An introduction to An introduction to emerging branches of emerging branches of

science –science –

BIOTECHNOLOGYBIOTECHNOLOGY

By By

SHARI K SSHARI K S

What is Biotechnology?What is Biotechnology? Biotechnology is the use of living systems & Biotechnology is the use of living systems &

organisms to develop or make economically organisms to develop or make economically useful products or any technological useful products or any technological application, that uses biological systems, living application, that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or process for specific use. modify products or process for specific use.

The father of The father of BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Louis Louis PasteurPasteur is is known as the known as the father of father of BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Derivation of Derivation of BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Biotechnology = Biology + TechnologyBiotechnology = Biology + Technology

The term was coined in 1919 by Karl Ereky, a The term was coined in 1919 by Karl Ereky, a Hungarian Engineer.Hungarian Engineer.

Biotechnology arose from the field of Biotechnology arose from the field of Zymotechnology.Zymotechnology.

Alcohol was the first product of ancient Alcohol was the first product of ancient Biotechnology.Biotechnology.

Different fields of Different fields of BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Blue Biotechnology :- Marine & aquatic Blue Biotechnology :- Marine & aquatic processes.processes.

Green Biotechnology :- Agricultural processes.Green Biotechnology :- Agricultural processes.

Red Biotechnology :- Medical processes.Red Biotechnology :- Medical processes.

White Biotechnology :- Industrial Processes.White Biotechnology :- Industrial Processes.

Molecular Biology :- Molecular level studies.Molecular Biology :- Molecular level studies.

Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.

Applications of Applications of BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Diagnostic KitDiagnostic Kit Example : Pregnancy KitExample : Pregnancy Kit

Hormones, Enzymes.Hormones, Enzymes. Plasminogen activator.Plasminogen activator.

Antibiotics.Antibiotics. Chloramphenicol by streptomyces.Chloramphenicol by streptomyces.

Monoclonal Antibodies.Monoclonal Antibodies.

Applications of Applications of BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Vaccines.Vaccines. Hepatitis B & Herpes Virus.Hepatitis B & Herpes Virus.

Biofertilisers.Biofertilisers. NN2 2 Fixation by Rhizobium.Fixation by Rhizobium.

Vitamines.Vitamines. Vitamine B-12 & B-2.Vitamine B-12 & B-2.

Humuline.Humuline.

Applications of Applications of BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Steroids.Steroids.

DollyDolly

The first animal The first animal cloned from diploid cloned from diploid cells.cells.

Produced in Produced in Scotland in 1997.Scotland in 1997.

Biotechnology in various Biotechnology in various field of science.field of science.

Plant SciencePlant Science

Production of transgenic plants.Production of transgenic plants.

Production of biologically important Production of biologically important compounds.compounds. Eg: Shikonin.Eg: Shikonin.

Storage of germplasm.Storage of germplasm.

Biotechnology in various Biotechnology in various field of science.field of science.

Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Science Cleaning contaminants & protecting Cleaning contaminants & protecting

endangered species.endangered species. Eg: bioremediation.Eg: bioremediation.

Immunoassay tests to test presence of Immunoassay tests to test presence of contaminants in soil, water & blood.contaminants in soil, water & blood.

Installation of biological barriers.Installation of biological barriers.

Biotechnology in various Biotechnology in various field of science.field of science.

Animal ScienceAnimal Science

In vitro fertilization & artificial In vitro fertilization & artificial insemination.insemination.

Super ovulation and embryo Super ovulation and embryo transplantation.transplantation.

Cross breeding.Cross breeding. Eg: Super milch cowsEg: Super milch cows

Biotechnology in various Biotechnology in various field of science.field of science.

Health ScienceHealth Science

PharmingPharming

Use of biological barriers.Use of biological barriers.

DNA analysis/Paternity tests.DNA analysis/Paternity tests.

Problems with Problems with BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Unexpected impacts of GMOs.Unexpected impacts of GMOs.

Ethical dilemmas.Ethical dilemmas.

Lack of awareness on Lack of awareness on Biotechnological process and Biotechnological process and products.products.

ConclusionConclusion

Used by virtually every industry.Used by virtually every industry.

Enabling various industries to make Enabling various industries to make new & better products with great new & better products with great speed, efficiency & flexibility.speed, efficiency & flexibility.

Biotechnology holds significant Biotechnology holds significant promise to the future if carefully promise to the future if carefully regulated.regulated.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU