Issues addressed Services provided

Flow Assurance Competence Center

Flow surges and slugging during normal, shutdown, and start-up operations

Traps, cold spots, operational scenarios or insufficient thermal insulation/chemical injection causing hydrate formation

Poor thermal design causing hydrates to form and resulting in loss of production, safety risk, and cost

Wax, asphaltene and scale deposits reducing production capacity

Sensor measurements failing to give representative picture of actual production conditions

Erosive wear in bends and complex geometries of a subsea system causing pipe rupture and hazardous contamination of environment.

Fatigue failures and potential loss of containment due to flow-induced vibrations.

Optimize equipment and flowline sizing. Perform multiphase flow simulations using FlowManager™ for life-of–field evaluations to validate line sizes, insulation design, and choke sizing. Perform transient analysis using Olga® to investigate slugging, and shut down/start up scenarios.

Establish hydrate control strategies based on field requirements and customers specifications, including thermal design and inhibitor injection.

Provide recommendation on thermal design of subsea equipment based on detailed analysis. Develop strategies to address cold spots and dead legs.

Develop proper production system design and strategies to mitigate deposition.

Advice on sensor location and ensure that sensors measure the desired parameters of the subsea production system.

Perform CFD erosion analysis for complex geometries and optimize design to reduce erosive wear.

Assess piping systems to determine which frequencies are likely to exist and to determine if these frequencies may cause vibrations. Provide guidance on piping design to reduce vibration and risk of structural failure.

` Define and optimize field architecture during early phase planning and design ` Advice on increasing recovery through improved production planning and

operations

The primary goal of flow assurance is to ensure production deliverability and operability. FMC Technologies Flow Assurance Competence Center is staffed with specialists in the fields of multiphase flow, production chemistry and technology, erosion, gas hydrates and heat transfer. Services are provided in all phases of field development, such as

FMC Technologies1777 Gears RoadHouston TX 77067USAPhone: +1 281 591 4000www.fmctechnologies.com/subsea

FMC TechnologiesPO Box 440NO-1373 AskerNorwayPhone: +47 6675 3600

FMC Technologies June 2009

Production Phase

Services are provided using a wide range of tools:

Feasibility studies and concept screening

` Virtual metering and flow assurance advice including multiphase flow modelling using FlowManager™ Corrosion management

` Multiphase flow modeling using OLGA® ` Fluid characterization using PVTsim ` Process simulation using Hysys ` Finite element (thermal) analysis (FEA) using ANSYS ` Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis

using CFX/Fluent ` DNV RP0501 or Tulsa erosion models

Erosion potential in complex geometry

Services Provided

Define flow assurance requirements, identify possible showstoppers, and outline optimized subsea system design for field.

Identify flow assurance challenges and strategies to address issues such as erosive wear, flow-induced vibration, hydrates, wax, cold spots, and dead legs.

Perform detailed analyses to ensure that flow assurance requirements are implemented in equipment design. Analyses include CFD/FEA for thermal design, erosion analysis, vibration assessment, and advice on operating procedures

Provide advice on flow assurance, operating procedures, surveillance, production optimization, and de-bottlenecking.

Feed

Detail engineering

Operation