dc transmission media final
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
1/92
PropertiesofMedi
a
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
2/92
Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
3/92
Transmission media-parametersTransmission media-parameters
1. What kind of information it can carry ( Voice /
Data/ Video )?
2. What is the range / distance supported
without repeaters?
3. What topology it supports ?
1. Point-to-point ?
2. Point-to-multipoint ?
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
4/92
Transmission media-parametersTransmission media-parameters
4. Direction of transmission
1. unidirectional ?
2. bidirectional ?
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
5/92
5. what is the bandwidth ( data
rate ) supported ?
6. Delays
7. Ease of installation ?
8. Ease of maintenance /
Transmission media-parametersTransmission media-parameters
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
6/92
8. up gradation capabilities?
9. Reliability Life?
10. Rights of way ?
11. Economics / cost benefit?
Transmission media-parametersTransmission media-parameters
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
7/92
Fundamental Issues in Transmission Media
Information bearing capacityAmplitude response & bandwidthdependence on distance
Susceptibility to noise &interferenceError rates & SNRs
t= 0t = d/c
Communication channel
dmeters
t
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
8/92
un amenta ssues n ransm ss on
Media
Propagation speed of signalc = 3 x 108 meters/second in vacuum = c/ speed of light in medium
where >1 is the dielectric constant of
the medium = 2.3 x 108 m/sec in copper wire; =2.0 x 108m/sec in optical fiber
t= 0t = d/c
Communication channel
dmeters
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
9/92
Communications systems &Electromagnetic Spectrum
Frequency of communications signalsAnalog
telephoneDSL Cell
phone
WiFiOptical
fiber
102 104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024
Frequency (Hz)
Wavelength (meters)
106 104 102 10 10-2 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 10-12 10-14
Powerand
telephon
e
Bro
adca
st
radio
Mic
rowave
r
adio
Infra
red
light
Visib
leli
ght
Ultraviol e
tlight
X-
rays
Gam
ma
rays
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
10/92
Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
11/92
Wireless & Wired MediaWireless Media
Signal energy propagates inspace, limited directionality
Interference possible, sospectrum regulated
Limited bandwidth Simple infrastructure:
antennas & transmitters
No physical connectionbetween network & user
Users can move
Wired Media
Signal energy contained &guided within medium
Spectrum can be re-used inseparate media (wires or
cables), more scalable Extremely high bandwidth
Complex infrastructure: ducts,conduits, poles, right-of-way
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
12/92
Attenuation Attenuation varies with media
Dependence on distance of central importance
Wired media has exponential dependenceReceived power at d meters proportional to 10-kdAttenuation in dB = k d, where kis dB/meter
Wireless media has logarithmic dependenceReceived power at d meters proportional to d-n Attenuation in dB = n log d, where n is path loss exponent; n=2 in free
spaceSignal level maintained for much longer distancesSpace communications possible
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
13/92
Twisted-pair cable
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
14/92
Twisted-pair cable Physical description
Why it is twisted ?
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
15/92
Effect of Noise on Parallel Lines
Figure 7-6
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
16/92
Noise on Twisted-Pair LinesFigure 7-7
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
17/92
Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable
Figure 7-8
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
18/92
UTP ConnectorsFigure 7-9
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
19/92
Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
Figure 7-10
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
20/92
Figure 7.5 UTP connector
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
21/92
Figure 7.6 UTP performance
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
22/92
Twisted PairTwisted pair Two insulated copper
wires arranged in a regularspiral pattern to minimizeinterference
Various thicknesses, e.g.0.016 inch (24 gauge) Low cost Telephone subscriber loop
from customer to CO Attenua
tion(d
B/mi)
f (kHz)
19 gauge
22 gauge
24 gauge
26 gauge
6
12
18
24
30
110 100 1000
Lower
attenuation rate
analog telephone
Higher
attenuation ratefor DSL
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
23/92
Twisted PairTwisted pair Old trunk plant
connecting telephoneCOs
Intra-building telephone
from wiring closet todesktop In old installations,
loading coils added toimprove quality in 3
kHz band, but moreattenuation at higherfrequencies
Attenua
tion(d
B/mi)
f (kHz)
19 gauge
22 gauge
24 gauge
26 gauge
6
12
18
24
30
110 100 1000
Lower
attenuation rate
analog telephone
Higher
attenuation ratefor DSL
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
24/92
Twisted Pair Bit Rates Twisted pairs can provide high
bit rates at short distances Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Loop (ADSL) High-speed Internet Access Lower 3 kHz for voice Upper band for data 64 kbps inbound 640 kbps outbound
Much higher rates possible atshorter distances Strategy for telephone companies is
to bring fiber close to home & thentwisted pair
Higher-speed access + video
Table 3.5 Data rates of 24-gauge twisted pair
StandardData Rate Distance
T-1 1.544 Mbps 18,000 feet, 5.5 km
DS2 6.312 Mbps 12,000 feet, 3.7 km
1/4 STS-1 12.960 Mbps 4500 feet, 1.4 km
1/2 STS-1 25.920 Mbps 3000 feet, 0.9 km
STS-1 51.840 Mbps 1000 feet, 300 m
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
25/92
Ethernet LANs Category 3 unshielded twisted pair(UTP): ordinary telephone wires Category 5 UTP: tighter twisting to
improve signal quality Shielded twisted pair (STP): to minimize
interference; costly 10BASE-T Ethernet
10 Mbps, Baseband, Twisted pair Two Cat3 pairs Manchester coding, 100 meters
100BASE-T4FastEthernet
100 Mbps, Baseband, Twisted pair Four Cat3 pairs Three pairs for one direction at-a-time 100/3 Mbps per pair; 3B6T line code, 100 meters
Cat5 & STP provide other options
T i i di li i
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
26/92
Transmission media-application summary
LAN
Telephone-Local loop
Internet access network- DSL
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
27/92
Coaxial cable
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
28/92
Coaxial Cable Cylindrical braided outerconductor surrounds
insulated inner wireconductor
High interference immunity
Higher bandwidth thantwisted pair
Hundreds of MHz Cable TV distribution
Long distance telephonetransmission Original Ethernet LAN
medium
35
30
10
25
20
5
15
Atte
nuation(d
B/km
)
0.1 1.0 10 100
f (MHz)
2.6/9.5 mm
1.2/4.4 mm
0.7/2.9 mm
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
29/92
Coaxial cable-Physical description
Fi 7 8 BNC
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
30/92
Figure 7.8 BNC connectors
Fi 7 9 C i l bl f
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
31/92
Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
32/92
Categories of coaxial cables-applicationsCategories of coaxial cables-applications
Category Impedance Use
RG-59RG-59 75 Cable TVRG-58RG-58 50 Thin Ethernet
RG-11RG-11 50 Thick Ethernet
also used in long distance telephone transmission
Transmission media application summary
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
33/92
Transmission media-application summary
LAN Thin Ethernet-Thick Ethernet
Telecom carrier-back haul links
Cable TV
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
34/92
Optical fiber
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
35/92
Optical Fiber
Light sources (lasers, LEDs) generate pulses of light that aretransmitted on optical fiber Very long distances (>1000 km) Very high speeds (>40 Gbps/wavelength)
Nearly error-free (BER of 10-15) Profound influence on network architecture
Dominates long distance transmission Distance less of a cost factor in communications
Plentiful bandwidth for new services
Optical fiber
Optical
source
ModulatorElectricalsignal
Receiver Electricalsignal
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
36/92
Core
Cladding JacketLight
c
Geometry of optical fiber
Total Internal Reflection in optical fiber
Transmission in Optical Fiber
Very fine glass cylindrical core surrounded by concentric layer of glass (cladding) Core has higher index of refraction than cladding Light rays incident at less than critical angle c is completely reflected back into
the core
Propagation modes
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
37/92
Propagation modes
Basic principle Light wave communication
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
38/92
Basic principle- Light wave communication
Figure 7-19
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
39/92
Single Mode
Figure 7 19
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Figure 7-17
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
40/92
Multimode Step-Index
g
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Figure 7-18
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
41/92
Multimode Graded-Index
g
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Figure 7.13 Modes-Summary
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
42/92
Figure 7.13 Modes Summary
Figure 7-20
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
43/92
Fiber Construction
g
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
44/92
Multimode: Thicker core, shorter reach Rays on different paths interfere causing dispersion & limiting bit rate
Single mode: Very thin core supports only one mode (path) More expensive lasers, but achieves very high speeds
Multimode fiber: multiple rays follow different paths
Single-mode fiber: only direct path propagates in fiber
Direct path
Reflected path
Multimode & Single-mode Fiber
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
45/92
Optical Fiber Properties
Advantages Very low attenuation Noise immunity Extremely high
bandwidth
Security: Very difficultto tap without breaking
No corrosion More compact & lighter
than copper wire
Disadvantages New types of optical signal
impairments & dispersion Polarization dependence Wavelength dependence
Limited bend radius If physical arc of cable too high,light lost or wont reflect
Will break
Difficult to splice
Mechanical vibration becomessignal noise
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
46/92
100
50
10
5
1
0.5
0.1
0.05
0.010.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Wavelength ( m)
Loss(d
B/km)
Infrared absorption
Rayleigh scattering
Very Low Attenuation
850 nm
Low-cost LEDs
LANs
1300 nm
Metropolitan Area
Networks
Short Haul
1550 nm
Long Distance Networks
Long Haul
Water Vapor Absorption
(removed in new fiber
designs)
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
47/92
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Different wavelengths carry separate signals Multiplex into shared optical fiber
Each wavelength like a separate circuit
A single fiber can carry 160 wavelengths, 10 Gbps per
wavelength: 1.6 Tbps!
1
2
moptical
mux
1
2
moptical
demux
1 2. m
optical
fiber
Optical fiber-Physical description
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
48/92
Optical fiber Physical description
LED /LaserPhoto detector
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
49/92
Table 7.3 Fiber typesTable 7.3 Fiber typesType Core Cladding Mode
50/12550/125 50 125 Multimode, graded-index
62.5/12562.5/125 62.5 125 Multimode, graded-index
100/125100/125 100 125 Multimode, graded-index
7/1257/125 7 125 Single-mode
Fiber Optics-advantages
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
50/92
Fiber Optics-advantages
1. Greater Capacity
1. up to 3.5 Gbps2. less signal attenuation
3. Longer range
1. 10s of KMs
2. AT&T has developed transmission systemover a distance of 318 KMs without anyrepeaters
4. Immunity to electromagnetic interference
5. Resistive to corrosive materials
6. Light weight
7. More immune to tapping
Fiber Optics-Disadvantages
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
51/92
Fiber Optics-Disadvantages
1. Installation / maintenance complexity
2. Unidirectional3. Cost
not justifiable , if the bandwidth is low
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
52/92
Transmission media-application summary
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
53/92
High Speed LAN
Backbone in Campus Network
Metropolitan Area Networks
Cable TV
Telecom carrier-back haul links
Inter-continental links
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
54/92
Wireless
Wireless Media
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
55/92
Wireless Media
Terrestrial
Satellite
E l Fi d Wi l P d t f M t l
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
56/92
Example-Fixed Wireless Products from Motorola
F S O ti l C i ti E i t
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
57/92
Free Space Optical Communication Equipment
Table 7 4 BandsTable 7 4 Bands
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
58/92
Table 7.4 BandsTable 7.4 Bands
BandBand RangeRange PropagationPropagation ApplicationApplication
VLFVLF 330 KHz Ground Long-range radio navigation
LFLF 30300 KHz Ground Radio beacons andnavigational locators
MFMF 300 KHz3 MHz Sky AM radio
HFHF 330 MHz Sky Citizens band (CB),ship/aircraft communication
VHFVHF 30300 MHz Sky andline-of-sight
VHF TV,FM radio
UHFUHF 300 MHz3 GHz Line-of-sight UHF TV, cellular phones,paging, satellite
SHFSHF 330 GHz Line-of-sight Satellite communication
EHFEHF 30300 GHz Line-of-sight Long-range radio navigation
Note on wireless medium..
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
59/92
Note on wireless medium..
As the frequency increases, need of line-of-sightincreases
Higher frequency links facilitate more bandwidth
which means higher data rate
provision for multiple types of info ( Voice,data, video )
ISM ( Industrial Scientific & Medical band ) is
made license free, in most of countries in India 2.4 GHz
5.7 GHz
Note on wireless medium..
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
60/92
Range supported by a wireless link / network isdecided by key factors like :
Transmitted power Receiver sensitivity modulation technology
transmission technology terrain conditions
obstruction factors
attenuation weather conditions
Range supported is inversely proportional to thefrequency of operation
No e o w e ess ed u ..
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
61/92
Radio Transmission
Radio signals: antenna transmits sinusoidal signal(carrier) that radiates in air/space
Information embedded in carrier signal usingmodulation, e.g. QAM Multipath propagation causes fading Interference from other users Spectrum regulated by national & international
regulatory organizations
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
62/92
104 106 107 108 109 1010 1011 1012Frequency (Hz)
Wavelength (meters)
103 102 101 1 10-1 10-2 10-3
105
Satellite and terrestrial
microwave
AM radio
FM radio and TV
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF104
Cellular
and PCS
Wireless cable
Radio Spectrum
Omni-directional applications Point-to-Point applications
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
63/92
ExamplesCellular Phone
Allocated spectrum First generation:
800, 900 MHz Initially analog voice
Second generation: 1800-1900 MHz Digital voice, messaging
WirelessLAN Unlicenced ISM spectrum
Industrial, Scientific, Medical
902-928 MHz, 2.400-2.4835 GHz,5.725-5.850 GHz IEEE 802.11 LAN standard
11-54 Mbps
Point-to-MultipointSystems Directional antennas at microwave
frequencies High-speed digital communications
between sites High-speed Internet Access Radio
backbone links for rural areasSatelliteCommunications Geostationary satellite @ 36000 km
above equator Relays microwave signals from
uplink frequency to downlinkfrequency
Long distance telephone Satellite TV broadcast
Wireless Media
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
64/92
Wireless Media
Case Studies
Last mile Wireless Linksfacilitating
th ERP I l t ti f t bil i t
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
65/92
(
(
((
Bandwidth
Provider
[ISP ] - POPBangalore
Main Manufacturing Unit
Sate #1
Remote Manufacturing unit
State #2
7 KMs approx
6 KMs approx
POP of the Bandwidthprovider
in District #2
Karnataka
Bandwidth providers POP in District
#1
EthernetPort
EthernetPort
G.703
G.703
Ethernet
Port
Wireless Link being built by CCIPL
Wireless Link being built by CCIPL
Ethernet Port
ISP
the ERP Implementation for an automobile giant
Wireless WAN in Hydarabad
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
66/92
Main HUB
Raj Bhawan
Secretariate- C- Block
NIC-State Office
internetNICNET
Secretariate- K- Block
8.2KMs
Repeater (
2.69 KMs
(
1.19 KMs
8.2 Kms
Secretariate- L- BlockCIPR
Chief MinistersResidence
Institute
Of
Administration
(
Repeater
OU
CCMB
Repeater
5 KMs
1.8 KMs
Hyderabad
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
67/92
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network for National Informatics Centre
BANGALORE
Main HUB
Vidhana SoudhaKPCL
NIC-Visvesvaraya tower
Main Mini
NIC-Kendriya Sadan
Koramangala
internet
NICNET
6.76
KMs
( (
))) (
)
NIMHANS
HMT
CTO
0.53 KMs
High Court
CoffeeBoard
Election Commission
) ))
)M S Building
National Public
Education
Agriculture
11.2 Kms
Repeater Site
Repeater
UAS, Hebbal
GKVK
Repeater
Wireless Radio MA
Cell #3
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network in Delhi
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
68/92
CAPAT
BARODA
HOUSESEVA
BHAVAN
HUB
NIC Head Office
CGO-Complex
and
Internet Point-Of-Presence
RPTR #1(2)
RPTR #2
(8)
RPTR #3(11)
SASTRYBHAVAN
R3IDRC
WFPR4
R5
R6UNDP
R7UNICEF
R9 ISDNR10R12ISM & H
R27
NESCO
R28
R29
NCERT
D S T
R13PFC
PATELBHAVAN
R14
R15
PARLIMENT
R16NIRMAN BHAVAN
R17N H A I
R18MIN.OF TORISM
R20K A B
UDYOG BHAVAN
SOUTH BLOCK
R22
R21
R23NORTH BLOCK
R24
KRISHI BHAVAN
R25
R26D O D
S S B
LEGEND:
R = REMOTE STATION
RPTR =REPEATER
STATION
R30
D H C
R31D S C
R32D P &T
R33WHO
R34
L N B R35
R36
R37
M N E R
M F P
L N B
R38CAA & A
NICNET5.95 KMs
3.43 KMs
1.56 KMsShared 2 MBPS Radio Network
Wireless Radio MAN
Cell #1
Wireless Radio MAN
Cell #2
Cell #3
Wireless Radio MAN
Cell #4
Wireless Optical [ Infrared ] Link[ 10 MBPS ]
Shared 2 MBPS Radio Network
Shared 2 MBPS Radio Network
2 MBPS RadioLink2 MBPS RadioLink
Shared 2 MBPS Radio Network
Links
mor
etha
n40
organi
satio
nsto
the
cent
ralNICS
iteat
CGO
Comp
lexfor
E-Mail
and
inter
neta
pplica
tions
Example Fixed Wireless Products from Motorola
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
69/92
Example-Fixed Wireless Products from Motorola
Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
70/92
Radio Communication BandFigure 7-21
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
71/92
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Figure 7.18 Propagation methods
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
72/92
Figure 7-23, 24
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
73/92
VLF
LF
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Figure 7-25, 26
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
74/92
MF
HF
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
VHFFigure 7-27, 28
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
75/92
VHF
UHF
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Figure 7-29, 30
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
76/92
SHF
EHF
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Figure 7-31
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
77/92
Terrestrial Microwave
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
78/92
Antennae -at a glimpseAntennae -at a glimpse
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
79/92
1.Omni Directional Antenna1.Omni Directional Antenna
2. Directional Antenna2. Directional Antenna
3. Sector Antenna3. Sector Antenna
Antenna types
Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antennas
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
80/92
Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
81/92
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
82/92
Horn AntennaFigure 7-33
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
83/92
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Application of sectoral antenna based wireless system
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
84/92
Base station
System
AP 1
AP 2
AP 3
AP 4
AP 5
AP 6
600
600 600
600
600
600 Coverage upto
24 Kms
Example- Motorola Canopy Wireless products
Figure 7-36 Cellular System
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
85/92
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Cellular BandsFigure 7-37
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
86/92
Cellular Bands
WCB/McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Transmission media-application summary
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
87/92
Broadcast
Radio
TV
Citizen Band
Radio Mobile phones
Pager
Radio trunking
Transmission media-application summary
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
88/92
Outdoor applications
Telecom carrier-Back haul links
Wireless Metropolitan Area DataNetworks
Next generation Wi-MAX networks Last Mile Access links / networks
Indoor applications
Wireless [ Wi-Fi ] LANs
Bluetooth
Transmission media-application summary
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
89/92
Short RangeCommunication [ TV Remote control ]
Bluetooth devices
Input / Output deviceconnectivity Computer
High speed short rangelinks [ up to 4 KMs ] asalternative to Fiber optic
cables
Transmission media-application summary
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
90/92
Infrared Communication for Campus Area Network
-Case study
High Speed Wireless Optical Communication Links
End user : M/s Aditi Technologies
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
91/92
Palace View
M2
6 Mtrs
Park View
Manor House
500 Mtrs
-
8/3/2019 Dc Transmission Media Final
92/92
p p q p