d2s1 kawasaki presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee theaccuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts noresponsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology usedmay not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
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Water Governance & Law In case of Japan
3 July, 2009
A Regional Consultation Workshop on Improving Water Governance
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy
National University of Singapore
Tadashige Kawasaki Asian development Bank Institute
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I. Experience of Japan i Integrated Water Resources Management Process ii Water Resources Management (WRM) by law
iii Many measures to implement WRM
II. Implementation of Law
III. New Challenges
Contents
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What’s the Asian Development Bank Institute ? [ Outline ]
•Established in December 1997•A subsidiary of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)•55 staffs from 16 countries
[ Purpose ] •Identification of effective development strategies•Improvement of capacity for sound development management
htt ://www.adbi.or
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Relationship ADBI and Water
Ownership is the basis of network activity
• Network of Asian River Basin Organization was initiatedby Asian Development Bank (ADB), ADB Institute (ADBI) andJapan Water Agency (JWA).
• Formally announced by signing the LOI on March 21, 2003,during the 3rd World Water Forum at Kyoto-Shiga, Japan.
• Established on February 24-26, 2004 in Malang, Indonesia
Letter of Intent for NARBO 1 st NARBO General Meeting in 2004
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Goal
To help to achieve
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in river basins throughout Asia.
Objective To strengthen the capacity and effectiveness of RBOs
in promoting IWRM and improving water governance ,
through training & exchange of information and experiences among RBOs and their water sector agencies & knowledge partner organizations .
Goal and Objective of NARBO
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IWRM Guidelines http://www.unesco.org/water/news/newsletter/214.shtml
http://www.narbo.jp/
Source: IWRM Guidelines by UNESCO
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IWRMProcess
Impacts(Social,Environmental,etc.)
1.Recognizing &identifying
2. Conceptualizing 3. Coordinating &planning
4. Implementing,monitoring & evaluating
5.Recognizing &identifying
Progress of IWRM
ep ua zn
.
o .onidentifyin
. c
.
Source: IWRM Guidelines by UNESCO
IWRM Process
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
20
4060
80
100
120
140
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
-2
0
24
6
810
12
14Pop. (Million)
GDP (Trillion YEN)
Population
GDP
4 Periods according to the change of Economic Condition
(1) (2) (3) (4)DGP growth rate (%)
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(1) The Postwar Reconstruction Period (1945 – 1960)
Source: Prof. Tuneaki Yoshida, University of Tokyo
Source: MLIT
1. Land Improvement Law (1947)2. Comprehensive National Development Law (1950)3. Electric Power Development Promotion Law (1952)4. Waterworks Law (1957)
5. Specified Multipurpose Dam Law (1957)6. Industrial Water Supply Business Law (1958)
Flood caused by typhoon (1947)
Source: MLIT
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IWRMProcess
Impacts(Social,Environmental,etc.)
Progress of IWRM
The Postwar Reconstruction Period (1945 – 1960)
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Source; Yokkaichi-city
(2) High-Level Economic Growth Period (1960 - 1973)
Source; Japan Olympic Association
Tokyo Olympic (1964)Yokkaichi Air Pollution
Source; Tokyo-Metropolitan Water BureauSource; MLIT, Government of Japan
River Pollution of Tama river Drinking water delivery in drought
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Promotion of water resource development1. Water Resources Development Promotion Law (1961)2. Water Resources Public Corporation Law (1961)3. Revision of River Law (1964)
Measures to prevent ground subsidence4. Industrial Water Law (1956)
5. Building Water Law (1962)Measures to preserve water quality
6. Water Quality Conservation Law7. Factory Effluent Control Law (1958)8. Water Pollution Control Law (1970)9. Revision of Sewerage Law (1970)
10. Basic Law for Environmental Pollution (1967) Revised in 1970
(2) High-Level Economic Growth Period (1960 - 1973)
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IWRM
Process
Impacts(Social,Environmental,etc.)
Progress of IWRM
High-Level Economic Growth Period (1960 - 1973)
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Drought in Fukuoka, 1978
Source; Fukuoka City Water Bureau
(3) Period of Stable Growth and the "Bubble" Economy(1973 - 1990)
Source; Japan Water AgencySource; Foundation of River & Watershed
Source; Takamatsu City Water Bureau
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Need for a nationwide water demand and supply plan, basedon a comprehensive, long-term perspective1. Long-Term Water Demand and Supply Plan (1978)2. Water Demand in the 21st Century (1982)3. National Comprehensive Plan for Water Resources
(1987) (Water Plan 2000)
Efficient implementation for water resource developmentsuch as dam construction1. Special Measures Act for Reservoir Area (1973)
Measures to deal with frequent water shortagesTakamatsu Desert" (1973), Fukuoka Drought (1978),
National Winter Drought (1984), Western Japan Winter Drought (1986), Tokyo Metropolitan Winter Drought (1987)
(3) Period of Stable Growth and the "Bubble" Economy(1973 - 1990)
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IWRMProcess
Impacts(Social,Environmental,etc.)
Progress of IWRM
Period of Stable Growth and the "Bubble" Economy (1973 - 1990)
17
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Source; Yakushima Town Office
(5) Period of the “bubble economy” in the early 1990sto the present
Source; The Sankei Shimbun
f
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Consideration for environment and process1. Basic Environment Law (1993)2. Environment Impact Assessment Law (1997)3. Revision of the River Law (1997)
New efforts to secure water resources- Optimization of facility management- Diversion of water use rights to different applications- Reuse of reclaimed water and other
Need for comprehensive efforts1. New National Comprehensive Plan for Water Resources2. Government Offices Conference on the Establishment of a Robust
Hydrological Cycle (1999)3. Law for the Focused Planning of Social Infrastructure
Improvement (2003)4. Revision of “Comprehensive National Land Development Law”
“National Land Sustainable Plan Law” (2005)
(5) Period of the “bubble economy” in the early 1990sto the present
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1,100
1,2001,3001,400
1,5001,6001,700
1,8001,9002,000
2,100
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
( mm )
1,100
1,2001,3001,400
1,5001,6001,700
1,8001,9002,000
2,100
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
( mm )
Annual Precipitation
Average rainfall trend Variability
Climate Change in Japan
Source: MLIT
(6) Future
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IWRMProcess
Impacts(Social,Environmental,etc.)
1.Recognizing &identifying
2. Conceptualizing 3. Coordinating &planning
4. Implementing,monitoring & evaluating
5.Recognizing &identifying
Progress of IWRM
ep ua zn
.
o .onidentifyin
. c
.
Progress of Water Governance
Source: IWRM Guidelines by UNESCO
=
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ii Water Resources Management by law
Water Resources Development Promotion Law (1961)
Water Resources Public Corporation Law (1961)
For:Promotion of water resource development to meet therapid increase of water demand
Basic Plan for Water Resource Development(“Full Plan” ) for focused river basin
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iii Many measures to implement WRM
¾ Fixed assets tax¾ Grant for Power supply region¾ Grant for Water resources region
Municipality can develop and maintain their facilities and
welfare for resident.
Sustainable support system
by Law
Source: MLIT, Government of Japan & Kiyokawa Village
Miyagase-Dam
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II Implementation of Law
Water right for hydropower was cancelled because illegal intake was done for 20 years.The point is that electricity which is generated by this hydropower plant is used for train
system at Tokyo metropolitan area.
¾ Necessity of management against illegal action by law.¾ Accountability of the authorized river manager.
Source: MLIT, Government of Japan
Miyasato-Dam
Source: Wikipedia
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II Implementation of Law
The article of 53 rd of River LawCoordination mechanism in case of drought River
Administrator
W a t er U s er I
W a t er U
s er I I
Consult
Respect
Information Coordination
Coordination Committee of drought
Amount of intake is discussed and decided there.
Source: MLIT, Government of Japan
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III New Challenges
Irrigation canal
Source: MOE, Government of Japan
Before
After Urban Area
Paddy field Area
Maintenance of this canal is done by collaboration
with local government, farmers association, regional community and volunteer.Rokugo/Nanago-Bori
Water Right for Environment
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IWRMProcess
Impacts(Social,Environmental,etc.)
1.Recognizing &identifying
2. Conceptualizing 3. Coordinating &planning
4. Implementing,monitoring & evaluating
5.Recognizing &identifying
Progress of Water Governance
ep ua zn
.
o .onidentifyin
. c
.
Source: IWRM Guidelines by UNESCO
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Source: Koich prefecture
Source: Wikipedia Shimanto-river
We lost many things such as “ Intact river ” .
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Thank you very much for
your kind attention.
More Information
http;//www.adbi.orghttp;//www.narbo.jp