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Cultural Heritage Cultural Heritage Preservation andPreservation andPreservation and Preservation and 

Management in Sindh:Management in Sindh:

Current Challenges and Current Challenges and Possible Possible ResponsesResponses

Dr.MohammedDr.Mohammed RafiqueRafique MughalMughal

Principal ConceptsPrincipal Concepts

Definition of Cultural Heritage and Definition of Cultural Heritage and C t iC t iCategoriesCategoriesPhilosophy of PreservationPhilosophy of Preservation

-- Why?Why?-- What?What?-- How?How?-- Local Relevance? Local Relevance?

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The World Heritage Convention, The World Heritage Convention, 19721972

The cultural and natural heritage is among the The cultural and natural heritage is among the priceless and irreplaceable assets, not only of priceless and irreplaceable assets, not only of p p , yp p , yeach nation, but of humanity as a whole. The each nation, but of humanity as a whole. The loss, through deterioration or disappearance, of loss, through deterioration or disappearance, of any of these most prized assets constitutes an any of these most prized assets constitutes an impoverishment of the heritage of all the impoverishment of the heritage of all the peoples of the world. Parts of that heritage, peoples of the world. Parts of that heritage, because of their exceptional qualities, can be because of their exceptional qualities, can be considered to be of “outstanding universalconsidered to be of “outstanding universalconsidered to be of  outstanding universal considered to be of  outstanding universal value” and as such worthy of special protection value” and as such worthy of special protection against the dangers which increasingly against the dangers which increasingly threaten them. threaten them. 

The Cultural HeritageThe Cultural Heritage

(a) monuments: architectural works, (a) monuments: architectural works, k f t l l t dk f t l l t dworks of monumental sculpture and works of monumental sculpture and

painting, elements or structures of an painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or from the point of view of history, art or science;science;

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(b) groups of buildings: groups of (b) groups of buildings: groups of t t d b ildi hi ht t d b ildi hi hseparate or connected buildings which, separate or connected buildings which,

because of their architecture, their because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art value from the point of view of history, art or scienceor science

(c) sites: works of man or the combined (c) sites: works of man or the combined k f t d f dk f t d f dworks of nature and of man, and areas works of nature and of man, and areas

including archaeological sites which are of including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological points of viewanthropological points of view

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Cultural LandscapesCultural Landscapes

Cultural properties representing the Cultural properties representing the "combined works of nature and of man""combined works of nature and of man"combined works of nature and of man combined works of nature and of man (designated in Article 1 of the (designated in Article 1 of the Convention)Convention). They are illustrative of the . They are illustrative of the evolution of human society and settlement evolution of human society and settlement over time, under the influence of the over time, under the influence of the physical constraints and/or opportunitiesphysical constraints and/or opportunitiesphysical constraints and/or opportunities physical constraints and/or opportunities presented by their natural environment presented by their natural environment and of successive social, economic and and of successive social, economic and cultural forces, both external and internal. cultural forces, both external and internal.

TYPES OFTHREATS TYPES OFTHREATS TO CULTURAL TO CULTURAL

HERITAGEHERITAGEHuman and NaturalHuman and Natural

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Management of Cultural HeritageManagement of Cultural Heritage

Adequate organizational management, Adequate organizational management, structure and authoritystructure and authorityyyMechanisms for continuous participation of Mechanisms for continuous participation of local residents local residents Maintenance strategy and calendar of Maintenance strategy and calendar of inspection inspection Tourism management, controls and Tourism management, controls and carrying capacity to safeguard OUVcarrying capacity to safeguard OUV--O t t di U i l V lO t t di U i l V lOutstanding Universal ValueOutstanding Universal ValueAdequate fundingAdequate fundingPresentation of property through researchPresentation of property through researchDisaster planning and responseDisaster planning and response

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Conservation Issues and Conservation Issues and EthicsEthics

Principles and PracticePrinciples and Practice

Documents on Conservation of Documents on Conservation of Monuments and SitesMonuments and Sites

The Athens Charter, 1932The Athens Charter, 1932• • International Charter for the International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites Monuments and Sites (Venice Charter (Venice Charter 1964)1964)Lahore Recommendations 1980Lahore Recommendations 1980Lahore Recommendations, 1980Lahore Recommendations, 1980The Burra Charter, 1981The Burra Charter, 1981 (revised 3 (revised 3 times)times)

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• • Historic Gardens Historic Gardens (Florence Charter (Florence Charter 1981)1981)1981)1981)• • Charter for the Conservation of Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas, Historic Towns and Urban Areas, 1987 1987 ((The Washington Charter)The Washington Charter)• • Charter for the Protection and Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Management of the Archaeological Heritage Heritage (1990)(1990)

•• Guidelines on Education and Training in theGuidelines on Education and Training in the Guidelines on Education and Training in the Guidelines on Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites Sites (1993)(1993)• • Nara Document on AuthenticityNara Document on Authenticity (1994)(1994)

–– Form and designForm and design–– Materials and substanceMaterials and substance–– Use and functionUse and function

T diti t h i d t tT diti t h i d t t–– Traditions, techniques, and management systemTraditions, techniques, and management system–– Location and settingLocation and setting–– Language and intangible heritageLanguage and intangible heritage–– Spirit and feelingSpirit and feeling

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• • Principles for the Recording of Principles for the Recording of Monuments, Groups of Buildings and SitesMonuments, Groups of Buildings and SitesMonuments, Groups of Buildings and Sites Monuments, Groups of Buildings and Sites (1996)(1996)

Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage (1999)(1999)

ICOMOS Charter ICOMOS Charter –– Principles for the Principles for the analysis, conservation and structural analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage restoration of architectural heritage (2003)(2003)

On Ethics of ConservationOn Ethics of Conservation

-- Restoration (fully researched)Restoration (fully researched)–– Minimum interventionMinimum intervention–– Respect for site and all periodsRespect for site and all periods–– ReversibleReversible–– Transparent documentationTransparent documentation–– Maximum retention of exiting materialsMaximum retention of exiting materialsMaximum retention of exiting materialsMaximum retention of exiting materials–– HarmoniousHarmonious–– Sufficiently trained specialistsSufficiently trained specialists

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On Rick PreparednessOn Rick Preparedness

Case of Mohenjodaro ?Case of Mohenjodaro ?

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PREVENTIVEPREVENTIVEPREVENTIVE PREVENTIVE CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION

Some ExamplesSome Examples

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THE FUTURE ?THE FUTURE ?