JavaEnhanced multimedia capabilities incorporating images, animation audio and video.Enables applications to run on the InternetMultithreadingReusability - and existing libraries of codePortability - applications written on one platform will run on anotherFully object oriented Java Applications

public class HelloWorld{

public static void main (String args[ ]){

System.out.println(“Hello World!”);}

}

Java Appletsimport java.awt.Graphics;public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet{

public void paint(Graphics g){

g.drawString(“Hello World!”, 5, 25);}

}

Variables - Name for a memory location:

Data_Type Variable_Name(userDefined) { = value} ;int number = 5;char ch = ‘A’; float f =1.3f;

Range of valuesint -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647float -3.402823e38 to 3.402823e38double -1.79769313486232e308 to 1.79769313486232e308char Symbols used in text (8 bits)boolean true or false

byte -128 to 127short -32,768 to 32,767long Huge

Constants - A values that is fixed, explicitly stated, does not change:

final float SALESTAX = 0.0725;

taxOwed = 12 * SALESTAX;

Operator Precedence ChartYou may use this chart during quizzes and exams.

Example of Mod

int x = 42; x%10 2 x% 50 42

The ++ and -- operators

Example 1int a = 1;int b = 2;int c;int d;

c = ++b; // c =3 b = 3d = a++; // d=1 a = 2c++; //c = 4

Example 2int a=4, b=9, c, d, e;c = ++a; //a = 5 c = 5d = b++; //d = 9 b = 10e = ++b; //b=11 e = 11

Example 3int num = 10;

(num++ = = num) evaluate? 10 == 11 False

(num = = num++) evaluate? 10 == 10 True After the execution of the statement the value of num changes to 11

(++num = = num) evaluate? 11 == 11 True

(num = = ++num) evaluate? 10 == 11 False

package comparison;

/* Title: Comparison * Description: Compares 2 numbers *Copyright: Copyright Coach (c) 2014 * Company: Coach's Corporation * author Coach*/import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;

public class ComparisonSwing extends Applet implements ActionListener{ Label prompt1; TextField input1; Label prompt2; TextField input2; int number1=0, number2=0; // setup the graphical user interface components and initialize variables public void init() { prompt1 = new Label("Enter an integer"); add(prompt1);

input1 = new TextField(10);add(input1);

prompt2 = new Label("Enter an integer and press Enter");add(prompt2);

input2 = new TextField(10); input2.addActionListener(this); add(input2); }//Display the resultpubic void paint (graphics g){

g.drawString(“Result”,100,100);g.drawString(“Number 1 is “ + number1,100,120);g.drawString(“Number 2 is “ + number2,100,140);

} // process user's action on the input2 text field public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { number1 = Integer.parseInt( input1.getText() ); number2 = Integer.parseInt( input2.getText() );

repaint();}

Flow of execution of a source code.

if Statementsint a, b, c;if (a<b)

c=a;else

c=b;//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////int a,b,c,d;

if (a<b ){

if( a<c){

d = a;a = b;

{ }Else{

c=b;a=c;

}/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Conditional Expressionmax = (a>b) ? a: b;

if (a>b)max = a;

elsemax = b;

Another way of writing conditional expression(a>b)? max = a : max = b;

Relational Operators(used for comparison): = = ! = > < > = < =Logical Operators: && | |

A B A||B A&&B A^B !AT T T T F FT F T F T FF T T F T TF F F F F T

Loops

int n = 10;while (n > 0) {

System.out.println(“tick ” + n);n--;

}

for (int n=10; n>0; n--)System.out.println(“tick ” + n);

for (i=0; i<10; i++) {for (j=i; j<10; j++)

System.out.print(“.”);System.out.println();

}……….……………..…….………..….…..

for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {

if (i = = 10) break; // terminate if i is 10System.out.println( “i: ” + i);

}

Reserved word outer: for (int x=0; x<3; x++) {

System.out.print(“Pass ” + x + “: ”);for (int y=0; y<100; y++) {

if (y = = 10) break outer; // exit both loopsSystem.out.print(y + “ ”);

}System.out.println(“This will not print”);

}System.out.println(“Loops Complete.”);

for (int x=0; x<10; x++) {

System.out.print (“ “ + x ); if (x % 2 = = 0) continue;System.out.print (“”+x+ “ “ );

}0 11 233 455 677 899

Examples of a switch statement:The parameter for switch statement should be either integer or character.

X = Integer.parsInt(input.getText());switch(x) {

case 0:System.out.println(“x is zero.”);break;

case 1:System.out.println(“x is one.”);break;

case 2:System.out.println(“x is two.”);break;

default:System.out.println(“x is not in range.”);

}

int month;String season;

switch (month) {case 12:case 1:case 2:

season = “Winter”;break;

case 3:case 4:case 5:

season = “Spring”;break;

case 6:case 7:case 8:

season = “Summer”;break;

case 9:case 10:case 11:

season = “Autumn”;break;

default:season = “Bogus Month”;

}