culture is all the features of a society’s way of life. all of a society’s shared values &...

CULTURE

• Is all the features of a Is all the features of a society’s way of life. All society’s way of life. All of a society’s shared of a society’s shared values & technologies.values & technologies.

COMPONETS OF CULTURE

• FoodFood• ClothingClothing• ShelterShelter• LanguageLanguage• Tools/TechnologyTools/Technology• Economic SystemEconomic System

• FamilyFamily• ArtsArts• Political SystemPolitical System• Norms of Norms of

BehaviorBehavior• ReligionReligion

Cultural Traits:Cultural Traits:Non-Material / Non-Material /

Material Material • ReligionReligion• LanguageLanguage• Gov’t / Econ.Gov’t / Econ.• CustomsCustoms• HolidaysHolidays• Social GroupsSocial Groups• Music / DanceMusic / Dance

• ClothingClothing• JewelryJewelry• FoodFood• ArchitectureArchitecture• TechnologyTechnology• ToolsTools• ArtArt

Enthnocentrism

Is the belief that your culture is Is the belief that your culture is superior to others.superior to others.

Examples:Examples:

1. British driving on wrong side of 1. British driving on wrong side of road.road.

2. Chinese eating with chopsticks.2. Chinese eating with chopsticks.

3.European women & shaving.3.European women & shaving.

4. Middle Easterners & bathing.4. Middle Easterners & bathing.

Stereotype

• An An oversimplified belief; a oversimplified belief; a generalization(broad)generalization(broad)

Traits Related and/or Change

Related:Related:

Religion & Food :Islam-alcohol/RamadanReligion & Food :Islam-alcohol/Ramadan

Judaism-pork/kosherJudaism-pork/kosher

Religion and clothingReligion and clothing

ChangeChange

Shelter: garages, porches,Shelter: garages, porches,

Ethnocentrism or Stereotype?

• ““Those British! They’re so polite!”Those British! They’re so polite!”• ““Yeah, he’s a bodybuilder. I bet he had Yeah, he’s a bodybuilder. I bet he had

steroids for breakfast.”steroids for breakfast.”• ““Africans should NOT go around naked. Africans should NOT go around naked.

They should wear clothes!”They should wear clothes!”• ““Why do Irish people have such fiery Why do Irish people have such fiery

tempers?”tempers?”• ““If people in India would eat meat, it If people in India would eat meat, it

would end so much of their hunger would end so much of their hunger problem.problem.

Cultural Region

• An area or region where there are An area or region where there are many shared cultural traits.many shared cultural traits.

• Often divided by political Often divided by political boundaries.boundaries.

• Can also contain collections of Can also contain collections of countries example:(Scandinavia)countries example:(Scandinavia)

CULTURAL HEARTH

A center of culture where A center of culture where ideas begin and spread to ideas begin and spread to other cultures.other cultures.

Cultures Change/Develop

• Always changing, often take Always changing, often take centuries to develop, take new centuries to develop, take new traits leave old ones behindtraits leave old ones behind..

• How to changes occur?How to changes occur?

INNOVATIONINNOVATION• New ways of doing New ways of doing

things, that are useful things, that are useful and valuable for that and valuable for that culture.culture.

DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION• The movement of an The movement of an

innovation or other innovation or other culture trait through a culture trait through a society and perhaps society and perhaps into another culture into another culture region.region.

• Name some Name some examples?examples?

AcculturationAcculturation - - adapting or adapting or borrowing traits from other borrowing traits from other cultures. (language)cultures. (language)

RESOURCES

• Basic needs like food, clothing, shelter.Basic needs like food, clothing, shelter.• What is What is necessarynecessary for daily life? for daily life?

3 innovations that have greatly affected 3 innovations that have greatly affected history: history: 1.farming 1.farming

2.living in cities, 2.living in cities,

3.using machinery(printing 3.using machinery(printing press, stirrup) press, stirrup)

Hunting & Gathering

• Before people knew how to grow Before people knew how to grow plants & animals, gathered & plants & animals, gathered & hunted. (today-Bushmen of hunted. (today-Bushmen of Kalahari; climate is poor for Kalahari; climate is poor for agriculture)agriculture)

Agriculture

• Agriculture:Agriculture: raising animals, raising animals, planting crops; rapidly changed planting crops; rapidly changed face of earth, clearing fields, face of earth, clearing fields, forests, etc. (rain forest)forests, etc. (rain forest)

• More food, larger populations, More food, larger populations, people not nomadic—development people not nomadic—development of cities.of cities.

Subsistence Farming Subsistence Farming

farming enough food to farming enough food to support family or village.support family or village.

(Developing Countries)(Developing Countries)

Commercial Farming Commercial Farming

highly productive farming, highly productive farming, crops are sold for $, crops are sold for $, products are distributed, products are distributed, technology & equipment.technology & equipment.

(Developed Countries)(Developed Countries)

World ReligionsMajor Religions of the Major Religions of the WorldWorld

Buddhism Buddhism JudaismJudaism

Hinduism Hinduism ChristianityChristianity

IslamIslam

CH. 4

Demography -Demography -

the study of populations:the study of populations:

birth & death rates,birth & death rates,

marriages, families, etc...marriages, families, etc...

PopulationPopulation

The worldwide trend over the The worldwide trend over the past 50 years is increased past 50 years is increased urbanizationurbanization..

Metropolitan Areas Metropolitan Areas

UrbanizationUrbanization- is the growth - is the growth ofof

city populationscity populations

Rural AreasRural Areas - - countryside countryside

or farming regionsor farming regions

ImmigrantsImmigrants - -people who move into a people who move into a country.country.

EmigrantsEmigrants - - people who people who leave a country to live leave a country to live elsewhere.elsewhere.

Population Density Population Density Is the avg. # of people per Is the avg. # of people per square mile/km. square mile/km.

Densest areas include:Densest areas include:

1) E. Asia1) E. Asia, , 2) S. Asia2) S. Asia, ,

3) Europe 3) Europe , 4) E. U.S., 4) E. U.S.

Birth Rate Birth Rate --# of live births each year out # of live births each year out of every 1000 people.of every 1000 people.

Death RateDeath Rate - - # of deaths # of deaths each year out of every 1000 each year out of every 1000 people.people.

Defining a CountryDefining a Country

1) Territory - land, water, 1) Territory - land, water, resources in boundariesresources in boundaries

2) Population - size & makeup 2) Population - size & makeup of peopleof people

Defining a CountryDefining a Country

3) Sovereignty - freedom & 3) Sovereignty - freedom & power to make policies & power to make policies & actions.actions.

4) Government - structure & 4) Government - structure &

type of authoritytype of authority. .

Government Structure:Government Structure:Gov’t Type Gov’t PowerGov’t Type Gov’t Power

UnitarianUnitarian - - Central Central

ConfederationConfederation - Units - Units

FederalFederal - - Shared Shared

Gov’t Type Gov’t Type

UNITARY:UNITARY:

One central gov’t runs nation. One central gov’t runs nation. Central gov’t makes all laws Central gov’t makes all laws

(Britain & Japan)(Britain & Japan)


CONFEDERATION:CONFEDERATION:

Smaller units keep their Smaller units keep their power and give a central power and give a central gov’t limited authority. gov’t limited authority. (Confederate States)(Confederate States)


FEDERAL:FEDERAL: A central gov’t A central gov’t shares power with smaller shares power with smaller units (states). units (states).

(U.S.)(U.S.)

Gov’t Authority Gov’t Authority

Authoritarian:Authoritarian:

Leaders hold all or most of Leaders hold all or most of the powerthe power

Authoritarian Types Authoritarian Types

1) Dictatorship - military 1) Dictatorship - military force, little freedom.force, little freedom.

2) Totalitarianism - total 2) Totalitarianism - total control over all parts of control over all parts of society: political, econ, pers. society: political, econ, pers. freedomfreedom

Authoritaian TypesAuthoritaian Types

3) Monarchy - inherit power & 3) Monarchy - inherit power & rule as dictator.rule as dictator.

Constitutional Monarchies Constitutional Monarchies have a division of powerhave a division of power

Gov’t Authority Gov’t Authority

Democracy:Democracy:

People choose leaders & People choose leaders & gov’t policy. Representative gov’t policy. Representative democracy citizens vote for democracy citizens vote for reps. who make laws. reps. who make laws.

(U.S(U.S.).)

Economic/Economic/InfrastructureInfrastructure SystemsSystems

InfrastructureInfrastructure- support systems, - support systems, needed to keep economy going. needed to keep economy going. (power, transportation,etc)(power, transportation,etc)

GoodsGoods - “things” you buy - “things” you buy

ServicesServices - something that you pay - something that you pay someone to dosomeone to do

Economic SystemsEconomic Systems

1) What (& how many) 1) What (& how many) goods/services produced?goods/services produced?

2) How will products be 2) How will products be produced?produced?

3) How will products & wealth 3) How will products & wealth be distributed?be distributed?


Communism Socialism Communism Socialism CapitalismCapitalism

CommunismCommunism - “controlled - “controlled market” “state” makes market” “state” makes decisions, owns & operates decisions, owns & operates industriesindustries


SocialismSocialism - “mixed econ.” - “mixed econ.”

state owns & operates basic state owns & operates basic

industries with some industries with some

private companies, sharedprivate companies, shared

decisions on policies.decisions on policies.


CapitalismCapitalism - “free market - “free market econ.” People make econ.” People make decisions little gov’t control. decisions little gov’t control.

(supply & demand)(supply & demand)

Supply & DemandSupply & Demand

Supply If supply is Supply If supply is

high &high & demand is demand is lowlow

then then prices goprices go

DemandDemand down.down.

Supply & DemandSupply & Demand

Demand If demand is Demand If demand is

high & high &

supply is lowsupply is low

then prices gothen prices go

Supply up.Supply up.

Natural Resources:Natural Resources:

Materials people take from Materials people take from the environment to survive the environment to survive & satisfy needs& satisfy needs

Natural Resources:Natural Resources:

Renewable ResourcesRenewable Resources - the - the environment continues to environment continues to supply (soil, water, trees).supply (soil, water, trees).

Non-renewableNon-renewable - cannot be - cannot be reused, or take millions of reused, or take millions of years to replaceyears to replace..

Fossil Fuels:Fossil Fuels:

Formed from ancient remains Formed from ancient remains of plants & animals.of plants & animals.

1) Coal, 2) Oil1) Coal, 2) Oil

3) Natural Gas3) Natural Gas

Alternative Energy SourcesAlternative Energy Sources

NuclearNuclear - created by fission - created by fission

(splitting uranium atoms to (splitting uranium atoms to release energy)release energy)


GeothermalGeothermal - using steam - using steam created by the earth’s created by the earth’s internal heat to convert into internal heat to convert into electricity.electricity.


HydroelectricHydroelectric - using dams to - using dams to convert water into electricityconvert water into electricity


SolarSolar - convert energy from - convert energy from the sun.the sun.

ManufacturingManufacturing

the process of turning raw the process of turning raw materials into finished materials into finished products.products.

Service Industries Service Industries

provides a service for people provides a service for people other than manufacturing or other than manufacturing or gathering raw materials:gathering raw materials:

(transportation, sales, ed., (transportation, sales, ed., banking, health, advert.)banking, health, advert.)

Developed Countries Developed Countries

modern, industrial societies modern, industrial societies with technology & well with technology & well developed economies: developed economies: (U.S., Japan, Germany, U.K.)(U.S., Japan, Germany, U.K.)

Developing Countries Developing Countries

poorer countries with less poorer countries with less technology & industry, technology & industry, depend on developed depend on developed countries for many countries for many industrial goods. (Mexico, industrial goods. (Mexico, Somalia, etc...)Somalia, etc...)

1st World1st World 2nd World2nd World 3rd 3rd WorldWorld

U.S./Ger. U.S./Ger. China/Russia China/Russia DevelopingDeveloping

believe in believe in believe in believe in Countries Countries

Freedom Freedom ControlControl 1st & 1st & 2nd2nd

DemocracyDemocracy Authoritarian Authoritarian World World areare

Capitalism Capitalism CommunismCommunism competingcompeting

for for influenceinfluence

of of these these

GDP -Gross Domestic ProductGDP -Gross Domestic Product

the total value of all goods and the total value of all goods and services produced by a country services produced by a country in a given period of time.in a given period of time.

(measures wealth)(measures wealth)

Per Capita IncomePer Capita Income

$ person.$ person.

a nation’s GDP divided by its a nation’s GDP divided by its total population. total population.

(Compares nations by how (Compares nations by how productive the average productive the average citizen is)citizen is)

culture is all the features of a society’s way of life. all of a society’s shared values &...

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