Data SharingData Sharingwhat works… what doesn’twhat works… what doesn’t

Lynda Wayne, GeoMaxim/FGDCDr. Tim De Troye, SC GIS Coordinator

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

BackgroundBackground2008-2009

• South Carolina Geospatial AdministratorsAssociation (SC GAA) Data Policy survey shows lack of data policies in local government

2009• SC GAA develops guidelines for the

development of policies• SC GAA and GeoMaxim/FGDC survey national

community as to successes and failures with regard to data policies

• lessons learned compiled and guidelines drafted

A Process Framework for

Developing Local Government

Data Access Policies

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

For the record…For the record…Data sharing is valuable because the more data is used the:

• better it gets via broader QA/QC

• greater attention to you organization

• more opportunities to leverage data

• fewer competing data sets created

• more complementary data sets created

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Data Sharing SupportsData Sharing SupportsEmergency Response

If all sectors, public and private, can’t access critical information, lives can be lost

Economic DevelopmentIf they can’t find about you – they can’t come spend/invest their money

PlanningBad decision-making by others can have far-reaching effects on your community

Navigation Systems / Online MappingIf the route is wrong – you get the blame

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Differing Perspectives

Data Sharing IssuesData Sharing IssuesComplicated Data Sharing Agreements

Poor Data Documentation

Limited Capacity and/or Infrastructure

Personal Privacy and Public Safety

Data Control

Data Misuse and Exploitation

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Data Sharing AgreementsData Sharing Agreements

© The Simpsons

What Works:• Handshakes and trust• Collaboratively developed, effective,

standardized data sharing agreements

What doesn’t:• Formal agreements that include

imprecise language, serve as road blocks to innovative partnerships and add overhead

• Over-involvement on the part of Administration and Legal staff that attempt to cover all the bases

• AR GeoStor• U of Wisconsin

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Poor Data DocumentationPoor Data Documentation

What Works:• Providing metadata creation

and support in return for data access

• Support for community-wide metadata training and resources

What doesn’t:• Trying to create metadata for

another's’ data by guessing at how the data were created

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Balancing Right to Know and ConfidentialityBalancing Right to Know and Confidentiality

What Works:• Data standards that address privacy and

security issues• Edited/generalized versions that exclude

sensitive content• Public Record Laws & Data Sharing Policies that

address geospatial & establish guidelines as to who can access the data and how

• Recognizing that very little data is truly ‘sensitive’ • FGDC Data Access Guidelines

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

http://www.fgdc.gov/policyandplanning/Access%20Guidelines.pdf

FGDC Publication:

Access to Geospatial Data in Response to Security Concerns

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina ExampleSouth Carolina Example

• Home rule state – counties retain powerHome rule state – counties retain power• FOIA – interpretation varies between state FOIA – interpretation varies between state

and local governmentand local government• Many counties copyright/license data to usersMany counties copyright/license data to users• Prior gov to gov sharing of roads and imageryPrior gov to gov sharing of roads and imagery• Views of gov to gov sharing varies by countyViews of gov to gov sharing varies by county

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina – Building RelationsSouth Carolina – Building Relations

• CAP grant outreach to local government CAP grant outreach to local government • Build relationships first, ask for data secondBuild relationships first, ask for data second• Campaign on state uses of local data, stress Campaign on state uses of local data, stress

benefits to local community membersbenefits to local community members• Educate on importance of no data agreementsEducate on importance of no data agreements• Explain benefits of streamlined access to state Explain benefits of streamlined access to state

through data “collector” – minimize individual through data “collector” – minimize individual requests to countiesrequests to counties

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina – Expanding SharingSouth Carolina – Expanding Sharing

• Built on precedence Built on precedence of sharing centerlinesof sharing centerlines• Created inventory of address points/parcels – Created inventory of address points/parcels –

many counties have points, most have parcelsmany counties have points, most have parcels• Timeline:Timeline:

– After 1.5 years - asked for address pointsAfter 1.5 years - asked for address points– Six months later - asked for parcels (Six months later - asked for parcels (any formany form))– Six months later – asked for parcels/CAMASix months later – asked for parcels/CAMA

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina ParcelsSouth Carolina Parcels

Parcels Status

Complete

Waiting

OK w Agreement

Checking

No Sharing

Data Building

No Parcels

Parcels Status

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina Address PointsSouth Carolina Address Points

Address Points Status

Address Points Status

Complete - Address Points

Waiting

Complete - Parcel Centroids

OK w Agreement

Checking

No Sharing

Data Building

No Points

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina – Giving BackSouth Carolina – Giving Back

• Provide feedback on uses, caveats/storiesProvide feedback on uses, caveats/stories• Provide state-maintained data improved by Provide state-maintained data improved by

local data sharinglocal data sharing• Provide ungeocoded addresses for QA/QCProvide ungeocoded addresses for QA/QC• Ask for local government involvement on Ask for local government involvement on

projects that don’t involve money – continued projects that don’t involve money – continued demonstration of their value/expertisedemonstration of their value/expertise

• Giving back encourages Giving back encourages continued participationcontinued participation

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina – Avoiding BarriersSouth Carolina – Avoiding Barriers

• Never pay for data, if not a joint project Never pay for data, if not a joint project (imagery/LiDAR acquisition, etc.)(imagery/LiDAR acquisition, etc.)

• Educate on importance of avoiding Educate on importance of avoiding agreementsagreements

• NEVERNEVER ask local government to modify data ask local government to modify data– ESRI Data Interoperability ExtensionESRI Data Interoperability Extension– Model Builder can do the work for youModel Builder can do the work for you

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

South Carolina - ChallengesSouth Carolina - Challenges

• Must abide by local permissions granted – no Must abide by local permissions granted – no sharing with Feds at this point due to fear of sharing with Feds at this point due to fear of data getting pushed to public domaindata getting pushed to public domain

• Long timeline to effect a philosophy shiftLong timeline to effect a philosophy shift• Cannot force anyone to participate (a few hold Cannot force anyone to participate (a few hold

outs) – incomplete data coverage for stateouts) – incomplete data coverage for state• Maintaining relationships is labor intensive, Maintaining relationships is labor intensive,

but pays offbut pays off

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Balancing Right to Know and ConfidentialityBalancing Right to Know and Confidentiality

What Doesn’t:• Wholesale approaches that

eliminate sharing of all ‘potentially’ sensitive data

• Over-involvement on the partof Administration and Legal personnel that attempt to cover all the bases

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Maintaining Data ControlMaintaining Data ControlWhat Works:

• Earnest dialog about concerns and solutions

• Data stewards / trusted sources • Data lineage guidelines • Data management models that

allow the use of data that is maintained in your system

What doesn’t:• Treating public data as a private

resource

• NC Orthoimagery• LA Lineage Guide

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Data Misuse and ExploitationData Misuse and ExploitationWhat Works:

• Metadata, metadata, metadata with valid ‘Use Constraints’, ‘Distribution Liability’ and ‘Purpose’ statements

• Clearly stated license/copyright requirements and mandatory acknowledgement by the consumer

• Making data freely accessible so consumers use current version

What doesn’t:• Confusing misuse with innovation

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Limited Data Sharing Capacity & InfrastructureLimited Data Sharing Capacity & Infrastructure

What Works:• $ - especially if designated to build and

maintain data sharing capacity (new data collection, hardware, software, training, etc)

• A simplified process that adds no burden to the data provider

• Documenting return on investment to warrant capacity building

What doesn’t:• One time payments for data that are

not tied to capacity building

Data Sharing: what works… what doesn’t

Differing PerspectivesDiffering PerspectivesWhat Works:

• Approaching data providers with a proposal

• Data consumers that inquire as to the data providers needs and bring something to the table: $, services, data…

• Approaching data sharing as a cooperative partnership

What doesn’t:• Demands for data