darwinism final pwrpnt
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Charles Darwin
“A man who dares towaste one hour of
time has not
discovered the valueof life.”
Tanner, Austin, Logan
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video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Fpy63S0
5Vw&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=
PL6DBAEC65AA8F5C8E
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Early Life
• Born: February 12, 1809
• Shrewsbury, England
• Died: April 19, 1882
• Describes himself as being a rather "naughty"child.
• Charles Darwin was a lazy young man, and a slow
learner in school. He was at first educated by hissister, Caroline, before attending Revd. Case'sgrammar school in Shrewsbury.
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Early Life
• The first sparks of interest in natural historywere developed very early in his childhood.Darwin relates how his mother, Susannah,
taught him how to change the color of flowersby giving them water mixed with foodcoloring.
• As a young boy he delighted in collectingminerals, insects, coins, stamps and other oddbits.
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About darwin
• He developed his love of natural science throughhiking, reading books, and chemistry at an early age.
• As he got older, his love and interest for natural sciencebecame deeper:
• -Learned how to stuff animals
• -Read aninteresting book on natural history
• -Spent time at the natural history museum in
Edinburgh• -Joined the Plinian Society
• -Became a good friend of Professor Robert Grant.
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Voyage of the Beagle
• Darwin was offered the position of naturalist
for the second voyage of H. M. S. Beagle to
survey the coast of South America. The Beagle
left in December 1831 and returned in October
1836. During the voyage Darwin studied many
different plants and animals and collected
many specimens, concentrating on locationand habits.
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Voyage of the Beagle
• Darwin noticed on the trip that certain types of organisms existed only in certain areas and thatmany organisms had gone through changes that
made it easier for them to survive in certainenvironments.
• He studied a type of bird called a finch andrealized that there were over a dozen different
kinds. The size and shape of the beaks of thesebirds differed depending on what kind of foodwas available in the area each lived in.
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Major Published Works
• The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
•
The Descent of Man
• On the Origin of Species
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sources
• http://www.notablebiographies.com/Co-
Da/Darwin-Charles.html#b
• http://darwin-online.org.uk/contents.html
• http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/WhoW
as.html
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Ideas Prior To Darwin
• Lamarck and others believed that evolution
was guided by a long-term trend.
• Lamarck thought that life strove over time to
rise from simple single-celled forms to
complex ones.
• Many German biologists believed life and
evolution followed predetermined rules.
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Darwin’s Theory
• Species change over time and space.
• Forms of a creature now resemble but are not
the same as those that live in the past.
• Forms of creatures living in different
geographic areas might be the same species
but have a slight difference do to distance.
• This is even shown in fossils dating hundreds
of thousands of years ago
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Darwin’s Theory Cont’d
• Organisms are related to other organisms in pasttimes - Far enough back any organism can relateto another.
• Humans shared a ancestry with chimpanzeesabout 8 million years ago, with whales about 60million years ago, and with kangaroos over 100million years ago.
• Shared ancestry explains the similarities of
organisms that are classified together - theirsimilarities reflect the inheritance of traits froman ancestor in the past.
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Darwin’s Theory Cont’d
• Evolutionary change, or Natural Selection, is along slow process.
• This is proven through documents on
organisms then and now and through fossilrecords.
• This process could be considered slow by a
few years or so to long in which progresswould be shown through hundreds orthousands of years.
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Natural Selection
• Variation. Organisms (within populations) exhibit individualvariation in appearance and behavior. These variations mayinvolve body size, hair color, facial markings, voiceproperties, or number of offspring.
• Inheritance. Some traits are consistently passed on fromparent to offspring. Other traits are strongly influenced byenvironmental conditions and show weak heritability.
• High rate of population growth. Most populations havemore offspring each year than local resources can supportleading to a struggle for resources.
• Individuals possessing traits well suited for the struggle forlocal resources will contribute more offspring to the nextgeneration, carrying on their “legacy” so to speak.
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Darwin’s Famous Finches
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The “Peppered” Moth
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The Rat Snake
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Works Cited
• "Evolution and Natural Selection." Evolution and Natural Selection.University of Michigan, 10, Oct, 2012. Web. 13 Mar 2012.<http://globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/selection/selection.html>.
• Natural Selection, . "Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred
Russel Wallace." Understanding evolution. University of California,Berkely, 2012. Web. 13 Mar 2012.<http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_14>.
• O'Neil, D.. "Darwin and Natural Selection." Early theories of evolution. anthro.palomar.edu, 2011. Web. 13 Mar 2012.<http://anthro.palomar.edu/evolve/evolve_2.htm>.
• Rothman, R.. "Land Birds." Darwins finhes. [email protected], n.d.Web. 13 Mar 2012.<http://people.rit.edu/rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/DarwinFinch.html>.
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Sexual Selection
Concept introduce by Darwin in “The
Origin of Species”.
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Sexual Selection
• The sexual selection concept arises from the
observation that many animals develop
features whose function is not to help
individuals survive, but help them to maximizetheir reproductive success.
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Sexual Selection
• Sexual Selection not on a struggle for
existence, but on a struggle between the
males for possession of the females; the result
is usually not death to the unsuccessful
competitor, but few or no offspring.
• An example of this is two whitetail bucks
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Sexual Selection
• When males and females of any animal have
the same general habits of life, but differ in
structure, color, or ornament is caused by
sexual selection.
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Sexual selection
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Deer Antlers
• Male deer also called bucks grow a new set of
antlers every year.
• They start growing around End of April and into
May, and they shed them around January andFebruary.
• During peek growing stage in the late summer
months, antlers can grown up to ½ inch per day.• The growth depends on the genes, and nutrition
of the deer.
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Deer Antlers
• When antler growth begins the antlers or
bone grows with a velvet structure with is full
of blood vessels and carries the nutrients and
protein needed for the antler to grow.
• The antlers on a buck are his main source of
defending himself, his territory, and overall
getting his pick of the does.
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Whitetails
Velvet Buck No Velvet
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All Species
• All male species have tendencies to be the
dominate male in the group, also known as
the Alfa male.
• Wild turkeys show this by a form of show with
their feathers called strutting.
• Most male ground birds have some form of
strut to attract attention from the females,
and also show dominance.
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Strutting
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Ruffed Grouse
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcJ5as1Okj
o&feature=related
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Wild Turkey
• Wild male turkeys called “toms” use several
ways to show dominance among other birds.
• They strut or display their feathers to make
them look big and attract female turkeys or“hens”.
• Toms are equipped with a set of spurs for
fighting other turkeys and predators.• Turkey spurs can grow over an inch and half
and are sharp.
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Wild turkeys
Typically the older the bird the longer and sharper the spurs are.
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Territory
• Almost all male species guard and protect
their territories.
• They do this by showing dominance, such as
fighting or strutting.
• Whitetail bucks to this by marking trees with
their antlers called “rubs”, and also marking
ground with their hooves called “scrapes”.
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Rubs & Scrapes
Rub Scrape
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Territory
• Bucks also have very strong scent glands like a
lot of male species, they use these scent
glands to also mark territories.
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Big Horn Sheep
• Males also called “Rams” use there massive
horns to fight with other rams for females and
dominance.
• Rams have been seen fighting for over 24
hours, and their horns can weigh up to 30
pounds.
• They can reach speeds up to 20 mph before
impact.
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Big Horn Sheep
• The fighting continues until one ram gives up,
or serious injury occurs.
• Rams have thick boned skulls that help protect
them from the impact.
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Big Horn Sheep
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The Fight
• http://youtu.be/zj8istSAMoY
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State Bird
• Kentucky’s state bird is the cardinal or also
called the red bird.
• The northern cardinal is a songbird, attracting
females through bird singing.
• The males and females differ in color, male
being more bright red and the female with
orange undertone.
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Red Bird
Male Female
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Importance of Wildlife
• Wildlife pays a vital role for human existence,
and resources.
• Wildlife, in fact, comprises of the innumerous
varieties of wild plants, animals, fungi and
microorganisms that exist on our planet earth,
rather than just cultivated plants and
domesticated animals.
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Wildlife
• The food we eat, the clothes we wear, themedicines we consume, a variety of buildingmaterials used for construction, numerous
chemicals used for manufacturing ournecessities, all are extracted from the wildlifeexisting around us.
• It is important to study and understand how
animals act and react to each other, an theirenvironment.
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Wildlife
• Since prehistoric times, animals have been
highly useful to us in providing food, clothing
and source of income.
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Wildlife
• Wildlife plays an essential role in theecological and biological processes that areyet again significant to life. The normal
functioning of the biosphere depends onendless interactions amongst animals, plants,and microorganisms. This, in turn, maintainsand enhances human life further. To add on,
these ecological processes are vital foragriculture, forestry, fisheries and otherendeavors that support human life.
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Darwin
• Charles Darwin gave us ideals and theory's
that we can use today in discovering why
animals act and do the things they do.