data dictionary & report

8/19/2019 Data Dictionary & Report

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The Data Dictionary


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ABAP Dictionary Concepts

The ABAP dictionary describes the logical structure of the objects

used in application development and shows how they are

mapped to the underlying relational database in tables or views.

The Data Dictionary 2


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3 Levels of the Dictionary

• Tables or structures

– Composed of one or more fields

• Data elements

– Each field refers to a data element that describes themeaning of the field

•

Domain – Determines the technical properties of the field

• Data type and size (including number of decimal places)

• Allowed data values

• Output characteristicsThe Data Dictionary 4


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Data Elements & Domains

• Domain

– Provides the technical description

• Element

– Determines the role played

• Create a domain called id_number

• Create elements student_id and staff_id based onthe id_number domain



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• The domain is the central object for describing the technicalcharacteristics of an attribute of a business object. It describesthe value range of a field. This is determined by specifyingformal characteristics such as external format, length and soon.In addition specifying fixed values or a value table canrestrict the value range.

• The data element is the semantic attribute for fields/domain. ItDefines exactly one role of a domain in a particular businesscontext for its dependent fields.It describes the technicalattributes and the meaning of the table field.It also contains thesemantic information of a field. Semantic information includesfield labels for displaying



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z_phonef

Label: fax number

z_phonew

Label: work number

z_phoneh

Label: home number

zphone

type: char

len: 12

phone_w

phone_f

phone_h

Customer Table Data Domain

fields Elements


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Data Elemen

Definition

Referential Integrity Chec


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Field Information



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Define the text to bedisplayed on screen or

report

Domain Definition


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Range/Value Integrity Che


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Tables

• Tables are made up of rows containing one or

more fields.

• When a field is defined its data type is

determined by reference to a data element. A

data element stores a field label and online

documentation (F1 help) but also references a

domain.

• A domain contains technical characteristics -

data type/length.


Data elements and domains are

reusable


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A table definition in the Dictionary



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Types Of Database Tables

• Transparent table

• Pooled table• Cluster table



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Pooled Table



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Clustered Table



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Viewing the Contents of a Database Table

• From the

– Data dictionary

•

Click on the table radio button & enter the table name• From the dictionary table: table/structure: display fields

screen choose utilities…table contents

– Data browser (from main menu item overview )

•

Enter the table name• Choose table…table contents or press enter

– Fill in the appropriate selection screen entries

– Click on the execute icon on the application toolbar,

(or press F8) The Data Dictionary 17


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Table Name

Number of Rows Selected

Sort Buttons


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Database Views


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Different Types Of Views

• DATABASE VIEWS : are implemented with an equivalent

view on the database.

• PROJECTION VIEWS : are used to hide fields of a table (only

projection).

• HELP VIEWS : can be used as selection method in search

helps.

• MAINTENANCE VIEWS : permit you to maintain the data

distributed on several tables for oneapplication object at one time.



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Database Views



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Projection Views



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Help Views



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Maintenance View



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Search Helps & Lock Objects

• The input help (F4 help) is a standard function of theR/3 system. The user can display the list of all possibleinput values for a screen field with the input help. Thepossible input values can be enhanced with further

information.• The R/3 system synchronizes simultaneous access of

several users to the same data records with a lockmechanism. When interactive transactions areprogrammed, locks are set and released by calling

function modules. These function modules areautomatically generated from the definition of lockobjects in the ABAP dictionary.

25


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Integrity Checking

• Domain range/value integrity checks

– Value table

• Only values contained in the value table can beentered in fields referring to this domain

– Fixed values

• Only values that match a value in the user specified

list of admissible values can be entered in fields

referring to this domain



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Integrity Checking

• Referential integrity checking

– Check table

• Foreign key values must match an entry in thespecified check table

• Check tables bound to input fields on data entryscreens

• Position the cursor on input field and press F4 toget a list of permissible values

• The default check table for a field is the value tableof the underlying domain

• From the “dictionary: table/structure: display fields”

screen, select GoTo…foreign keys (F8) The Data Dictionary 27


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Foreign Key value must match

Primary Key value of the check table

Cardinality Ratio of Foreign Key

Scroll Throu h Other Defined Forei n Ke s


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ABAP Commands

ABAP C d U d I A i i


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ABAP Commands Used In Assigning

Values

ABAP Commands 30

‘Write To’ Statements Move Statements

Clear & Free


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Move Statements

• MOVE f TO g.

• MOVE f+off1(len1) TO

g+off2(len2).

• MOVE c1 TO c2 PERCENTAGE n.• Move-corresponding itab1 toitab2.

ABAP Commands 31


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“Write To” Statements

• WRITE f TO g[+off][(len)].

• WRITE f TO itab[+off][(len)] INDEXidx.

ABAP Commands 32


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Do’s And Don’ts

ABAP Commands 33

DO’S.

MOVE ITAB-F1 to ITAB-F2.




DON’TS.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING

ITAB1 TO ITAB2.


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ABAP Commands Used In String

Operations

ABAP Commands 34

CondenseConcatenate Replace

TranslateSplitShift


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Translate STATMENTS

TRANSLATE c TO UPPER CASE.

TRANSLATE c TO LOWER CASE.

Example :

DATA letters(3) TYPE C.

MOVE ‘xyz' TO letters.TRANSLATE letters TO UPPER CASE.

TRANSLATE letters TO UPPER CASE.

ABAP Commands 35


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Replace Statements

REPLACE f ...WITH g...INTO h.

Example :

Data field(10).

Move ‘XYZAB' to field.

REPLACE 'B' WITH 'string' INTO

Field.

ABAP Commands 36


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Concatenate Statements

CONCATENATE f1 ... fn INTO g.

Additions :

……….. Separated by h . Example :DATA: ONE(10) VALUE 'john',

TWO(3) VALUE 'F.',THREE(10) VALUE 'Kennedy',

NAME(20).Concatenate one two three into name separated by space.

ABAP Commands 37


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Condense Statements

CONDENSE c.Additions :

…… No-gaps.

Example :

DATA: BEGIN OF NAME,TITLE(8) VALUE ' dr.',FIRST_NAME(10) VALUE 'Michael',SURNAME(10) VALUE 'Hofmann',

END OF NAME.

Condense name no-gaps.

Output :

Dr.MichaelHofmann

ABAP Commands 38


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Split Statements

• SPLIT f AT g INTO h1 ... hn.• SPLIT f AT g INTO TABLE itab.

ABAP Commands 39


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Example Of Split Statements

DATA : W_STRING(13 ) type c value‘JOHN.F.KENEDY’,

W_name1(4),

W_name2(1),

W_name3(6).

Split w_string at ‘.’ into w_name1 w_name2

w_name3.

ABAP Commands 40


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Contd …

Types: begin of ITAB_type, word(20),end of ITAB_type.

Data: ITAB type standard table of ITAB_type with non-unique default key initial size 5.

SPLIT 'STOP two STOP three STOP ' AT

'STOP' INTO TABLE ITAB.

ABAP Commands 41


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Shift Statements

• SHIFT c.

• SHIFT c BY n PLACES.

•

SHIFT c UP TO c1.• SHIFT c LEFT DELETING LEADING c1.

• SHIFT c RIGHT DELETING TRAILING c1.

ABAP Commands 42


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Example Of Shift Statements

Additions :…… Right

….Left

Data: alpha1(10) type c value 'ABCDEFGHIJ',alpha2 type string.

Alpha2 = alpha1.

Shift alpha1.Shift alpha2.

ABAP Commands 43


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Contd …

Variants :Shift c by n places

Example :

Data: alpha1(10) type c value

'ABCDEFGHIJ',alpha2 type string,five type i value 5.

Alpha2 = alpha1.Shift alpha1 by five places.Shift alpha2 right by 2 places.

ABAP Commands 44


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Some Other Operations

• CO --- contains only

• CS --- contains string

•CA --- contains any

• Example :

• ‘ABCDE’ CS ‘AB’ --- true

• ‘ABCDE’ CO ‘XY’ --- false

• ‘ABCDE’ CA ‘E’ --- true

ABAP Commands 46

ABAP Commands Used In


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ABAP Commands Used In

Mathematical Functions

• Absolute values : “ABS ”

• Sign : “ SIGN “

• Truncate : “ TRUNC ”

ABAP Commands 47

ABAP Commands Used In Logical


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ABAP Commands Used In Logical

Operations

ABAP Commands 48

EQ / “ = “

NE / “ “ LT / “ < “ GT / “ > “

LE / “ = “


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Useful Keywords

Initial

If w_var1 is initial.

…..

ENDIF.

Space

Data : w_var1 type c.

If w_var1 is space.

…..

ENDIF.

ABAP Commands 49

ABAP C d I B h


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ABAP Commands In Branch

Statements

ABAP Commands 50

IF VAR1 GT VAR2 .

WRITE : ‘ TEST1’.

ELSE.


ENDIF.

IF VAR1 GT VAR2 .


ELSEIF VAR1 EQ VAR2.


ELSEIF VAR1 LE VAR2.


ENDIF.

ABAP Commands For Different


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ABAP Commands For Different

Loop Conditions

Loop on internal table

LOOP at ITAB.

LOOP at ITAB INTO WA_ITAB

Loop on screen fields

Loop at screen

ABAP Commands 51


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Continue Statements

Continue

Effect :

CONTINUE terminates the current loop pass, return the processing to the

beginning of the loop and starts the next loop pass, if there is one

Example :

Do 100 times.

If SY-index >= 10 and SY-index


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More Looping

ABAP Commands 54

DO.

WRITE: / 'SY-INDEX –

Begin:', (3) SY-INDEX.

IF SY-INDEX = 10.EXIT.ENDIF.

WRITE: 'End:', (3) SY-

INDEX.ENDDO.

WHILE W_INDEX < 5 .

W_INDEX = W_INDEX + 1.

WRITE: W_INDEX .

ENDWHILE.


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DATABASE Commands

• Update

• Modify

• Delete

• Insert

• Select

ABAP Commands 55


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Database Update Statements

• UPDATE dbtab SET f1 ... fn.

• UPDATE dbtab. Or

UPDATE *dbtab. Or

UPDATE (dbtabname) ... .

• UPDATE dbtab FROM TABLE itab. Or

UPDATE (dbtabname) FROM TABLE itab.

ABAP Commands 56


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Database Delete Statements

DELETE FROM dbtab WHERE cond.

DELETE FROM (dbtabname) WHERE cond.

DELETE dbtab.

DELETE *dbtab.

DELETE (dbtabname) ... .DELETE dbtab FROM TABLE itab.

DELETE (dbtabname) FROM TABLE itab.

ABAP Commands 57


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Database Insert Statements

• INSERT INTO dbtab [CLIENT SPECIFIED] VALUES wa.

• INSERT INTO (dbtabname) [CLIENT SPECIFIED] VALUES wa.

• INSERT dbtab [CLIENT SPECIFIED].

• INSERT *dbtab [CLIENT SPECIFIED].

• INSERT (dbtabname) [CLIENT SPECIFIED] ... .

• INSERT dbtab [CLIENT SPECIFIED] FROM TABLE itab.

• INSERT (dbtabname) [CLIENT SPECIFIED]

FROM TABLE itab.

ABAP Commands 58


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Database Modify Statements

• MODIFY dbtab.

• MODIFY *dbtab.

• MODIFY (dbtabname) ... .

• MODIFY dbtab FROM TABLE itab.

• MODIFY (dbtabname) FROM TABLE itab.

ABAP Commands 59


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Database Select Statements

ABAP Commands 60

•SELECT Select Clause•[INTO Clause] FROM From Clause [WHERE Cond1]

•[GROUP BY Fields1]

•[HAVING Cond2]

•[ORDER BY Fields2].


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Example Of Select Statements

Data: WA_SBOOK type SBOOK.

Select * from SBOOK into WA_SBOOKwhere

CARRID = 'LH ' andCONNID = '0400' and

FLDATE = '19950228'order by primary key.

Write: / WA_SBOOK-BOOKID, WA_SBOOK-CUSTOMID,

WA_SBOOK-CUSTTYPE, WA_SBOOK-smoker,WA_SBOOK-LUGGWEIGHT, WA_SBOOK-WUNIT,WA_SBOOK-invoice.

ENDSELECT.

ABAP Commands61


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Different Join Conditions

• Inner join :

We only get the records of the cross-

product for which there is an entry in all

tables used in the view.

• Outer join :

Records are also selected for which

there is no entry in some of the tablesused in the view.

ABAP Commands 62


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Different Join Statements

Select ESLL~ktext1 ESLL~MENGE ESLL~MEINS

ESLL~NETWR

Into table I_ESLL

From ESLH inner join ESLH

On ( ESLH~PACKNO = ESLL~PACKNO )

Where ESLH~HPACKNO EQ

Gs_XEKPO-PACKNO

AND ESLH~DEL EQ c_space

AND ESLL~DEL EQ c space ABAP Commands 63


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Contd ...

Select ESLL~ktext1 ESLL~MENGE ESLL~MEINS

ESLL~NETWR

Into table i_ESLL

From ESLH outer join ESLH

On ( ESLH~PACKNO = ESLL~PACKNO )

Where ESLH~HPACKNO EQ

GS_XEKPO-PACKNO

AND ESLH~DEL EQ c_space

AND ESLL~DEL EQ c space ABAP Commands 64


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Join Conditions

ABAP Commands 65


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Internal Tables


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Topics of the Session:

• Concept of internal table

• Types of internal tables

• Declaration of internal table

• Commands related to internal tables• Exercise

Internal Tables 67


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Internal Tables

• Database tables store long-life data

• Internal tables store temporary data

– Table calculations on subsets of database tables

– Implementing complex data structures

– Reorganize the contents of database tables

according to specific processing needs

• Generate ranked lists• Combine contents from more than one database table

into a single table for easier processing

Internal Tables 68


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Internal Tables

• Used as – Snapshots of database tables

– Containers for volatile data

• Exist only at runtime, (unlike database tables)

• Consist of any number of records

• Note that it is not necessary to declare the initial

size of the table: sap’s memory managementallows the table to be ‘infinitely’ extensible.

Internal Tables 69

ABAP Internal Table


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ABAP Internal Table

Types•

Choose table type (and access method) by most frequently performedoperation

– Standard tables

• Access by linear table index or key

• Response time proportional to table size

– Sorted tables • Filled in sorted order

• Access by linear index or sort key

• Response time logarithmically proportional to table size

– Hashed tables

• Direct access (only) by table key

• Constant, fast response time

Internal Tables 70


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Internal Table Types

• ABAP offers standard, sorted, & hashed types of internaltables. The type of table that you should use (and hence the

access method) is determined by the operations that will be

performed most frequently with the table.

• Standard tablesMost appropriate for general table operations. Accessed by

referring to the table index (which is the quickest access

method). Access time for standard table increases linearly

with respect to the number of table entries. New rows areappended to the table. Individual rows are accessed by

reading the table at a specified index value.

Internal Tables 71


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Internal Table Types

• Sorted tables

Most appropriate where the table is to be filled in sorted order. Sorted

tables are filled using the INSERT statement. Inserted entries are sorted

according to a sort sequence defined by the table key. Illegal entries are

recognized as soon as you try to insert them into the table. Response time

is logarithmically proportional to the number of table entries (since thesystem always uses a binary search). Sorted tables are particularly useful if

you wish to process row by row using a LOOP.

• Hashed tables

Most appropriate when access to rows is by a key. (Cannot access hashed

tables via the table index)response time remains constant regardless ofthe number of rows in the table.

Internal Tables 72


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Hierarchy of Internal Table Types

Internal Tables 73


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When to Use Which Table Type

Internal Tables 74

Standard Tables


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Standard Tables

(History)•

Release 2.2 – Only standard tables with header lines

– Table structure determined with BEGIN OF

OCCURS … END OF .

• Release 3.0

– Header lines optional

– Introduction of type concept

• Release 4.0

– Introduction of sorted & hashed table types

– Allows key definition & uniqueness attributesInternal Tables 75

D l i I l T bl


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Tables With Header Line

Internal Tables 77

Program Work Area

R/3 Database


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Internal Tables - Header


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Internal Tables Header

Lines

• Advantages of header lines

– Convenient declaration

• Table and header line structure declared in same statement

– Ease of use

• Don’t have to explicitly move data into the work area

structure and then append the work area structure to the

table – Some statements require a table with header line

• Disadvantages of header lines

–

Performance - I/O is faster for tables without headerInternal Tables 79

l bl d


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Internal Tables - Header Lines

• Default declaration is without a header line

• To declare a table with a header line

– Data: itab type standard table of withheader line

Types : Begin of GS_xtype,

var1 type c,var2 type I,

.

.Internal Tables 80

l bl fi i i S


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Internal Table Definition Syntax

Internal Tables 81

S d d T bl D l i


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Standard Table Declaration

TYPES: begin of LineType,

F1,f2,

End of LineType.

DATA: itab TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF

LineType [WITH DEFAULT KEY]

Initial size 100

With header line.

Internal Tables 82

S d T bl D l i


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Sorted Table Declaration


F1,f2,

End of LineType.

DATA: itab TYPE SORTED TABLE OF

LineType WITH {NON-

UNIQUE|UNIQUE} KEY f1

With header line.

Internal Tables 83

H h d T bl D l i


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Hashed Table Declaration


F1,f2,

End of LineType.

DATA: itab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF

LineType WITH UNIQUE KEY f1

Initial size 100

With header line.

Internal Tables 84

Declaring Internal


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ec a g e a

Tables• with reference to existing internal or database table type

DATA type

[WITH HEADER LINE].

• with reference to an existing line structure

DATA like

[WITH HEADER LINE].

Internal Tables 85


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Declaring Tables With a Header Line

Data: begin of itab occurs 1,

Field1(8),

Field2 type i, …

End of itab.

Types: begin of itab_type,

Field1(8),

Field2 type c, …

End of itab_type.

Data: itab type standard table of

itab_type

With header line.

Internal Tables 86


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Declaring Tables Without a Header Line

Types: begin of itab_type,

Field1(8),

Field2 type c, …

End of itab_type.

Data: itab1 type standard table of

itab_type.

Data: itab2 like itab1.

Internal Tables 87

Do Not Declare Internal Table This


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Way

Don’t

Data: begin of INT_tab occurs 0,

EMP_code type i,Name(20),

Join_date type d,

End of INT_tab.

Internal Tables 88

Accessing Internal


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g

Tables

Internal Tables 89

•work area acts as interface for transferring data•read from table•contents of table line overwrite work area

• program refers to work area

•write to table•first enter data in the work area then transfer to table

work area

table

G i K O ti


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Generic Key Operations

Internal Tables 90

Cl R f h d F C d


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Clear, Refresh and Free Commands

• Clear

– Deletes the content of the header area of internal table

– Does not delete the content of the internal table

• Refresh

– Deletes the content of the internal table

– Does not delete the content of the header area

• Free

– Frees the memory space allocated to the internal table

Internal Tables 91

Data Transfer & Internal Tables


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Data Transfer & Internal Tables

• Filling line by line

– Append, collect, insert

•

Copying the contents of another table – Append, insert, move

• Reading line by line

– Loop, read, search

• Determining the attributes of an internal table

– Describe

Internal Tables 92

Append


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Append

• Appends new line to itab

• TO specifies the source area

• INITIAL LINE TO appends line with

each field set to default values

according to field type

•

To be used only with STANDARDtable

Data: itab type standard table of

spfli ,

itab_wa like spfli.

Select * into itab_wa

From spfli.

Append itab_wa to itab.

endselect.

Internal Tables 93

APPEND [ TO | INITIAL LINE TO]

C ll


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Collect

Internal Tables 94

COLLECT [ INTO]

•used to fill an internal table which has unique table key (or

standard key for standard table if no key defined):

– standard key is combination of non-numeric key fields

•if table entry exists with the same table key values as the

work area or the header line of the table

– COLLECT adds the contents of the numeric fields of the workarea to contents of the numeric fields in the existing entry

•else

– COLLECT is the same as APPEND

Collect


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Collect

• Often used to generate summaryinformation

Internal Tables 95

data: itab type standard table of sflight,

wa like sflight.

select * into wa from sflight.collect wa into itab.

endselect.

loop at itab into wa

write wa-carrid, wa-connid, wa_fldate, wa-seatsocc.endloop.

standard key fields

sflight-seatsocc

C ll t

Internal Tables 96


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Collect

header line internal table

abc 1 6

def 5 4

abc 1 7

abc 1 6

abc 1 6

def 5 4

abc 1 13

def 5 4

database

‘abc’ ‘1’ 6

‘def’ ‘5’ 4

‘abc’ ‘1’ 7

insert

accumulate

Insert


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Insert

• New line is inserted before the line which has

index – If the table consists of -1 lines the new line is

inserted at the end of the table

–

If INSERT is used without the INDEX addition it canbe used only in a LOOP…ENDLOOP by adding the

new line before the current line

– NB: insertion by index is not recommended for

SORTED table nor permissible for HASHED table Internal Tables 97

INSERT [ INTO | INITIAL LINE INTO] [INDEX ].

S Fi ld U d i T bl P i


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System Fields Used in Table Processing

•

SY-TABIX – Holds the index of the current line in the table

• SY-SUBRC

–

Return code for operation• SY-SUBRC = 0

– Operation was sucessful

• SY-SUBRC 0

–Operation failed

• SY-DBCNT

• Number of lines that were affected by the operation

• How many lines have already been processedInternal Tables 98

Copying Contents of an Internal Table


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Copying Contents of an Internal Table

• To append part or all of to

APPEND LINES OF [FROM ] [TO

] TO .

• To insert part or all of into

INSERT LINES OF [FROM ] [TO] INTO [INDEX ].

• To copy the entire contents of into itab2>

MOVE TO .

NB: again, inserting by index will create problem with SORTEDtable and not permitted with HASHED table

Internal Tables 99

Loop


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Loop

Internal Tables 100

•Reads line by line

•INTO specifies the target

area for tables without header

line

•FROM & TO specify begin and

end index values (forSTANDARD and SORTED

table only)

data: itab type standard table of

spfli,

wa like itab.

select * into table itab from spfli.

loop at itab into wa.write: / wa-carrid, wa-connid.

endloop.

LOOP AT [INTO ] [FROM ] [TO] [WHERE ].

Branching Out From the Loop


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Branching Out From the Loop

• Exit:

– Control goes to the end of the loop.

• Continue:

– Control goes to the beginning of the loop.

Internal Tables 101

READ by INDEX


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READ - by INDEX

Internal Tables 102

•Reads the line with index

from table

•faster than accessing the

table with the key value•if < 0 a runtime error

occurs

•INDEX valid only for

STANDARD and SORTEDtable


area for tables without header

line


spfli,

wa like itab.


read table itab into wa index 7.

write: / wa-carrid, wa-connid.

READ TABLE [INTO ] INDEX .

READ by TABLE KEY


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READ - by TABLE KEY

Internal Tables 103

•1st variation: Reads the line

with key values matching thosein wa2

• 2nd variation: Reads the line

with explicit key values

specified in

•system reads the first entryof itab which matches the

key value

data: begin of rectype,

f1 type I,f2 type I,

end of rectype.

data: tab type SORTED TABLE of

rectype with unique key f1 with header

line.Wa-f1 = 1.

read table tab from wa.

READ TABLE FROM [INTO ]

READ TABLE WITH TABLE KEY [INTO]

READ - by KEY


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READ - by KEY

Internal Tables 104

•Reads the line with key

from table •system reads the first entry

of itab which matches the

key value


area for tables without headerline


spfli,wa like itab.

select * into table itab from spfli. read table itab into wa with key carrid

= ‘LH’ connid = ‘0400’. write: / wa-carrid, wa-connid.

endloop.

READ TABLE [INTO ] WITHKEY [BINARY SEARCH].

READ -


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Variations

• Defining a sequence of key fields

WITH KEY = … =

• Defining the entire line as key

WITH KEY =

• BINARY SEARCH (useful only in conjuction with

STANDARD table and HASHED table)

– Table must be sorted in the order specified in the key

fields prior to the use of the READ statement with

BINARY SEARCH

Internal Tables 105

Describe


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Describe

•Allows you to find out how many lines arecontained in your internal table or how large you

have defined the OCCURS parameter when you

declare

Internal Tables 106

DESCRIBE TABLE [LINES ] [OCCURS].


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Changing the Contents of an Internal Table

• Changing lines

– Modify

– Write to

• Not recommended. Does not recognise the structure of

a table line. Overwrites section of table line even across

fields from start pos for length len

•

Deleting lines – Selected lines in a loop

– Using the index

– Adjacent duplicate linesInternal Tables 107

Modify


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Modify

Internal Tables 108

•Replaces a line in with

contents of

•INDEX option specifies the targetline of

•can be used only with standard

and sorted table

•without index, the target line isdetermined by search key

•TRANSPORTING moves only the

named fields from to


spfli,

wa like itab.

select * into table itab from spfli. wa-fldate = ‘19982201’.

wa-price = 1912.50.modify itab from wa index 5

transporting fldate price.

MODIFY [TABLE] [FROM ] [INDEX ]

[TRANSPORTING …] [WHERE ].

Delete


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Delete

Internal Tables 109

•Deletes line from itab

•can be used only in a loop


spfli,

wa like itab.

select * into table itab from spfli. loop at itab into wa.

if wa-carrid = ‘LH’.

delete itab.endloop.

DELETE .

Delete


110/244

Delete

Internal Tables 110

•deletes line from itab with

index

•after deleting the line the index

of the following lines is

decremented by one

•not allowed with hashed table


spfli.

select * into table itab from spfli. delete itab index 5.

DELETE INDEX .

Delete


111/244

Delete

Internal Tables 111

•deletes all adjacent duplicate

lines from itab

•without COMPARING

•uses table key to determine

duplicates

•with COMPARING

•uses the contents of thespecified fields in

to determine duplicates


spfli.


delete adjacent duplicates from itab

comparing carrid.

DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM [COMPARING ].

Delete


112/244

Delete

Internal Tables 112

•deletes all lines from itab

where index is between n1 and

n2•without FROM

•starts from first line

•without TO

•deletes to end of table

•without WHERE

•unconditional deletion of

lines between n1 and n2


spfli.


delete itab from 2 to 12 where carrid

= ‘LH’.

DELETE [FROM ] [TO ] [WHERE].

Sort


113/244

Sort

Internal Tables 113

•without BY

•uses table key to sort•

•ASCENDING or

DESCENDING

•as TEXT•char fields sorted

alphabetically rather than by

internal binary

representation


spfli.


sort itab by carrid connid descending.

SORT [] [AS TEXT] [BY [][AS TEXT] ... [BY [] [AS TEXT] .

Append…sorted By


114/244

Append…sorted By

Internal Tables 114

•Uses only with standard table

• builds itab sorted by

•descending sort order•it is less then 100 lines

use APPEND …SORTED BY

•otherwise use SORT after

table is populated

•table can contain only the

number of lines specified in the

OCCURS clause


spfli ,

itab_wa like spfli.

select * into itab_wa from spfli.

append itab_wa to itab sorted by

cityfrom.

endselect.

APPEND [ TO] SORTED BY .

Do’s & Don’t


115/244

• Do not use nested loop

• Do not select data from

database table within a loop

• Do not use binary search

without sorting

• Use read within a loop

• Select before the loop and then

read the data or use ‘for all

entries’ addition with the select

statement

• Check whether itab is initial

before using ‘for all entries’

Internal Tables 115

Summary of Internal Table Operations


116/244

y p

Internal Tables 116

Standard Table Sorted Table Hashed Table

INSERT

COLLECT

MODIFY

DELETE

READLOOP

INSERTAPPEND

MODIFY

DELETE

READLOOP

SORT

n

No Index

Operations

works like appendinserts incorrect positionworks like append

see above

sort sequence

may be broken


117/244

Simple Reports

What Is a Report


118/244

p

Executable program with a three-stage

function:

Data input data processing data

output.

Reports: reading and processing of data

using data from database tables,

without actually changing it.

Reports 118

Report Programming -

O i


119/244

Overview

• Task of a report

– Evaluate and display data from the database

•Reports are stand alone programs

• Reports are controlled by events

– Program events are always triggered externally

–React to events by• Programming the corresponding processing block

• Ignore the event by not programming the corresponding

blockReports 119


120/244

Report Programming -


121/244

Overview

• Report processing is controlled by events

– Processing the selection screen

• Presenting the selection screen, validating user inputs

– Reading the database

• Logical database events

– Evaluating data and creating lists

– Outputting the list

• Interactive list events are triggered by user mouse clicks

• If the program contains no event keywords

– Entire program belongs to the standard event which is

triggered after selection screen processingReports 121

Purpose of Report


122/244

• Reports are used by management as a tool

to monitor the day to day activity in theorganization.

• Basically reports are used to provide data

to the user in a desired format.

Reports 122

Structure of Report


123/244

• Report statement and report driven listheadings

• Processing blocks

• Control level statements

• Subroutines

• Includes

Reports 123

Concept of Flow Control in


124/244

ABAP

• Internal control

– Branching (IF, CASE)

– Looping (DO, WHILE)

• External control – Events

• Runtime events

• User events

– System does not necessarily process the statement blocks in the

same order as they appear in the source code

Reports 124

Concept of Flow Control in

ABAP


125/244

ABAP

Reports 125

event keyword

processing block

internal control

event keyword

processing blockinternal control

…...

external control

external control

event begin

event end

Internal Control

S


126/244

Statements

• If

IF logexpr1.

Processing1.

ELSEIF logexpr2.

Processing2.

…

Else.

processingN.

ENDIF.Reports 126

IF statements can be

nested to any level.

All IF statements must

be terminated withENDIF in the same

processing block.

Internal Control

St t t


127/244

Statements

• Case

CASE f.

WHEN f11 or f12 …or f1n.

Processing f1.

WHEN f21 or f22 …or f2n.

Processing f2.

When ….

When others.

Processing others.

ENDCASE.

• F is a variable name

• F11..fnn may be variables or

literals

• CASE statements can be

nested

• No further WHENs can follow

WHEN OTHERS

Reports 127

Internal Control Statements


128/244

• Iteration

– Do … ENDDO.

– Loop … ENDLOOP.

– While … ENDWHILE.

– Select … ENDSELECT.

• Breaking out of a loop

– Exit, stop, reject

• Selective loop processing

– Continue, checkReports 128

Do ... Enddo


129/244

Do ... Enddo

• Variations

– Do ... ENDDO.

–DO n TIMES ... ENDDO.

• Additions

– VARYING f FROM f1 NEXT f2.

• Basic form, DO...Enddo must contain a looptermination statement

– Exit, reject, stop

• Can process/skip current loop passReports 129

Do ... Enddo


130/244

Sum = 0.

Do

Sum = sum + sy-index.

Counter = counter + 1.

Write sum.

If counter > 10.

Exit.

endif.

Enddo.

Sum = 0.

Do 10 times

Sum = sum + sy-index.

Write sum.

Enddo.

Reports 130

Exit


131/244

• Always leaves the current unit and the program

continues after that unit

•

Context sensitive – Only leaves inner structure if structures are nested

• Can be used in

–

Unconditional loops (DO...Enddo) – Conditional loops (WHILE...Endwhile)

– Subroutine (FORM...ENDFORM)

–

Function (FUNCTION ENDFUNCTION)Reports 131


132/244

Reject


133/244

j

• Used in logical database processing• Stops processing the current database table

line and resumes with the next line of the

table on the same hierarchy levelIF logexp.

Reject.

ENDIF.

Reports 133

Continue


134/244

• Terminates the current loop pass and returns

processing to the beginning of the next loop

pass (if there is one)

– Excludes lines where logexp is true from the list

IF logexp.Continue.

ENDIF. Reports 134

Check


135/244

• CHECK logexp

– Evaluates the subsequent logical expression

– Expression is true

• Processing continues with the next statement

– Expression is false

• Terminates the current loop pass and goes back to the

start of the next loop pass (if there is one)• Negative CHECK in a subroutine terminates the

subroutine

•

Negative CHECK not in loop or subroutineReports 135

While … Endwhile


136/244

• Variations

– WHILE logexp ... ENDWHILE.

•

Additions – VARYING f FROM f1 NEXT f2.

• Performs loop body statements while logexp is

true – Pretest loop

• Can contain other nested loop structuresReports 136

Select … ENDSELECT


137/244

• Used for processing lines of data returned

directly from a database table

• Variations

SELECT < * | field list > [target]

FROM

* Where … +

* Group by … +

* Order by … +

ENDSELECT.Reports 137

LOOP AT … ENDLOOP


138/244

• Used for processing internal tables• Variations

– LOOP at itab. … Endloop.

– LOOP at itab INTO wa. … Endloop.

• Additions

– From n1

– To n2

– Where logexp

Reports 138

The ABAPProcessor


139/244

Processor

• ABAP program is a collection of processing

blocks which are executed in response to

specific events• Processing blocks do not have to occur in any

specific order

–

At program start time the system starts a process,(the ABAP processor)

• Calls these modules

• Controls the external program flowReports 139

Events


140/244

Reports 140

INITIALIZATION

AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT

START-OF-SELECTION

AT SELECTION-SCREEN

GET Events

Interactive Events

END-OF-SELECTION

TOP-OF-PAGE

END-OF-PAGE

AT LINE-SELECTION

AT USER-COMMAND

AT PF

}TOP-OF-PAGE DURING

LINE-SELECTION

Events & Their

Keywords


141/244

Keywords

• Runtime events

– Selection screen events

•

Initialization• At selection-screen

– Events after selection criteria has been

processed

• Start-of-selection

• End-of-selection

Reports 141

Events & Their Keywords


142/244

• During list processing

– Top-of-page

– End-of-page

• During display of (interactive) list

– At line-selection

– At user-command

– AT pf

first line of new page

last line of current page

user double clicks on a report line

user clicks on command button or presses

function key

Reports 142

Run-Time Events


143/244

• Initialization

– Processed before the presentation of the

selection screen – Can be used to initialise values in the selection

screen or to assign values to any parameters

that appear on the selection screen

Reports 143

Run-Time Events


144/244

• At selection-screen

– Processing block is started after the user has

specified all the criteria in the selection screen

– If an error message is displayed from this

processing block the system displays the

selection screen again and all input fields can

be changed

Reports 144


145/244

Run-Time Events


146/244

• End-of-selection

– Processing block executed after the system has

read and processed all database table records

Reports 146

Top Of Page


147/244

Under this event we can code the header of thepage which is to be printed on every page of

the report.

The TOP-OF-PAGE event occurs as soonas the system starts processing a new

page of a list. The system processes the

statements following TOP-OF-PAGEbefore outputting the first line on a new

page

Reports 147

End Of Page


148/244

This event occurs to define a pagefooter,if, while processing a list page,

the system reaches the lines reserved

for the page footer, or if the RESERVEstatement triggers a page break.

Reports 148

Control Level Statements


149/244

1. At new - beginning of a group of lines with the same contents in the field

and in the fields left of

2. At end of - end of a group of lines with the same contents in the field and in

the fields left of

3. At first – first line of internal table

4. At last – last line of internal table

In a loop which processes an internal table, you can use special

control structures for control break

processing. All these structures begin withAT and end with Endat. The sequence of

statements which lies between them is then

executed if a control break occurs.Reports 149

Control Level Statements


150/244

If you have sorted an extract dataset by the fields , , ..., the

processing of the control levels should be written between the othercontrol statements as follows:

Loop.

At first.... ENDAT.

AT NEW ....... ENDAT.

AT NEW ....... ENDAT.

...

...

at end of .... ENDAT.

AT END OF .... ENDAT.

At last..... ENDAT.

Endloop.Reports 150

Control Level Statements - SUM


151/244

The ABAP statement SUM can be used onlywithin a loop.

When used in an AT – ENDAT block, the

system calculates the totals for the numericfields of all lines in the current line group and

writes them to the corresponding fields of the

work area.E.G.

Loop at ITAB into line.

At end of col1Reports 151

Report Statement


152/244

•

REPORT keyword is used along with the name ofthe report as the starting line of the report to

introduce the program as a report the SAP

system.

• Some additions which are used with this

statement. Are as follows -:

NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING – this will

suppress the page heading which is taken as a

default heading by SAP.

LINE-COUNT – to determine the page length ofReports 152

Report Statement


153/244

shows the length of the total reportlength.

will reserve n no of lines as space for

the page footer.

LINE-SIZE – this specify the width of the

report.MESSAGE-ID – this contains the ID where

messages to be used are stored.Reports 153

SELECT Overview


154/244

Reports 154

SELECT

FROM

INTO

GROUP BY

which columns?

which table?

where to?

which entries?

how are they grouped?

how are they arranged?

WHERE

ORDER BY


155/244

SELECT Clause


156/244

Select *

SELECT ...

Reports 156

• SELECT *

• returns all columns of the database table

• SELECT ...

• can be either fields or aggregate functions• MIN, MAX, AVG, SUM, COUNT

• NB. No commas between fields in f ield list

SELECT INTO ...


157/244

• – fields placed left to right into components of

• (, , ... ) – fields placed left to right into fields ...

•

TABLE – selected data not processed line by line but all at once

• CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF – fields placed into fields in which have the corresponding name

• CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE – as above except selected data is placed in all at once

Reports 157

WHERE


158/244

•

• BETWEEN AND

• LIKE

• CONTAINS

• IN ( , ... )

•

IN

Reports 158


159/244

Reports 159

EQ

GELE

NE

GT

LT

=

>=

=<

><

>


160/244

GROUP BY ...


161/244

• combines groups of entries into single entries• a group consists of entries that have identical

...

• SELECT list – must contain ...

– fields other than ... must be aggregate

functions , eg. SUM( LUGGWEIGHT )

Reports 161

ORDER BY


162/244

• determines sort order of selected result table• ...ORDER BY PRIMARY KEY

– sorts entries by primary key of the database table• ...ORDER BY [ASCENDING | DESCENDING]

[ASCENDING | DESCENDING] ...

– default sort order is ascending

Select Carrid Connid CityFrom Cityto

From SPFLI

Order by Carrid Connid CityTo Descending. Reports 162

Message & Message Class


163/244

• Messages are grouped together into anobject called message class where

individual messages are identified by an

unique number.• Transaction code : SE91

Reports 163

Different Message Types

A Termination The message appears in a dialog box, and the program terminates. When theh fi d th t l t t th t hi h t


164/244

Reports 164

user has confirmed the message, control returns to the next-highest area menu.

E ErrorDepending on the program context, an error dialog appears or the program

terminates.

I Information The message appears in a dialog box. Once the user has confirmed themessage, the program continues immediately after the MESSAGE statement.

S Status The program continues normally after the MESSAGE statement, and themessage is displayed in the status bar of the next screen.

W Warning Depending on the program context, an error dialog appears or the programterminates.

X Exit No message is displayed, and the program terminates with a short dump.Message type X allows you to force a program termination.

Messages in Reports


165/244

• messages are stored in table T100

• REPORT MESSAGE-ID xx.

– xx represents an application area

–

Reports 165

Messages in Reports


166/244

•

MESSAGE xnnn. – x is one of Displayed Outcome

• I Info window resumes processing

• W Warning status line terminates current

list level• E Error status line terminates current

list level

• A Abend window termination aftermessage

• X Exit status line immediatetermination

• S Success status line resumes processing

– nnn is the message numberReports 166

Messages in Reports


167/244

MESSAGE xnnn *WITH …+.

Reports 167

& characters serve as placeholders in a message

200 Level &1 not allowed here

WITH option allows contents of fields < f i > to replace the &i

according to the value of I

MESSAGE E200 WITH SY-LSIND.

Messages in Reports


168/244

MESSAGE ID TYPE

NUMBER *WITH … +.

Reports 168

allows a message to be specified dynamically at runtime

do not need the MESSAGE-ID xx option in the REPORT

statement

is the message application area

is the message type (I, W, E, A, X, S)

is the message number

Write Statements


169/244

Reports 169

•Write : / Var1 As Checkbox.

•Write : / Var2 As Symbol.

•

Write : / Var3 As Icon.•Write : / Var4 As Line.

Several Options In Write

Statements


170/244

• NO-ZERO

• NO-SIGN

• DD/MM/YY

• LEFT-JUSTIFIED

• RIGHT-JUSTIFIED

• CENTERED

• USING EDIT MASK mask

• USING NO EDIT MASK• DECIMALS d

Reports 170

Several Options In WriteStatements


171/244

• No-gap

• No grouping

• CURRENCY w

• EXPONENT e

• ROUND r Reports 171

Formatting of Report


172/244

•Report can be printed using variousstatements like -:

Write

Write:[/][][()] E.G.

WRITE: 'one',

/ ' ',/ 'two'.

Reports 172

Output Format of Predefined Types


173/244

Reports 173

c field length left-justified

n field length left-justified

i 11 right-justified

f 22 right-justified

p 2*fieldlength (+1) right-justified

d 8 left-justified

t 6 left-justified

x 2*field length left-justified

Positioning Output


174/244

WRITE AT [/] [pos] [(len)] .

• ‘/’ Denotes new line

•

–Horizontal position

– Always output at that position regardless of whether there is

enough space or other fields overwritten

• ()

– Output length

– If is too short

• Numeric fields truncated (left), asterisk displayed

• All others truncated (right) with no indication

Reports 174

Some Examples of Pos (Len)


175/244

data: word(16) value '0123456789ABCDEF',

col type i value 5,

len type i value 10.

write /5(12) word. 0123456789AB

write at col(len) word. 0123456789

write /(3) 12345. *45

write: /5(8) word, 25(2)word. 01234567 01

Reports 175

Formatting Options – All Data

Types


176/244

yp

WRITE ....

Reports 176

• LEFT-JUSTIFIED Output is left justified

• RIGHT-JUSTIFIED Output is right justified

• CENTERED Output is centered

• UNDER Output starts under field

• NO-GAP Blank after field is omitted

• USING EDIT MASK Specifies a format template

• USING NO EDIT MASK Deactivates a template

• NO-ZERO All zero field replaced by blanks

• COLOR Color of output specified by

Formatting Options - Examples


177/244

data c(10) value ‘text’.

write: / ‘Left Just :’, c left-justified. Left Just : text

write: / ‘Right Just:’, c right-justified. Right Just: text write: / ‘Centered :’, c centered. Centered : text

write: / ‘aaa ‘, ‘bbb ‘, ‘ccc ‘, ‘ddd’. aaa bbb ccc ddd

write: / c under ‘bbb ‘ text

write: / c using edit mask ‘_:_%_8_!’. t:e%x8t!

Reports 177

Formatting Options - NumericFields


178/244

Reports 178

• NO-SIGN Leading sign is not output

• DECIMALS Output has digits after decimal

• EXPONENT Type f fields exponent defined in

• ROUND Type p fields are divided by 10**(r)

and then rounded

• CURRENCY According to definition of in table

TCURX

• UNIT Number of decimal places is fixed

according to the definition of in

table T006 for type p fields

Formatting Options - Date Fields


179/244

Reports 179

WRITE

• DD/MM/YY

• MM/DD/YY• DD/MM/YYYY

• MM/DD/YYYY

• DDMMYY

• MMDDYY• YYMMDD

Formatting Options - Examples


180/244

Data X type p value ‘-12345.678’,

F type f value ‘-12345.678’,

D type d value ‘19980323’.

Write: / X decimals 2. 12,346.000-

Write: / F decimals 2. -1.235e+04 Write: / X exponent 2. 12,346-

Write: / F exponent 2. -123.4567800000000e+02

Write: / D DD/MM/YY 23/03/99

Reports 180

Format


181/244

• formatting options used in a WRITE statement overwrite the

corresponding settings of a previously issued FORMAT

statement for the current output

• for each new event the system resets all formatting options to

their default values

– all options have a default value of OFF except the

INTENSIFIED option

• FORMAT RESET

– sets all formatting options to OFF in one go

Reports 181

COLOURS IN LISTS


182/244

FORMAT COLOR =

INTENSIFIED =

INVERSE = • COLOR sets colour of line background

• INVERSE influences the foreground colour

– INVERSE ON sets the foreground to the selected COLOR option

• INTENSIFIED determines the colour palette for the line background

Reports 182

LIST COLOUR OPTIONS

Colour Intended For


183/244

Reports 183

OFF or COL_BACKGROUND 0 depends on GUI background

1 or COL_HEADING 1 grey-blue headings

2 or COL_NORMAL 2 light grey list bodies

3 or COL_TOTAL 3 yellow totals

4 or COL_KEY 4 blue-green key columns

5 or COL_POSITIVE 5 green pos threshold value

6 or COL_NEGATIVE 6 red neg threshold value

7 or COL_GROUP 7 violet group levels

Color Examples


184/244

Data: I type i value 0, col(15).

While I < 8.

Case I.When 0. Col = ‘COL_BACKGROUND’.

When 1. Col = ‘COL_HEADING.

When ...endcase.

Format intensified color = I.Reports 184

Output of Color: Example


185/244

Reports 185

On Screen Lines & BlankLines


186/244

• Horizontal Lines

LINE [AT [/] [] [(len)] ].

WRITE [AT [/] [] [(len)] ] SY-ULINE.• Vertical Lines

WRITE [AT [/] [] ] SY-VLINE.

WRITE *AT */+ *+ + ‘|’. • Blank Lines

SKIP []

SKIP TO LINE < >

Reports 186

Creating Blank LinesSET BLANK LINES [ON | OFF]


187/244

SET BLANK LINES [ON | OFF]

– OFF

• system suppresses blank lines created by WRITE

SKIP []

– if greater than lines remaining on page

•

produces page footer, throws to new page – at the beginning of a new page

• ignored except if page created by NEW-PAGE or if page is the

first of a list level

– last output statement of last list page

• ignored

Reports 187

Formatting Options - RESERVE


188/244

RESERVE statement triggers a page break ifless than free lines are left on the current

list page between the last output and the

page footer.

Before starting a new page, the system

processes the END-OF-PAGE event.

RESERVE only takes effect if output is

written to the subsequent page (the system

will not generate an empty page).

Reports 188

System Fields for Lists


189/244

• SY-PAGNO

– Number of current page of current list

• SY-LINNI

– Number of current line of current list

• SY-COLNO

– Number of column where cursor is positioned

in the current list

Reports 189

System Fields for Lists


190/244

• SY-title

– Title that appears in the title bar of the display window

– Can be manipulated by

•

Maintaining text elements• Using SET TITLEBAR .

• SY-SROWS

– Current number of lines in display window

• SY-SCOLS – Current number of columns in display window

Reports 190


191/244

Selection Screens

Objective


192/244

• Concepts associated with • The creation and use of selection screens in ABAP

reports• The SELECT-OPTIONS statement

• Selection tables• Formatting the selection screen

• Selection texts, lines, comments, frames,

• The PARAMETERS statement• Radio button groups, checkboxes

• Executing reports with variants

Selection Screen 192

Selection Screens


193/244

•

Used to allow the user to control the databaseselections of the report

• Allows interactive

–

Assignment of values to variables• With the PARAMETERS statement

– Determine selection criteria for database fields

• Single values, range of values, sets of values, ...

• With the SELECT-OPTIONS statement


Defining Selection Screen


194/244

•

3 ABAP statements for defining selectionscreens

•PARAMETERS for single fields

• SELECT-OPTIONS for complex selections

• SELECTION-SCREEN for formatting the

selection screen and defining user-specificSelection Screen 194

Parameters


195/244

•

Used to enable user to enter values for singlefields on the selection screen

• Define variables in the program using

PARAMETERS statement.

• Basic form of PARAMETERS statement:

• PARAMETERS

[()] [TYPE|like ] [DECIMALS ].


Parameters Variants


196/244

•

PARAMETERS

...... DEFAULT ......

• PARAMETERS

...... OBLIGATORY ......

• PARAMETERS

...... LOWER CASE ......

• PARAMETERS

...... AS CHECKBOX ......

• PARAMETERS

...... RADIOBUTTON GROUP

......Selection Screen 196

The Parameters Keyword


197/244


PARAMETERS: P1 TYPE P,

P2(6) TYPE C DEFAULT ‘ITB255’.

PARAMETERS TYPE [DEFAULT ].

P1 P2 ITB255

Selection Screen

X

Select-options


198/244

•

Allow the user to easily handle complexselections

•Basic form of the SELECT-OPTIONS statement :

• SELECT-OPTIONS for .

• is a column of a database table or aninternal field in the program.


Select-options Contd..


199/244

Structure of selection tablesSIGN – type C length 1

Values ‘I’ or ‘E’

OPTION – type c length 2Values ‘EQ’, ‘NE’, ‘LT’, ‘BT’, etc.

LOW – data type same as of

HIGH – data type same as of


Select-options Variants


200/244

•

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR DEFAULT [TO ] ....

• SELECT-OPTIONS FOR ...

LOWERCASE ..............• SELECT-OPTIONS FOR ...

OBLIGATORY ..............

•

SELECT-OPTIONS FOR ..... NO-EXTENSION .....

• SELECT-OPTIONS FOR ..... NO

INTERVALS


REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS: AIRLINE FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID,


201/244


,

CONN FOR SFLIGHT-CONNID.

multiple selection screen

Selection-screen


202/244

SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP [].

SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE [[/]]

SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT [/]

[FOR FIELD ]


Selection-screen – Elements on aSingle Line


203/244

Several Elements in a Single lineSELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.

...

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.

SELECTION-SCREEN POSITION .

E.g.

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE.Selection Screen 203

Selection-screen – Blocks ofElements


204/244

Create logical block of elements on selectionscreen

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK

[WITH FRAME [TITLE ]][NO INTERVALS].

...

Selection-screen end of block .

E.G.

Selection-screen begin of block rad1

with frame title text-002.Selection Screen 204

Calling Selection-screen


205/244

•

Standard selection screen – Called automatically between the INITIALIZATION

and START-OF-SELECTION events.

• User-defined selection screen

– CALL SELECTION-SCREEN [STARTING AT

]

[ENDING AT ].


Modifying Screens Dynamically

Th t bl


206/244

• The screen table

– Screen is like an internal table with header line

– Do not need to declare it in your program

– Cannot use any work area other than its header line to

address it• Some components of screen table

– Name

– Input

– Output

– Required

– Intensified

– Invisible Selection Screen 206

Loop at Screen


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•

You can modify screen in your ABAP program• The only statements that can be used with

SCREEN are

• Loop at screen....

Modify screen.

...

Endloop.

• No further additions are allowed in the LOOP

AT SCREEN statementSelection Screen 207

Loop at Screen Contd..


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E.G.Loop at screen.

IF screen-group1 = 'MOD'.

IF flag = ' '.Screen-input = '0'.

ELSEIF flag = 'X'.

Screen-input = '1'.

ENDIF.

Modify screen. Selection Screen 208

Selection Screen Events


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•

At selection-screen• At selection-screen output

• At selection-screen on

• At selection-screen on block• At selection-screen on help-request

• At selection-screen on RADIOBUTTON

• At selection-screen on value-request


At Selection-screen


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•

Basic form of a series of events

• These events are called between

INITIALIZATION and START-OF-SELECTION.

• Defined to change selection screen or process

user input, i.E. Validations, etc.


Contd..

At selection-screen output


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At selection screen output

Allows you to modify selection-screen directly before it is displayed.E.G.

Parameters: test1(10),test2(10),test3(10),test4(10).

At selection-screen output.

Loop at screen.If screen-name = ‘test1'. Screen-intensified = '1'.Modify screen.Continue.

ENDIF.If screen-name = ‘test3'.

Screen-input = '0'.Modify screen.

ENDIF.Endloop. Selection Screen 211

Contd..


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AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON Is triggered when the contents of the field are

passed from the selection screen to the ABAP

program.E.G.

At selection-screen on test1.

IF TEST1 = ‘not OK’. Message e001.

ENDIF.Selection Screen 212

Contd..

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON BLOCK


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AT SELECTION SCREEN ON BLOCK block

Is triggered when the contents of all of the fields in a block are passed from theselection screen to the ABAP program

E.G.

Selection-screen begin of block part1 with frame.Parameters: number1 type i,

number2 type i,

number3 type i.Selection-screen end of block part1.

At selection-screen on block part1.

If number3 LT number2 ornumber3 LT number1 or

number2 LT number1.Message e020.

ENDIF.


Contd..


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AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON HELP-REQUEST FOR Is triggered when the user calls the F1 help for the

field .

E.G.

At selection-screen on help-request for p_CARR_2.

Call screen 100 starting at 10 5

ending at 60 10.


Contd..

AT SELECTION SCREEN ON RADIOBUTTON GROUP


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AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON RADIOBUTTON GROUP

Is triggered when the contents of all of the fields in a radio

button group are passed from the selection screen to the

ABAP program

E.G.

At selection-screen on RADIOBUTTON group rad1.

If r1 = 'x'.

Message w040.

ENDIF.


Contd..


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AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR Is triggered when the user calls the F4 help for the

field

E.G.

At selection-screen on value-request for p_CARR_2.

Call screen 100 starting at 10 5

ending at 50 10.

Module value_list output.


is an internal table with 4 fields


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SIGN OPTION LOW HIGH

I EQ

E NELT

GT

LE

GE

BTNB

CP

NP

and Database Selections


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• If the contains more than one line

– form the union of sets defined on the lines that

have SIGN = I

– subtract the union of sets defines on the lines thathave SIGN = E

– select the resulting set

• If contains only lines with SIGN = E – select all data outside the set specified in these

lines Selection Screen 218

Assigning Default Values to Selection Criteria


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SELECT-OPTIONS FOR DEFAULT [TO ]

OPTION SIGN .


and may beliterals (enclosed in single quotes)names of fields whose contents should be used as defaultvalues

may be one of

EQ,NE,GE,LE,GT,LT,CP,NP for single selectionsBT,NB for interval selections

may be either I or E

REPORT ZSAPTEST.

TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS: AIRLINE FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID


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DEFAULT ‘AA’ TO ‘LH’ OPTION NB

SIGN I.

Assigning Default Values to Selection Criteria


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REPORT ZSAPTEST.TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.SELECT-OPTIONS:AIRLINE FOR SPFLI-CARRID,

CONN FOR SPFLI-CONNID.INITIALIZATION. MOVE ‘LH’ TO AIRLINE-LOW.

MOVE ‘UA’ TO AIRLINE-HIGH.MOVE ‘I’ TO AIRLINE-SIGN.MOVE ‘BT’ TO AIRLINE-OPTION.APPEND AIRLINE.CLEAR AIRLINE.MOVE ‘0400’ TO CONN-LOW.MOVE ‘I’ TO CONN-SIGN.MOVE ‘EQ’ TO CONN-OPTION.APPEND CONN.


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Restricting the Selection Screen to One Line


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SELECT-OPTIONS FOR … NO-

EXTENSION … .


right arrow does notappear on the selection screen

user cannot access the

multiple succession screen

REPORT ZSAPTEST.TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS AIRLINE

FOR SFLIGHT-

CARRID

NO-EXTENSION.

Restricting the Selection Screen to Single Value Selection


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SELECT-OPTIONS FOR … NO INTERVALS

… .

TO field does not appear onthe selection screen

user can access the multiple

succession screen

REPORT ZSAPTEST.TABLES: SFLIGHT.

SELECT-OPTIONS AIRLINE

FOR SFLIGHT-

CARRID

NO INTERVALS.

Further Selection Screen Options

• NO-DISPLAY


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• suppresses display of selection screen criterion

• LOWER CASE

• enables acceptance of upper & lower case letters

• OBLIGATORY

•makes selection for FROM field mandatory

• MEMORY ID

• uses default values from SAP memory for FROM field

• MODIF ID

• assigns fields of a selection criterion to a modification group

• MATCHCODE OBJECT

• assigns a matchcode object to the FROM & TO fields of a selection

criterion


Selection Tables in WHEREConditions

… WHERE IN


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is a database column (without a prefix)

is the selection table atached to

REPORT ZSAPTEST.TABLES: SFLIGHT.SELECT-OPTIONS AIRLINE FOR SFLIGHT-CARRID.SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT

WHERE CARRID IN AIRLINE.

Checkboxes on the SelectionScreen


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PARAMETERS

… AS CHECKBOX ...


parameter

is created with type C length 1

options TYPE & LIKE are not allowed

valid values for

are ‘ ‘ (false) and ‘X’ (true)

PARAMETERS: A AS CHECKBOX,B AS CHECKBOX DEFAULT ‘X’.

A

B x

Checkboxes on the SelectionScreen

REPORT ZSAPTEST.


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TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.SELECT-OPTIONS: SDEPART FOR SPFLI-DEPTIME, … PARAMETERS: CURRENCY LIKE SFLIGHT-CURRENCY,

LUGGAGE AS CHECKBOX.

Dep.Time

Price

to

to

Show Luggage Weight

Radiobuttons on the SelectionScreen


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PARAMETERS

…RADIOBUTTON GROUP ...


parameter

is created with type C length 1can use LIKE option but must refer to a dictionary object of type C

length 1

string of max length 4must assign at least 2 parameters to each group

user click on radiobuttonrespective parameter is activated, ie, assigned ‘X’

only one parameter in each group can be activated


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Formatting the Selection Screen


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• SELECTION-SCREEN statement allows

– insertion of texts/comments

– underlines

– insertion of blank lines

• SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK

– combine logically related fields

– draw a box around them using WITH FRAME


Formatting the SelectionScreen

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF LINE


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COMMENT POSITION SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.

REPORT ZSAPTEST.TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.SELECTION-SCREEN: BEGIN OF LINE,

COMMENT 1(11) TEXT-002,POSITION 33.

PARAMETERS: PRICE LIKE SFLIGHT-PRICE OBLIGATORY.SELECTION-SCREEN: COMMENT 55(8) TEXT-003,

POSITION 65.PARAMETERS: CURRENCY LIKE SFLIGHT-CURRENCY OBLIGATORY.SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.

Formatting the Selection Screen


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SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP .leaves blank lines on the selection screen

SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE

draws an underline on the selection screen

Formatting the Selection ScreenSELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK

… WITH FRAME


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… TITLE title SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK .

REPORT ZSAPTEST.TABLES: SPFLI, SFLIGHT, SBOOK.SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK SPFLI

WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-001.SELECT-

data dictionary & report

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