csiro pcc pilot plant research in...

CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in

Aaron Cottrell, PCC pilot plant project manager, CSIRO

PCC Science & Technology seminar, Tuesday 26 March 2013

CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia

Energy Technology

Research Partners

CSIRO PCC pilot plant research in Australia | Aaron Cottrell |

Overview

• CSIRO CO2 capture pilot plants

• The Tarong pilot plant

• Baseline operation with MEA– Column profiles

– Minimum energy operating conditions



– Process modification evaluation

– HSS formation

• Conclusions and future work

Learning by doing Learning by searchingPCC

Pilot plants Research & Development

Loy YangNovel solvents

CET Ionic liquidsCET

Adsorbents

Integrated PCC R&D Program


Vales Point

China Huaneng

Tarong

Novel processesCET

Economics & IntegrationCET

Solvent synthesisCMSE

AdsorbentsCESRE

Environmental impactsCET

EnzymesCES

Plant Loy Yang Munmorah ��

Vales Point

Tarong Newcastle PDF

Solvent Amine Ammonia/

Amine

Amine Ammonia/

Amine

Flue gas source Brown coal Black coal Black coal Synthetic

Scale 50 kg/hr 300 kg/hr 100 kg/hr 20 kg/hr

Pilot plant summary


Scale 50 kg/hr 300 kg/hr 100 kg/hr 20 kg/hr

Focus Solvent

benchmarking

Ammonia

operation

Process

optimisation

Process

development

Other

activities

Emission study Pressurised

absorption

Concentrated

piperazine

Cutting edge

processes

� Matrix approach helps cover many aspects of PCC as well as providing quicker delivery of information

CSIRO pilot plant at AGL Loy Yang

• Brown coal flue gas, amine based solvents

• Previous experimental campaigns –Focus on solvent evaluation

– Baseline with 30wt% MEA

– Completed 7 campaigns with different solvents


solvents

• Current work also focusing on detailed emissions measurements and solvent degradation

• Collaboration with EU consortium in the coCAPco project (combined CO2 + SO2

control process)

Artanto et al. 2012, Fuel 101, 264-275

Munmorah/Vales Point pilot plant

• Black coal flue gas

• Evaluated ammonia as a CO2 capture solvent

• Relocated to Vales Point power station. Currently undergoing commissioning

• NH3 is an interesting solvent for CO2


• NH3 is an interesting solvent for CO2

capture, however there are challenges:

– Ammonia loss

– Low CO2 absorption rates

– Solids formation (condenser)

• Supported by Coal Innovation NSW funding

Yu et al. 2012, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 10, 15-25

Vales Point pilot plant – solar• Design and construction of a pilot scale solar thermal reboiler for

thermal regeneration of liquid absorbents.


Tarong Power Station• Sub-critical black coal, built late 1970’s• 4 units, 1400 MW total• No FGD/DeNox

Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant

Results from the Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant | Ashleigh Cousins |

Operation overview

• Construction on site, May – August 2010

• Commissioning, August – November 2010

• Operation with MEA, November 2010 –May 2011

– Baseline operation (24 hr)





– Corrosion coupon analysis

• Initial operation with piperazine, August –October 2011

• APP project completed 2011

• ANLEC R&D project, Evaluation of concentrated piperazine, October 2011 –now

Baseline operation – absorber column profiles

5

6

7

8

Pac

ked

heig

ht (

m)

Model gas Model liquid Plant gas

Plant liquid Plant packing

Temperature

5

6

7

8

Pac

ked

heig

ht (

m)

Model CO2 Plant CO2

Liquid CO2 concentration


0

1

2

3

4

5

30 40 50 60 70

Temperature (C)

Pac

ked

heig

ht (

m)

0

1

2

3

4

0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

Solvent CO2 loading (mol CO2 / mol MEA)

Pac

ked

heig

ht (

m)

Cousins et al. 2012, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 2, 329-345

Baseline operation – minimum energy operating conditions

4

5

6

7

So

lven

t re

gen

erat

ion

en

erg

y (M

J/kg

CO

2)

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Lea

n lo

adin

g (

mo

l CO

2 / m

ol M

EA

)

Plant energy Model reboiler duty Plant lean loading Model lean loading


0

1

2

3

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

Liquid/Gas ratio (kg/kg)

So

lven

t re

gen

erat

ion

en

erg

y (M

J/kg

CO

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Lea

n lo

adin

g (

mo

l CO


Process modification evaluation – rich split


Based on patent of Eisenberg and Johnson 1979

Process modification evaluation – rich split

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

Sol

vent

reg

ener

atio

n en

ergy

(kW

)

Split data 0% Split

80

90

100

% o

f coo

ling

wat

er r

equi

rem

ent c

ompa

red

Split data 0% Split


75

80

85

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Split fraction (mass%)

Sol

vent

reg

ener

atio

n en

ergy

(kW

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Split fraction (mass %)

% o

f coo

ling

wat

er r

equi

rem

ent c

ompa

red

to s

tand

ard

oper

atio

n


Heat stable salt measurement

• Flue gas after pre-treatment ~

– 0-5 ppm SO2

– 100-220 ppm NO

– 0-3 ppm NO2

• HSS content increased ~0.4 wt% after 500 h operation

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Hea

t sta

ble

sal

t co

nce

ntr

atio

n (w

t%)


Cottrell 2011, Proceedings 1st Post Combustion Capture conference

• HSS content increased ~0.4 wt% after 500 h operation

• Solvent did not exhibit any noticeable decrease in performance

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Hours of operation

Hea

t sta

ble

sal

t co

nce

ntr

atio

n (w

t%)

Why piperazine?

• Potentially lower regeneration energy solvent cf. MEA

• More stable (thermal/chemical)

• Low vapour pressure (reduced environmental emissions)

Concerns when operating with piperazine

Concentrated piperazine


Concerns when operating with piperazine

• Narrow operating window – solubility issues

• Formation of degradation products

In collaboration with the University of Texas, Austin

Conclusions and future work

CSIRO’s pilot plants have provided useful information for evaluating CO2 capture technologies at Australian coal fired power stations.

Future work:

• Loy Yang

o Combined SO2 and CO2 removal as part of the coCAPco project

• Vales Point


• Vales Point

o Pilot plant will be available for additional projects

o Development of solar thermal reforming

• Tarong

o Evaluation of concentrated piperazine funded through ANLEC R&D

Aaron Cottrell

PCC pilot plant Project Manager

CSIRO Energy Technology

Thank youAdvanced Coal Technology Portfolio

CSIRO Energy Technology

CET, NSW

[email protected]

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