C:- Commonly O:- operatedM:- machineP:- particularlyU:- used inT:- tradeE:- education &R:- research

Aise machine jo amtor par vyapar, shiksha or khoj me prayog hoti hai

Computer in past/generations of computer

Features • Vaccum tubes were used

• Slow processing speed

• Large amount of heat

• Unreliable results

• Low level languages

• Maintenance problems

• Air-conditioning was necessary

COMPUTER MEMORYByte:-

1 byte 1 akshar hota hai

wo ya to koi number ho skte hai koi letter ho sakta hai ya koi symbol ho sakta hai

1 byte 8 bits(binary digit) se banta hai

Bits hamseha 0 or 1 ki form me hota hai

Bit sabse smallest unit hoti hai jiskocomputer process krta hai

• 1 Byte:- 8 bits

• 1 Kilo bytes(kb):- 1024 bytes

• 1 Megabytes (Mb):- 1024 kb

• 1 gigabyte(Gb):- 1024mb

• 1 terabytes(Tb):- 1024gb

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

• MACHINE LANGUAGE

• Computer sidha machine language kosamajhti hai.

• Isko first generation language bhi kehte hai

• Ye language binary digits(0 and 1) kosamajhti hai

• Machine par nirbhar hoti hai

• 0 or 1 ko yad rkhna bahut mushkil hota hai

Assembly language• Isme hum chote naam,symbol or code use

krte hai

• Ye codes bhi yad rkhne bde mushkil hote hai

• In codes ko hum mnemonics kehte hai

• Is language me hum jama krne k liye A, tulnakrne k liye C, load krne k liye L or guna krne k liye M ka istemal kiya jata hai.

• Is language ko istemal krne k liye hameASSEMBLER name k programme ko computer me install krna padta hai.

High level languages• Machine par dependent nahi hoti

• Isko 3rd generation language b kehte hai

• Isme hum jama krne ke liye ADD, print krne k liye PRINT ka istemal krte hai

• Kuch languages guna krne k liye * or jamakrne k liye + ka use krti hai

• Isko chalane ke liye hume compiler yainterpreter ki zarurat padti hai

Operating system• Ye wo aadesh hota hai jo computer k sab

hardware ko control krta hai

• Jab hum computer start krte hai to operating system load ho jata hai or memory me memory me copy ho jata hai

• Jab hum computer par kaam krte hai to ossab hardware or software ko ek sath jod krkaam krwata hai

• Computer os ke bina kaam nahi kr skta hai

Examples:Windows

LinuxUnix

Mac OS

Application software• Kisi vishesh kaam krne k liye istemaal

kiye jaate hai

• Personal use

• Multimedia projects

• Business k liye

• Education k liye

BASIC SHORTCUTS

Home:- to move to the starting row

End :- to move to the ending row

Ctrl + home :- move to the starting page

Ctrl + end :- move to the end page

Pg up:- one page up

Pg down:- one page down

Ctrl + l:- left alignment

Ctrl + r:-right alignment

Ctrl +e :- center alignment

Ctrl +b : -bold

Ctrl + I :- italic

Ctrl + u:- underline

Shift+ arrow keys:- to select

ctrl+ a:- select all

Ctrl + c :- copy

Ctrl+ x:- cut

Ctrl + v:- paste

Ctrl + s:- save

Ctrl+ f :- find

Ctrl + n:- new file

Ctrl + o:- open

Ctrl z:- undo

Ctrl + y:- re do

Ctrl + alt + del:- open taskbar

alt + f4:- to close the document

Alt + shift:- minimize, restore and close

SHIFT + F3:- To change the alphabet type