current situation and challenges of on-site domestic wastewater
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Chaiyo Juisiri Pollution Control Department ,
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment December 1-2, 2014
Current situation and challenges of on-site domestic wastewater treatment
in Thailand
2nd Workshop on On-site Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Asia
April , 2014
The main reason causing water quality deterioration,
considering from the parameters, was due to the
wastewater from communities. This also included wastewater
from other activities, such as industrial activities
and agricultures which discharged wastewater to water
sources without prior water treatment. As a solution to
these causes, there should be campaign encouraging
the public to reduce water usage in order to reduce
wastewater and to manage wastewater at the
point source by treating the wastewater from household and
recycling the wastewater.
The main reason causing water quality deterioration, considering
from the parameters, was due to the wastewater from
communities.
As a solution to these causes, there should be campaign
encouraging the public to reduce water usage in order to reduce
wastewater and to manage wastewater at the source by treating
the wastewater from household and recycling the wastewater. The
local government should construct community wastewater
treatment system.
Following by - charge a fee for wastewater treatment
- encourage the business owners to apply clean technologies
- enforce wastewater treatment before draining to the environment
- control low quality water drainage through irrigation or agricultural areas to reduce
- enforce the law on the drainage water standard
12 12
Location of 101 Municipal
Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand
Status of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Thailand
Technology for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand
Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Systems defined by System
Central Wastewater Treatment
Combined Sewer System
Separate Sewer System
drain both runoff and
sewerage within one
system
The type of collection systems
BOD
(mg/l)
SS
(mg/l)
Combined Sewer
System
65 - 110
(80)
40 – 110
(80)
Separate Sewer
System (160) (160)
sewerage and runoff are
collected in separate piping
systems
Design Criteria for Central Wastewater Treatment
Types of Collection Systems
The collection of wastewater treatment fee
Number and Capacity of Municipal Wastewater
Treatment System
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Domestic : 1,687 Municipalities,
6,089 LAOs,
BMA, Pattaya City
Approximately 9.2 M m3/d
Industry : >120,000 factories
Approximately 2.8 M m3/d
Agriculture :
Pig farm+ Aquaculture (Point source) 0.1 M m3/d
Paddyfield (Non Point source) 150 M m3/d
Sources of Water Pollution
(1,687) Municipalities
BMA, Pattaya City
(6,089) LAOs
MWW~x.x M m3/d
MWW. ~x.x M m3/d
MWW~ x.x M m3/d
Total MWW~9.2M m3/day
Total BOD Loading
~ x,xxx Ton BOD/day
Treatment capacity ~ 3.2 M m3/d
(~ 34.8% of total MWW)
Municipal Wastewater Management
in Thailand
Total Budget 83,152 M Baht
Constraints :
Many urban communities lack appropriate municipal
wastewater management
The communities and people still lack understanding
in wastewater problem and awareness to protect the
environment
The local administration organizations are still unable
to manage municipal wastewater
Lack of budget for construction of the new
wastewater collection system and wastewater
facilities
Constraints in Municipal Wastewater
Management in Thailand
The Main Problem in Wastewater Facilities Management
Weak Wastewater : the systems are sized
to treat highly diluted wastewater
Sewerage leakage : pumped mains
experience substantial leakage with
potential contamination of groundwater
Sewer sedimentation : high levels of
intrusion and low hydraulic profiles in gravity sewers.
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Reduce waste at pollution sources by the simple
technologies
(Ex. Grease Trap and On-site treatment)
Rehabilitate the existing municipal wastewater
facilities
Construct new wastewater treatment system
using appropriate technology
Polluter Pay Principal (PPP)
Bring Back Better Natural Water resources
22
Alternatives for Municipal Wastewater
Management in Thailand
On-site, (individual house)
Cluster Wastewater Treatment (Group of House)
Centralized Wastewater Treatment (High density)
On-site
Centralized Wastewater
Treatment Cluster Wastewater Treatment
Household Wastewater Treatment
Household Wastewater Treatment Washer
Toilet
Kitchen
Public Drainage
Land Filtration
Oil Trap
Septic Tank
New House
Wastewater Treatment Unit
Kitchen
Toilet
Washer Public Drainage
Land Filtration
Oil Trap
Old House
Household WWT
Treatment System
outlet
Septic
Anaerobic
Oil trap
Collection System
Toilet
washer
Oil Trap
Shower
Household
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Centralized Wastewater Treatment
Central Wastewater Treatment
Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)
Stabilization Pond (46%)
Aerated Lagoon (16%)
Rotating Biological
Contactor (1%)
Constructed Wetland:
CW (2%)
Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)
Activated Sludge (36%)
Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
Facilities in Thailand (Cont.)
Constructed Wetland
Cluster Wastewater Treatment
Cluster
37
Cluster
Challenges : Review current status and update the data of
existing wastewater collection network and the
drainage system
Propose and assess technically and economically
feasible options for Centralized, Cluster and
Onsite of wastewater treatment system, including
identifying types, separate sewage system, or
combined sewer system which are appropriate for
LAOs
Challenges in Municipal Wastewater
Management in Thailand
Enhancement and Conservation of the National Environmental Quality Act B.E.2535 (1992),
- Building Effluents Standards
- Housing Estate Standards
- Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards
Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards
Remarks: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation source: Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment : Gas Station Effluent Standard and Oil Terminal Effluent Standards, and Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment: Designated Gas Stations and Oil Terminals as Pollution Point Sources published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 119, Part 43 D, dated May 28, B.E.2545 (2002)
Summary of Type and Sizes of Buildings Subject to Effluent Control
Remarks: Level of standard refers to the 6 parameters listed in the Building Effluent: Standard Values table Source: Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, B.E.2535, published in the Royal Government Gazette,Vol. 111 special part 9, dated February 4, B.E.2537 (1994).
Remarks: 1. Base on: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation *= These values are in addition to the TDS of the water used. 2. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment : Building Effluents Standards dated January 10, B.E.2537 was revoked by a) 3. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) and Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act, No. 2 B.E.2538 (1995) dated January 10, B.E.2537 was revoked by b) Sources: a) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment : Building Effluents Standards dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005) b) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of the National Enviromental Quality Act.dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)
Building Effluents Standards
Housing Estate Standards
Remarks: 1. * These values are in addition to the TDS of the water used. Base on: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater recommended by APHA : American Public Health Association, AWWA : American Water Works Associaton and WPCF : Water Pollution Control Federation 2. Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment No. 5 B.E. 2539(1996) issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) and Notification of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment No. 6, B.E. 2539(1996) issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E.2535 (1992) was revoked by a) Source: a) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment : Housing Estate Standards dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005) b) Notification of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment issued under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act. dated November 7, B.E. 2548 (2005) published in the Royal Government Gazette, Vol. 122 Part 125 D, dated December 29, B.E. 2548 (2005)
Thank You