dacota_blue: branches of science

BRANCHES OF SCIENCELESSON 1.2

INTRODUCTION

Before science became the science that weknow today, natural phenomena were explain basedonly on personal observations and understanding.During the time of the Greek mathematician,Pythagoras, arithmetic, geometry, music, andastronomy were recognized as science.

In the 19th Century, scientists finally realizedthat pure mathematics was not science because itwas a series of logical relations that did not dependon the laws of nature. But because mathematics isoften used in the study of science, it is nowconsidered as an allied field. Mathematics isreferred to as the language of science since it isused to communicate the results obtained inscientific work.

SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS

𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟2

𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑛 =

𝑘=0

𝑛𝑛

𝑘𝑥𝑘𝑎𝑛−𝑘

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 +

𝑛=1

∞

𝑎𝑛 cos𝑛𝜋𝑥

𝐿+ 𝑏𝑛 sin

𝑛𝜋𝑥

𝐿

SCIENCE

Pure Science Applied Science Technology

Life Science Earth Science

Pure Science Applied Science Technology

Life Science Earth Science

SCIENCE

BOTANY

ZOOLOGY

GENETICS

PHYSICS

CHEMISTRY

ASTRONOMY

GEOLOGY

PALEONTOLOGYOCEANOGRAPHY

LIFE SCIENCELIFE SCIENCE, also known as BIOLOGY, studies allaspects of living things. It studies the behavior, history,and development of living organisms.

JEAN –BAPTISTE LAMARCK (French): introduced the term “biology” in

the 1800s. Some of the subdivisions of the life science are these

following:

BOTANY : the study of plants

ZOOLOGY: the study of animals

GENETICS: the study of the function

and behavior of genes

LIFE SCIENCELIFE SCIENCE, also known as BIOLOGY, studies allaspects of living things. It studies the behavior, history,and development of living organisms.

THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY (British Biologist) 1825 -1895:

insisted that all living things be studied in an integrated

way. Today, scientists appreciate Huxley’s way of thinking

because many lower organisms are now categorized as

neither plant nor animal.

LIFE SCIENCEThe LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according tounits of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or evenpopulation. The following divisions of life sciencesdeveloped through the years:

BIOMEDICINE : is the

application of

biological

knowledge to

human health.


CELLULAR BIOLOGY (Cytology):

sometimes referred to as cell biology,

aims to understand the properties,

structure, activities, and functions of the

cell, from the simplest to the most

complex organism.


DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: is the study of

the growth and development of

organisms. It is the study of life processes.

Biologist study life processes in two ways.

One is by studying the metabolic

pathway is a cell (in vivo) and the other is

by studying isolated portions of the cell in

a test tube and simulating the normal

environment of the cell (in vitro).


ECOLOGY: is the study of all the

interaction in the environment.


EMBYOLOGY: deals with the study of

development of the embryo.


HISTOLOGY: is the study

of tissues.


PHYSIOLOGY: Deals with the

functions and activities of life and

living matter.

PHYSICAL SCIENCEThe PHYSICAL SCIENCE dealswith matter and energy. Someof its subdivisions are:

PHYSICS: the study of the

interaction

between matter

and energy.


CHEMISTRY: the study of the

composition of matter

and the changes it

undergoes.


ASTRONOMY: the study of heavenly

bodies.

EARTH SCIENCEThe EARTH SCIENCE ,also known as GEOSCIENCE,or the study of Earth and its neighbors, used to bea part of physical sciences. Now, it stands apart aEarth faces more and more critical problems.Earth science is further subdivided into specificfields of study, some of which are:


GEOLOGY: the study of the

history and the

structure of Earth.


PALEOLOGY: the study of

prehistoric life

through fossil

remains.


OCEANOGRAPHY: the study of

the physical, chemical,

and biological aspects

of the oceans the

ocean floor, mapping,

and measuring of the

Earth’s surface

underwater.


METEOLOGY: the study of the

Earth’s weather and

the atmosphere.


PETROLOGY: the study of rocks.