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Day 3: The Market and the Polis
Daniel J. Mallinson
School of Public AffairsPenn State [email protected]
PUBPL 304
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Road map
Finish the Policy Process Model
Discuss Stone Chapter 1
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The Policy Process Model
1 Problem Definition and Agenda Setting
2 Policy Formulation
3 Policy Legitimation
4 Policy Implementation
5 Policy Evaluation
6 Policy Change
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Policy Legitimation
Is it as simple as passage by the legislature and approvalof the executive?
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Policy ImplementationDoes adoption mean proper implementation? What aresome of the hazards of implementation?
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Policy ImplementationDoes adoption mean proper implementation? What aresome of the hazards of implementation?
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Policy Evaluation and Change
How do politics enter into the process of evaluation andchange?
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Cairney 2016
How is Cairney responding to the process model?
Why must analysts be as concerned with the demand forinformation as the supply?
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Cairney 2016
How is Cairney responding to the process model?Why must analysts be as concerned with the demand forinformation as the supply?
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The Market vs. the Polis
Take 2 mins, think about the following:
How would you define the market? The Polis?
What distinguishes the two?
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The Market
“A social system in which individuals pursue their own welfare byexchanging things with others whenever trades are mutuallybeneficial.” Stone, 19.
One motivation for action: Self interest
Pursuit should benefit whole
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The Polis
“Public policy is about communities trying to achievesomething as communities.”
Collective will and effort vs. individual utilitymaximization
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The Polis
Power
Community
Motivation
PublicInterest
CommonsProblems
Influence
SocialInteraction
Loyalty
Groups
Information
Passion
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Community
Politics involves collective action
Definition of membership is political
Membership defines political, social, and economic rights
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Motivation
Self-interest matters...
... but so does altruism
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Public Interest
Collection of individual public goals?
Or goals that achieve consensus?
Or the general good?
Active, not passive
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Commons Problems
“Tragedy of the commons” (Garrett Hardin)
Conflict between self-interest and public interest
Collective action inhibited by avoidance of private cost or loss ofprivate benefits
Bridge: influence, cooperation, loyalty
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Influence
Choices are conditional on others
Sometimes leaderless collective behavior
Fuzzy line between influence and coercion
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Cooperation
Politics is conflict
Conflict unites and divides
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Loyalty
“Politics is therefore something like choosing a wife, rather thanshopping in a five-and-ten-cent store.” (Schattschneider 1957)
Presumption of loyalty
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Groups
Building blocks of the polis
Groups spar over policy, not individuals
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Information
Perfect vs. ambiguous, incomplete, strategically withheldinformation
“... interpretations are more powerful than facts.” (Stone, 30)
Information gathering is costly
Motivated reasoning and confirmation bias
Figure: http://colbertrally.com/wp-content/themes/colbertrally/images/colbert-truthiness.jpg
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What is issue framing?
Every battle is won before it is ever fought. - Sun Tzu
Control the narrative to win
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Passion
Emotion matters in politics
Political skills and passion are not fixed resources (exerciseexpansion)
Different meaning of economies of scale
Ambiguity and symbolism
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The Polis
Power
Community
Motivation
PublicInterest
CommonsProblems
Influence
SocialInteraction
Loyalty
Groups
Information
Passion
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Thoughts and Critiques
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