data matters tribal sovereignty & the measurement of small populations
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Data Matters Tribal Sovereignty & the Measurement of Small Populations. Dr. Malia Villegas, Director N CAI Policy Research Center U. S. Census Bureau: Native American Heritage Month November 14, 2012. Overview. Access to quality & meaningful data is a crucial element of tribal sovereignty - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Data MattersTribal Sovereignty & the Measurement of Small
Populations
Dr. Malia Villegas, DirectorNCAI Policy Research Center
U. S. Census Bureau: Native American Heritage Month
November 14, 2012
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OverviewAccess to quality & meaningful data is a crucial element
of tribal sovereignty
“Robust data on the size and characteristics of the AI/AN [American Indian and Alaska Native] population in every
community is essential to charting a course for the progress of the Native people in that community” (DeWeaver, 2010, p. ii).
•Federal Responsibility for Data Collection & Reporting
•Tribal Use of Data
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Federal Data Collection & Reporting
ISSUE: ‘Counts’ related to sampling and measuring small populations, race/ethnicity
classifications, agency definitions and indicators
•Census Decennial vs. American Community Survey
•OMB 1997 Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity
•Cross-Agency Consistency (Definitions, Indicators, & Age of Data)
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Agency Implementation of OMB Standards
Final Guidance on Maintaining, Collecting and Reporting Racial and Ethnic Data (U.S. Department of Education, 2007)
“When aggregating local data for federal reporting…the seven aggregate categories for reporting to USED are:
• Hispanic/Latino of any race;
• and, for individuals who are non-Hispanic/Latino only: – American Indian or Alaska Native, – Asian, – Black or African American, – Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, – White, and – Two or more races.”
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AI/AN Population from 2010 Census
(Humes, Jones, & Ramirez, 2011)
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Why ‘Counts’ Matter
• Community planning– Identifying success– Identifying needs
• Access to federal and state funding
• Fostering solidarity and innovation
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Mitigating Inaccurate ‘Counts’
• Inter-Agency Coordination
• Tribal Consultation
• Hold-harmless Provisions
• Count Question Resolution & Census Challenge Program
• Working Groups on Measurement of Small Populations
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Tribal Use of Data & Indicators
• Using Existing Data Specific to AI/AN Contexts– Census Brief: That American Indian and Alaska Native Population 2010– Agriculture Census 2007
• Employing Culturally- Based Indices & Indicators– Ka Huaka’i: Native Hawaiian Ed. Assessment (Kamehameha Schools,
2005)– Alaska Native K-12 Indicators Report (First Alaskans Institute, 2004) – AIHEC AIMS Fact Book (2009)– Others related to unique conceptions of poverty, land management,
sustainability, wellness, child welfare
• Considering Unique Measures of ‘Status’– Gap Comparisons– Native-to-Native Comparisons– Trend Analysis– Use of multiple data sets
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Ka Huaka’i Framework
Source: Kamehameha Schools, 2005
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Dropout Rates for SY2001 to SY2006, Alaska Native and Statewide, Grades
7-12
0 .0 %
1 .0 %
2 .0 %
3 .0 %
4 .0 %
5 .0 %
6 .0 %
7 .0 %
8 .0 %
9 .0 %
1 0 .0 %
S Y 2 0 0 1 S Y 2 0 0 2 S Y 2 0 0 3 S Y 2 0 0 4 S Y 2 0 0 5 S Y 2 0 0 6
A la s k a N a tiv e s S ta te w id e
Source: Alaska DEED
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High School Graduation Rates for SY2004, by Ethnicity and ANCSA
Region
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Ahtna Aleut ArcticSlope
BeringStraits
BristolBay
Calista Chugach CookInlet
Doyon Koniag NANA Sealaska StatewideTotals
All Others Alaska Natives
Source: First Alaskans Institute, 2005
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NCAI Policy Research Center Efforts
• Focus on Native Youth– Young Population– Sits at the Nexus of Education & Workforce Development– Young Native Males Engagement– ANA Grant – Where are our Native Youth & Data Institutes
• FUDs and Database of Databases
• Appropriate Inclusion in National Studies– American Indian Population & Labor Force Report– FDA’s PATH Study– National Children’s Study
• PRC Research Update & Network Development
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Native Youth Count
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Native Youth Count
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NCAI PRC UpdateNATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS POLICY RESEARCH CENTER
2012 Annual Convention – October 21-26, 2012
RESEARCH UPDATE
The NCAI Policy Research Center serves the goal of “supporting Indian Country in shaping its own future” through the following mission: “To provide tribal leaders with the best available knowledge to make strategically proactive policy decisions in a framework of Native wisdom that positively impact the future of Native peoples.” Toward meeting this goal and mission, we provide the following summary of key data and research updates to inform the strategic planning and decision-making of tribal leaders:
Top Research Priorities There is a great interest in leveraging research tools to advance tribal sovereignty, to highlight the contributions of Native cultures and knowledges, and to strengthen Native communities. Below is a brief list of top research priorities identified by tribal leaders and others, including the need to:
Determine the contribution and impact of tribal enterprises in tribal, local, state, regional, and national economies;
Forecast tribal labor needs and markets; Assess the impact of climate change on AI/AN people and communities; Develop comparative, strengths-based measures of success in program outcomes; and Document how AI/AN culture and governance influence education, health, and justice sectors.
Tribal Research Oversight & Regulation The NCAI Policy Research Center provides support and training for tribal leaders working to establish tribal research oversight and regulatory processes through our 5-module curriculum, Research that Benefits Native Communities: A Guide for Tribal Leaders. This summary reports on current tribal efforts and two areas that NCAI is monitoring closely that may have impacts on tribal authority and access to research and data.
Tribal Research Codes & Policies. There is a small but growing number of tribes that have established research oversight policies as a formal part of their tribal codes (e.g., Ho-Chunk Nation, Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Navajo Nation, and Pascua Yaqui Tribe). Other tribes have developed research regulation processes managed by the tribal council or the tribal college (e.g., Cherokee Nation, Chickasaw Nation, and Choctaw Nation). Research that takes place in Indian Health Service (IHS) direct service facilities not managed by tribes is regulated by the IHS Institutional Review Board (IRB) – a body that oversees research ethics. Tribes that do not have a formal research review process in place often designate a local university as their IRB of record. There are also inter-tribal and regional research review bodies that have been established and designated by some tribes as their IRB of record (e.g., the California Rural Indian Health Board and the Rocky Mountain Tribal IRB). Several organizations offer training for tribes considering establishing formal research regulation policies and processes including the: NCAI Policy Research Center, Northern Plains Tribal Epidemiology Center, American Indian Research Center for Health, and University of Washington’s Native American Law Center.
US Department of Education (ED) Guidance on Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Race & Ethnicity Classifications Impacts Reporting of AI/AN Student Data. The 1997 OMB Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity specify that federal data will be collected using two ethnic classifications (Hispanic and non-Hispanic) and at least five racial classifications (e.g., White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander). The Department of Education’s 2007 Final Guidance on Maintaining, Collecting and Reporting Racial and Ethnic Data indicates that data on AI/AN students will only be reported when students select non-Hispanic and American Indian or Alaska Native alone. AI/AN students indicating
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Moving Forward TogetherAccess to quality & meaningful data is a crucial
element of tribal sovereignty
•Responsibility to Foster Inter-Agency Coordination
•Duty to Explore the Meaningful Measurement of Small Populations
•Responsibility to Foster Leadership in AI/AN Data
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Discussion & Questions
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Contact Information
WWW.NCAIPRC.ORG
Dr. Malia VillegasDirector, NCAI Policy Research Center