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10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped struck by truck HD unstable Open pelvic wound superior gluteal fold through rectum to scrotum Open rami Intubated at scene Learning Objectives 1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption 2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management 3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention Learning Objectives 1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption 2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management 3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention Learning Objectives 1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption 2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management 3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention Learning Objectives 1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption 2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management 3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention

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Page 1: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

1

Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries

David Volgas, MD

CoxHealth

University of Missouri

17 yo male ped struck by truck

• HD unstable

• Open pelvic wound superior gluteal fold  through rectum to scrotum

• Open rami

• Intubated at scene

Learning Objectives

1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption

2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management

3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention

Learning Objectives

1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption

2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management

3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention

Learning Objectives

1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption

2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management

3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention

Learning Objectives

1. Understand who the ‘at risk patient’ with pelvic disruption

2. Recognize response to resuscitation and how this guides management

3. Understand treatment algorithm with regards to orthopaedic and non orthopaedic intervention

Page 2: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

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What’s the big deal?

• Hemorrhagic shock ‐‐‐ Death!!!!

What’s the big deal?

• Associated injuries

– Blunt chest injury  60%

– Long bone fractures 50%

– Head and abdominal  40%    (liver, spleen, bladder)

– Spine fractures 25%

Pelvic Vascular Anatomy Pelvic Ligamentous Anatomy

Young – Burgess Classification Less Worrisome Types

Page 3: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

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Less Worrisome TypesMortality

APC III

APC II

VS

LC III 14%

25%

25%

37%

Transfusion Requirements

Young Burgess Manson

LC 2 2.8 4

LC 3 5.7 5.6

VS 7.8 1.7

APC 2 6.4 4.5

APC 3 20.4 8

Pattern Recognition!

• Expansile

• Tensile

• Increased volume

• Increased bleeding

Pelvic Related Bleeding• Venous

‐ 80‐90% 

• Fracture surface

• Open wounds

• Arterial

‐ Superior gluteal  (APC)

‐ Obturator  (LC)

‐ Internal pudendal (LC)

• Others

Mechanically Unstable Pelvis

YES NOHemodynamic Instability

Finish Course Elective Stabilization

pRBC and products per resuscitation protocol

Reduction and provisional stabilization of pelvis‐Sheet‐Binder‐Frame

Hemodynamic Reassessment

Page 4: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

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Chip Rout’s Algorithm

• Wrap ‘em

• Warm ‘em

• Fill ‘em

• Squirt ‘em

• Divert ‘em

• Fix ‘em

In English for the rest of us

• Pelvic Containment

• Thermoregulation

• Fluid Resuscitation

• Pelvic Angiography

• Colonic Diversion

• Operative Fixation

Chip Rout’s Algorithm

• Wrap ‘em

• Warm ‘em

• Fill ‘em

• Squirt ‘em

• Divert ‘em

• Fix ‘em

Pelvic Containment

• Taping

• Circumferential sheet

• External fixation

Gardner et al. JOT 2009

Circumferential Pelvic Sheeting

Page 5: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

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‐Traction‐Open wounds‐Check reduction

Presentation Post binder Comment about binder application

• Non ortho providers may or may not recognize increased pelvic volume

• No down side to have binder on LC pattern or acetabular fracture

• Can always remove if not needed

• Guess wrong  DEATH

Comment about binder application

• Non ortho providers may or may not recognize increased pelvic volume

• No down side to have binder on LC pattern or acetabular fracture

• Can always remove if not needed

• Guess wrong  DEATH

Comment about binder application

• Non ortho providers may or may not recognize increased pelvic volume

• No down side to have binder on LC pattern or acetabular fracture

• Can always remove if not needed

• Guess wrong  DEATH

Garder et al. JOT 2009

Working Portals

Page 6: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

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Pelvic Binders? Anterior Pelvic External Fixation•2nd phase•Transition from binder/sheet

• Improve and maintain reduction

•Stability•Time

Anterior Pelvic External Fixation

•AIIS

•Iliac crest

•Combo

Anterior Pelvic External Fixation

Disadvantages

•Pin site infection

•Not for all injuries

•Lack of posterior control

Chip Rout’s Algorithm

• Wrap ‘em

• Warm ‘em

• Fill ‘em

• Squirt ‘em

• Divert ‘em

• Fix ‘em

Thermoregulation

• Injury

• Hemorrhage

• Hypothermia

• Acidosis

• Coagulopathy

Page 7: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

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Chip Rout’s Algorithm

• Wrap ‘em

• Warm ‘em

• Fill ‘em

• Squirt ‘em

• Divert ‘em

• Fix ‘em

Appropriate Resuscitation

• Controversial

• 1:1:1 vs whole blood?

• Minimal crystalloid

Chip Rout’s Algorithm

• Wrap ‘em

• Warm ‘em

• Fill ‘em

• Squirt ‘em

• Divert ‘em

• Fix ‘em

Angiography

• Indications:- Transfusion non-responder

- High risk patterns

- Age > 60

- Contrast extravasation

- Bladder displacement

• Be present!

• Resuscitative

Endovascular

Balloon

Occlusion of the

Aorta

REBOA Pelvic Packing

• Be present!

• Pelvic containment

needed

Page 8: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

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Chip Rout’s Algorithm

• Wrap ‘em

• Warm ‘em

• Fill ‘em

• Squirt ‘em

• Divert ‘em

• Fix ‘em

Diverting colostomy

• Indicated in open pelvic fractures, especially with rectal tear

Diverting Colostomy

• Be present!

• Assist in location

• Future surgical

incisions

Chip Rout’s Algorithm

• Wrap ‘em

• Warm ‘em

• Fill ‘em

• Squirt ‘em

• Divert ‘em

• Fix ‘em

Gardner et al. JOT 2009

• Screw reduction • Select patients• Pure distraction pattern• Limited associated reduction

• Efficient technique mandatory

• Temporary or definitive

Gardner et al. JOT 2009

Page 9: David Volgas - Pelvic Trauma - Big Cedar Conference 2018 fixed · 10/2/2018 1 Acute Management of Pelvic Injuries David Volgas, MD CoxHealth University of Missouri 17 yo male ped

10/2/2018

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Our Patient

• 75 yo female

• Auto vs. ped

• BP: 80/40

• Resuscitating

Open Pelvic Fractures

• 50% mortality!!!!

• Rectal tears / vaginal tears

• Good physical exam in mandatory in all cases

– Supplement with speculum or proctoscope exam

Open wound management

• Inspect

• Plug hole

• Reduce pelvis

• Recognize debridement needed, possible diversion

Summary

• Emergency providers should recognize at risk fracture patterns

• Pelvic sheet is always appropriate but must be done correctly

• Remember to warm and fluid resuscitate patient at all times

• 80% of pelvic bleeding is venous and will respond to closing the pelvic volume

Words of Wisdom

• Remain calm & consistent

• Resist chaos• ATLS!• ABCDE