Carbon Dioxide and IAQ Correlation, Julie J Bennet,
M00029823. Middlesex University
Bjarne W. Olsen (4), Indoor Environment Health,
Comfort and Productivity, Clima 2005 Lausanne, 8th
REHVA World Congress, Switzerland, Oct. 9-12, 2005.
Olli Seppanen and William Fisk (5), A Method to Esti-
mate The Cost Effectiveness of Indoor Environments in
Ofce Work, Clima 2005 Lausanne, 8th REHVA World
Congress, Switzerland, Oct. 9-12, 2005
Alan Hedge (6), Linking Environmental Conditions to
Productivity, Eastern Ergonomics Conference & Exposi-
tion, New York, June 2004.
A
study by Bjarne Olsen from Interna-
tional Center for Indoor Environ-
ment and Energy (ICIEE) in Den-mark, indicated that improved thermal com-
fort, reduction in indoor pollutants, and
enhanced ventilation rates and effectiveness
can increase productivity by 5 to 10 percent.
Conversely, the research also indicates that a
10 percent decrease in tenant satisfaction with
IAQ results in a 1 percent drop in productivity
In Finland, researcher Olli Seppanen,
from the Helsinki University of Technology,
developed a conceptual model to estimate
cost effectiveness based on improved indoorenvironment. The model shows a decrease
in performance by 2 percent for each degree
increase of space temperature between 25 de-
grees C and 32 degrees C. Optimal produc-
tivity performance was found to occur when
the space temperature was 22 degrees C.
In a study conducted by Allan Hedge of
Cornell University, low temperatures in
work space also have a negative impact on
productivity. His ndings show that chilly
workers not only make more errors, but
cooler space temperature could increase the
hourly labor cost by 10 percent.
Flkt Woods conclusion from these nd-
ings is that investing in a demand controlled
ventilations system with individual tempe-
rature settings in every room will not only
improve peoples well being and performan-
ce, but also reduce costs for sick leaves.
Indoor climate conditions, and itsimpact on human productivity
Human perormance is highly aected by the thermal
conditions and perceived level o comort.
References
-
8/4/2019 DCV Flakt Woods 2005
8/8
FWG-DCVBrochure-EN-200805-869
9Copyright2008FlktWoodsGroup
CondesignCommun
icationsAB+4636308380
Flkt Woods Group SA
18, avenue Louis Casa, CH-1209 Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 309 3800
email [email protected] www.faktwoods.com
See global website or international sales oces www.faktwoods.com
We Bring Air to Life
FlktWoods is a global
leader in air management.
We specialise in the design
and manuacture o a wide
range o air climate and air
movement solutions. And
our collective experience
is unrivalled.
Our constant aim is to
provide systems that
precisely deliver required
unction and perormance,
as well as maximise
energy eciency.
Air Handling Units (AHUs)
Modular, compact and small AHU
units. Designed to ensure optimisa-
tion o indoor air quality, operational
perormance and service lie.
Air Terminal Devices and Ducts
Supply and exhaust diusers and
valves or installation onwalls, ceilingor oor are all included in our large
range and ft all types o applications.
Chilled Beams
Active induction beams or ventilation,
cooling and heating, and passive
convection beams or cooling. For
suspended or ush-mounted ceiling
installation and multi-service confg-
uration. With unique Comort Control
and Flow Pattern Control eatures.
Residential ventilation
A complete range o products or
residential ventilation. Consists o
ventilation units, exhaust air ans and
cooker hoods designed to optimise
indoor comort and save energy.
Energy recovery
Dessicant-based product and systems
that recover energy, increase ventilation
and control humidity.
Solutions for all your air climate and air movement needsFlktWoods is providing solutions or ventilation and air climate or buildings as
well as an solutions or Industry and Inrastructure.
Fans
Advanced axial, centriugal and
boxed ans or general and specialist
applications. Comprehensive range
including high temperature and ATEX
compliant options. Engineered or
energy efciency and minimised lie
cycle cost.
Chillers
Air-cooled and water-cooled chillers
with cooling capacity up to 1800kW.
Designed to minimised annual energy
consumption in all types o buildings.
Controls and drives
Variable speed drives and control
systems, all tested to ensure total
compatibility with our products.
Specialist team can advise on energy
saving and overall system integration.
Acoustical products
A complete line o sound attenuating
products, including rectangular and
round silencers. Media Free silencers,
custom silencers and acoustic
enclosure panels.