Date: 12/2/13

Activity: Industrial Working Conditions

Warm Up: Skim through Chapter 14 and give a 1-2 sentence summary of what it will be about.

Homework: Chapter 14 Notes due Wednesday 12/4

Pg Title Date

36 Ch 13 Reading Notes p1 11/18

37 Ch 13 Reading Notes p2 11/18

38 13.2 & 13.3 Graphs 11/18

39 13.4 and 13.5 Graphs 11/18

40 Rockefeller Bio 11/21

41 Rockefeller Notes 11/21

42 Carnegie Bio 11/21

43 Carnegie Notes 11/21

44 Chapter 14 Notes 12/2

45 Industrial Working Conditions ppt 12/2

• Read Intro– Was the Rise of Industry good for American

Workers? • Read and take notes on 14.2 (on page 44

in your notebook) •

Date: 12/3/13

Activity: Industrial Revolution

Warm Up: Describe some of the worst working conditions you remember reading/learning about yesterday.

Homework: Chapter 14 Notes due tomorrow

Pg Title Date

36 Ch 13 Reading Notes p1 11/18

37 Ch 13 Reading Notes p2 11/18

38 13.2 & 13.3 Graphs 11/18

39 13.4 and 13.5 Graphs 11/18

40 Rockefeller Bio 11/21

41 Rockefeller Notes 11/21

42 Carnegie Bio 11/21

43 Carnegie Notes 11/21

44 Chapter 14 Notes 12/2

45 Industrial Working Conditions 12/2

INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS

• PLEASE DO NOW!!!!In at least five lines, describe how you

would feel if you had to work twelve to sixteen hour days, six days a week, in a dirty, noisy and dangerous factory for very little pay?

*Think About: Of the above conditions which would you consider to be the most unbearable? Why?

Would you rather be at school?

Would you protest?

Would it make a difference if you made more money?

CRAFTSMEN GIVE WAY TO THE ASSEMBLY LINE

• HOW WOULD THESE TWO WORK STYLES DIFFER?

• HOW WOULD THESE CHANGES EFFECT THE WORKER?

RESULTS OF CHANGE FROM CRAFTSMAN TO ASSEMBLY-LINE FOR THE WORKER

• LOSS OF JOB SATISFACTION:– WORKER NO LONGER MAKES THE ENTIRE PRODUCT

• LOSS OF JOB SECURITY:– NO SPECIAL SKILLS NEEDED– WORKERS EASILY REPLACED

• LOSS OF COMRADERY & PERSONAL FREEDOM:– WORKDAY CONTROLLED BY MANAGEMENT– TOO NOISY FOR TALKING

• LOSS OF IDENTITY:– GROWING GAP BETWEEN WORKERS & EMPLOYERS– VIEWED AS NUMBERS RATHER THAN INDIVIDUALS

WORKING CONDITIONS

• LONG HOURS:– WORKDAY = ?

• 12 HOURS– WORK WEEK = ?

• 6 DAYS– VACATION = ?

• NONE– SICK DAYS = ?

• NONE

• LOW PAY:– OFTEN LESS THAN THE COST OF

LIVING

• DANGEROUS CONDITIONS:– HAZARDOUS MACHINERY– NO COMPENSATION IF INJURED– NO PROTECTION FROM DUST

AND FUMES– DANGER OF FIRE

CHILD LABOR

• WHAT ADVANTAGES DID CHILD WORKERS PROVIDE FOR EMPLOYERS?

– COULD BE PAID LESS $

– EASIER TO CONTROL

– FIT INTO SMALL SPACES

CHILD LABOR INFO• MANY BELIEVED LABOR WAS

GOOD FOR CHILDREN:– KEPT THEM OUT OF TROUBLE

• ECONOMIC NECESSITY FOR MANY FAMILIES

• MANY CHILD WORKERS WERE AS YOUNG AS 5 YEARS OLD

• LIMITED EDUCATION:– LITTLE CHANCE FOR

IMPROVEMENT

• MANY CHILDREN MAIMED OR KILLED

A young boy, aged 10, working in a glass factory in Alexandria, Va.

Fish cutters at a Canning Co. in Maine; Ages 7-12; Work from 7a.m. – Midnight.

Made 75cents/day; youngest boy in front & boy in back missing fingers.

Young workers at a hosiery factory in Tennessee.

Girl, age 10, working at Whitnel Cotton Mill in North Carolina.

She makes just 48 cents/day.

•CHILD LABOR WAS ONE OF THE KEY TARGETS OF PROGRESSIVE REFORM

Sweatshops

• NOT ALL PRODUCTS WERE MADE IN FACTORIES:

– PEOPLE’S HOMES WERE OFTEN USED

– ESPECIALLY IN CLOTHING INDUSTRY

– AS MANY AS 20 PEOPLE WORKING, EATING, SLEEPING IN A ROOM

– PAID ON A PIECEWORK BASIS

COMPANY TOWNS• COMPANY OWNED

EVERYTHING:– RENTED HOUSES TO

WORKERS– OWNED STORES

WORKERS SHOPPED AT

• COMPANY APPOINTED TOWN GOVERNMENT

• COMPANY HIRED POLICE & TEACHERS

• SPIES REPORTED ON COMPLAINERS

Men’s Lodgings

Women’s Lodgings

MONOPOLIES & TRUSTS (1)• BY 1900 TRUSTS CONTROLLED

80% OF U.S. INDUSTRIES

• 2% OF THE COMPANIES MADE 50% OF THE PRODUCTS

• POSITIVES:– MORE EFFICIENT– LESS EXPENSIVE PRODUCTS

(THEORETICALLY)– CAPITAL TO EXPAND AND

DEVELOP NEW GOODS

MONOPOLIES & TRUSTS (2)• NEGATIVES:

– LESS COMPETITION (HIGHER PRICES)– LOST JOBS– TOO BIG AND UNWIELDY– INEXPERIENCE WITH NEW LINES OF

BUSINESS– TOO MUCH POLITICAL INFLUENCE

• ABUSE OF POWER BY TRUSTS LED TO:– HIGH PRICES– RUTHLESS BUSINESS PRACTICES– CALL FOR ANTI-TRUST LAWS

• 1890 – SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT:– INTENDED TO COMBAT ‘RESTRAINT OF

TRADE’– LARGELY A FAILURE – BUSINESSES GOT

LARGER AND LARGER

Chapter 14 Notes

14.2 Conditions of the Working Class

1. Exhausting schedule - 90 hour weeks/$1 per day

2. Division of Labor – (monotonous)

3. Hazardous environments 4. Sweatshops

14.3 Labor Movements

Strategies unions used to attempt to improve the lives of their workers

Attempted to get •8 hour workday•Higher wages •Collective bargaining •Strikes (last resort)

Ways in which employers attempted to undermine labor unions

• Used competition for jobs • “yellow-dog contracts”

– Pledge NOT to join a union

• Shared list of union members and blacklisted those on it.

14.4 Strikes Erupt Nationwide

1. RR Strike of 1877 – Largest labor uprising in US history– Boosted union membership

2. Haymarket Affair 1886 (Chicago) – Strikers fought “scabs” and it led to

meeting at Haymarket Sq where a riot broke out

14.4 Strikes Erupt Nationwide3. Homestead Strike 1892•Steel plant manager hired Pinkerton Agency to stop strike •Strikers wound up taking over town and then eventually strikers were banned for next 40 years.

4. Pullman Strike 1894 •Lived in “pullman town” ; Cut wages but didn’t cut costs. •Government got involved in strike because it was stopping the US Mail •Troops sent in and it got violent

14.5 Mixed Sucesses

Setbacks

•Government supported employers

•Federal judges could and did shut down strikes

Gains

• Hours lessened

• Wages went up

• Made gains in working conditions

• Recognition of workers’ rights