internet society’s public policy goals

ITU Workshop on NGN Policy 1

New Medium vs. Old Models: New Medium vs. Old Models: Policy and Standards for Policy and Standards for

the Next Generation Internet the Next Generation Internet

Michael R. Nelson

Vice President, PolicyInternet Society

ITU, Geneva23 March 2006


Internet Society’s Public Policy GoalsInternet Society’s Public Policy Goals

Ensuring:Ensuring:

• Ability to Connect => preserve end-to-endAbility to Connect => preserve end-to-end

• Ability to Speak => oppose censorshipAbility to Speak => oppose censorship

• Ability to Innovate => open standardsAbility to Innovate => open standards

• Ability to Share => ensure fair useAbility to Share => ensure fair use

• Ability to Choose => foster competitionAbility to Choose => foster competition

• Ability to Trust => security and reliabilityAbility to Trust => security and reliability


Standards(IETF)

Internet Management

(ICANN)

Internet Policy

Internet-related Policy


Bottom LineBottom Line

A PROFOUND PARADIGM SHIFTA PROFOUND PARADIGM SHIFT

– As important as the World Wide Web was in 1995As important as the World Wide Web was in 1995

– New approaches to policy are essentialNew approaches to policy are essential

– It’s not about imposing old broadcasting or It’s not about imposing old broadcasting or

telephony regulations on the Nettelephony regulations on the Net


TIME FOR A QUIZTIME FOR A QUIZ


Question 1 – Defining TermsQuestion 1 – Defining Terms

What is the What is the Next Generation NetworkNext Generation Network??

A.A. A replacement for the InternetA replacement for the Internet

B.B. An effort to resurrect the Intelligent Network, give more control An effort to resurrect the Intelligent Network, give more control to phone companies, and hinder new entrantsto phone companies, and hinder new entrants

C.C. An effort to make government wiretaps easierAn effort to make government wiretaps easier

D.D. A vague, but useful, marketing termA vague, but useful, marketing term

E.E. An excuse for lots of working group meetingsAn excuse for lots of working group meetings

F.F. An important effort to help ISPs build and manage their An important effort to help ISPs build and manage their networksnetworks

G.G. An effort to promote key Internet standardsAn effort to promote key Internet standards


Question 2 – Defining TermsQuestion 2 – Defining Terms

What is the What is the Next Generation InternetNext Generation Internet (NGi)? (NGi)?

A.A. A replacement for the InternetA replacement for the Internet

B.B. A vague, but useful, marketing termA vague, but useful, marketing term

C.C. A justification for lots of conferencesA justification for lots of conferences

D.D. A collection of new Internet technologies A collection of new Internet technologies and standards that will accelerate the and standards that will accelerate the evolution of the Internet and development of evolution of the Internet and development of exciting new Internet applicationsexciting new Internet applications


Components of the NGi -- Web 2.0Components of the NGi -- Web 2.0

Web 1.0Web 1.0 Web 2.0Web 2.0

ToolsTools Browser, WiredBrowser, WiredBlogs, Wikis, AJAX, Grid, Blogs, Wikis, AJAX, Grid,

Computing, WirelessComputing, Wireless

StandardsStandards TCP/IP, HTMLTCP/IP, HTMLSOAP, XML, XHTMLSOAP, XML, XHTML

Web ServicesWeb Services

FocusFocusEnable data access, transactionsEnable data access, transactions

DialogueDialogue

Enable collaborative workEnable collaborative work

Immersive environmentsImmersive environments

MediaMedia Text, Image, PDF, MP3Text, Image, PDF, MP3 Video, Conferencing, SkypeVideo, Conferencing, Skype

New ConceptNew Concept HyperlinksHyperlinks Application mashup Application mashup

Business Business

PositioningPositioninge-Commerce, e-Businesse-Commerce, e-Business e-Business 2.0?e-Business 2.0?


Components of the NGi (continued)Components of the NGi (continued)

• IPv6IPv6

• All-optical, gigabit networksAll-optical, gigabit networks

• Broadband wireless (WiMax)Broadband wireless (WiMax)

• Widespread, standards-based authenticationWidespread, standards-based authentication

• 100s of billions of sensors and devices100s of billions of sensors and devices

• Distributed computing (e.g. Grid)Distributed computing (e.g. Grid)


user

Phase 3 -- Distributed Computing -- many-to-many

Grid Server

Grid Server

Grid Server

user

Phase 3 -- Distributed Computing -- many-to-many

Grid Server

Grid Server

Grid Server


Many Flavors of Distributed Computing

Power per node1 100

Num

ber

of n

odes

10

1 MPeer-to-peer (PC-based) Napster KaZaa SETI@home

Grid Computing (Server-based)National Grids TeraGrid

The Holy GridEverything integrated with everything

Many Flavors of Distributed Computing

Power per node1 100

Num

ber

of n

odes

10

1 MPeer-to-peer (PC-based) Napster KaZaa SETI@home

Grid Computing (Server-based)National Grids TeraGrid

The Holy GridEverything integrated with everything

Num

ber of nodes


Question 3 – Internet GovernanceQuestion 3 – Internet Governance

Who controls the Internet?Who controls the Internet?

• GovernmentsGovernments

• Telecommunications companiesTelecommunications companies

• IT companiesIT companies

• UsersUsers

• Everyone and no oneEveryone and no one


““Phone governance” (1970): Who made choices Phone governance” (1970): Who made choices about phone service?about phone service?

Hundreds of governments

Hundreds of government-run telephone companies

International Telecommunication Union

(“subscribers”)


Who makes choices about the Net?Who makes choices about the Net?

Dozens of intergovernmental organizations, standards bodies, and international NGOs

Hun

dred

s of

gov

ernm

ents

and

natio

nal c

onso

rtia

Thou

sand

s of

IT v

endo

rs,

netw

ork

prov

ider

s, IS

Ps…

Milli

ons

of In

tern

et u

sers


Question 4 - LeversQuestion 4 - Levers

Rank in order of importance:Rank in order of importance:

A.A. Government PolicyGovernment Policy

B.B. Technical StandardsTechnical Standards

C.C. Business PracticesBusiness Practices


Key organizations affecting Internet industryKey organizations affecting Internet industry

Allocation ofInternet resources

InternetStandards

GovernmentPolicy and Regulation

National governments

UN agencies

WTO

OECD

EU

ICANNRIRsregistries

IETF

W3CIEEE

ITU-T


Critical technology choicesCritical technology choices

• Authentication and directoriesAuthentication and directories• Privacy-enhancing technologies (P3P)Privacy-enhancing technologies (P3P)• Digital Rights ManagementDigital Rights Management• Filtering technologies to block spam, pornFiltering technologies to block spam, porn• Voice over IPVoice over IP• Wireless Internet standardsWireless Internet standards• Web services and Grid computingWeb services and Grid computing• Instant messagingInstant messaging• IPv6 deploymentIPv6 deployment• Linking the phone network and the InternetLinking the phone network and the Internet• Rich media standards (SIP, multicast, etc.)Rich media standards (SIP, multicast, etc.)• End-to-end vs. walled gardensEnd-to-end vs. walled gardens


Tech answers to policy problemsTech answers to policy problems

• PrivacyPrivacy P3P, etc.P3P, etc.• PiracyPiracy DRMDRM• PornographyPornography Filtering technologiesFiltering technologies• ProtectionProtection AuthenticationAuthentication• PricingPricing Grid standardsGrid standards• PolicingPolicing Wireless Internet Wireless Internet • PsychologyPsychology Phone-Net mergerPhone-Net merger• ProcurementProcurement Voice over IPVoice over IP• Payments Payments • ProtectionismProtectionism


Question 5 – Focus for PolicymakersQuestion 5 – Focus for Policymakers

To spur development of the Next Generation Internet, policymakers need To spur development of the Next Generation Internet, policymakers need to focus on:to focus on:

A.A. Controlling ICANN and the Domain Name SystemControlling ICANN and the Domain Name System

B.B. Regulating the price of Internet serviceRegulating the price of Internet service

C.C. Controlling content broadcast over the InternetControlling content broadcast over the Internet

D.D. Funding new universal service schemesFunding new universal service schemes

E.E. Setting national Internet standardsSetting national Internet standards

F.F. Fostering competition and innovationFostering competition and innovation• Supporting open global standards openly developedSupporting open global standards openly developed• Supporting open sourceSupporting open source• Supporting open marketsSupporting open markets• Supporting R&D, education, & e-government applicationsSupporting R&D, education, & e-government applications• Enforcing competition lawsEnforcing competition laws• Opening up more spectrumOpening up more spectrum


Question 6 – Focus for Standards bodiesQuestion 6 – Focus for Standards bodies

To spur the growth and deployment of the Next Generation Internet, To spur the growth and deployment of the Next Generation Internet, standards bodies need to:standards bodies need to:

A.A. Compete and cooperateCompete and cooperate

B.B. Avoid comprehensive, one-size-fits-all solutionsAvoid comprehensive, one-size-fits-all solutions

C.C. Encourage experimentation and flexibilityEncourage experimentation and flexibility

D.D. Avoid creating “control points”Avoid creating “control points”

E.E. Strive for standards that are royalty-free and can be implemented Strive for standards that are royalty-free and can be implemented in open source softwarein open source software

F.F. Factor in policy and business considerationsFactor in policy and business considerations

G.G. Involve a wider community of “stakeholders” (users, LDCs)Involve a wider community of “stakeholders” (users, LDCs)

H.H. All of AboveAll of Above


Standards that workStandards that work

Historical Case Studies:Historical Case Studies:

• OSI vs. TCP/IPOSI vs. TCP/IP

• WAP vs. WiFiWAP vs. WiFi

• HDTV vs. Internet videoHDTV vs. Internet video

• Electronic authenticationElectronic authentication

• Digital Rights ManagementDigital Rights Management

Good policy > Good standards > Happy usersGood policy > Good standards > Happy users


BACKGROUND SLIDESBACKGROUND SLIDES


Layers of the Information SocietyLayers of the Information Society

Rule of Law (contracts, anti-corruption, etc.)

Telecommunications networks

Internet

Computer hardware

Software, e-business, and content

Education and training


What’s New Now?What’s New Now?

• 1 billion PCs >> trillions of devices, sensors1 billion PCs >> trillions of devices, sensors

• Web >> Web Services, GridWeb >> Web Services, Grid

• Communications media > Computing PlatformCommunications media > Computing Platform

• One-to-one + One-to-many >> Many-to-manyOne-to-one + One-to-many >> Many-to-many

• Megabit networks > all-optical gigabit networksMegabit networks > all-optical gigabit networks

• WiFi >> broadband wireless (e.g. WiMax)WiFi >> broadband wireless (e.g. WiMax)

• Open standards openly developed + open Open standards openly developed + open sourcesource


Locus of Decision-makingLocus of Decision-making

No government All government Degree of government involvement

International

Regional

National

Company/Local

Individual

Internet standards

Online taxesCensorship

Telecom regulation

Spectrum policy

DNSIP addresses

Trade policy

Cyber-crime

Development aid

Spam

On-line privacy

Cyber-security

E-government




International

Regional

National

Company/Local

Individual

Spam

(Many different decisions in many different places)


Locus of Decision-makingLocus of Decision-makingTelephony GovernanceTelephony Governance


International

Regional

National

Company/Local

Individual

Telephony standards

Taxation

Telecom regulation

Spectrum policy Trade policyAccounting Rates

Country codes




International

Regional

National

Company/Local

Individual

Internet standards

Online taxesCensorship

Telecom regulation

Spectrum policy

DNSIP addresses

Trade policy

Cyber-crime

Development aid

Spam

On-line privacy

Cyber-security

E-government

Where “Internet governance” is needed


Where are we headed?Where are we headed?


International

Regional

National

Company/Local

Individual

Global “Internet governance”

Scenario #1

Scenario #2

Scenario #3


Clash of ModelsClash of Models

POLICYPOLICY

• Top-downTop-down

• Hundreds of expertsHundreds of experts

• One-size-fits-all answerOne-size-fits-all answer

• TreatiesTreaties

• 1-10 years1-10 years

• Lawyers, politiciansLawyers, politicians

• PrecedentPrecedent

• Certainty, “coherence”Certainty, “coherence”

MARKETSMARKETS

• Bottom-upBottom-up

• Millions of buyersMillions of buyers

• Competing solutionsCompeting solutions

• Products and standardsProducts and standards

• <2 years<2 years

• Engineers, entrepreneursEngineers, entrepreneurs

• InnovationInnovation

• Choice, opennessChoice, openness

internet society’s public policy goals

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