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37
CSE 473: Ar+ficial Intelligence Hanna Hajishirzi h;p://www.cs.washington.edu/cse473/14sp/ Several slides from Luke Ze;lemoyer, Dan Klein, Dan Weld, Stuart Russell, Andrew Moore

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Page 1: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

CSE  473:    Ar+ficial  Intelligence  

Hanna  Hajishirzi    

h;p://www.cs.washington.edu/cse473/14sp/    

Several  slides  from  Luke  Ze;lemoyer,  Dan  Klein,  Dan  Weld,    Stuart  Russell,    Andrew  Moore  

Page 2: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  is  CSE  473?  Textbook:      •  Ar+ficial  Intelligence:    A  Modern  

Approach,  Russell  and  Norvig  (3rd  ed)  

Prerequisites:    •   Data  Structures  (CSE  326  or  CSE  322)            

or  equivalent  •   Basic  exposure  to  probability,  data  

 structures,  and  logic    Work:  •     Readings,  •     Programming  assignment  (50%),    •     Wri;en  assignments  (20%),    •     Final  Exam  (25%),    •     Class  par+cipa+on  (5%)  

Page 3: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Course  Staff  •  Instructor:  

•   Hanna  Hajishirzi        Research:  AI,  NLP,  ML,  Reasoning  

•  TAs:    •  Svetoslav  Kolev  •  Yunyi  Song  •  Johnson  Goh    

•  Course  Overload:  •  Write  your  name  on  the  overload  request  form  if  you  are  not  

registered    

Page 4: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Today  •  What  is  ar+ficial  intelligence  (AI)?  

•  What  can  AI  do?  

•  What  is  this  course?  

Page 5: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  is  AI?  

Science of making intelligent machines or computer programs

Page 6: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Think like humans

Think rationally

Act like humans

Act rationally

The  science  of  making  machines  that:  

What  Is  AI?  

Page 7: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Ra+onal  Decisions  

We’ll  use  the  term  ra#onal  in  a  par+cular  way:  •   Ra+onal:  maximally  achieving  pre-­‐defined  goals    

•   Ra+onal  only  concerns  what  decisions  are  made      (not  the  thought  process  behind  them)  

 

•   Goals  are  expressed  in  terms  of  the  u+lity  of  outcomes    

•   Being  ra+onal  means  maximizing  your  expected  u+lity  

A better title for this course would be:

Computational Rationality

Page 8: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Can  We  Build  It?  1011 neurons

1014 synapses cycle time: 10-3 sec

109 transistors 1012 bits of RAM

cycle time: 10-9 sec

vs.

Page 9: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

A  (Short)  History  of  AI  •  Prehistory    •  1940-­‐1950:  Early  days    •  1950—70:  Excitement:  Look,  Ma,  no  hands!    •  1970—88:  Knowledge-­‐based  approaches    •  1988—:  Sta+s+cal  approaches    •  2000—:  Where  are  we  now?            

Page 10: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Prehistory  

and

•  Logical  Reasoning:  (4th  C  BC+)  Aristotle,  George  Boole,  Go;lob  Frege,  Alfred  Tarski  

•  Probabilis+c  Reasoning:  (16th  C+)  Gerolamo  Cardano,  Pierre  Fermat,  James  Bernoulli,  Thomas  Bayes  

Page 11: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

1940-­‐1950:  Early  Days  

I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed... -Alan Turing

•  1943:  McCulloch  &  Pi;s:  Boolean  circuit  model  of  brain  

•  1950:  Turing's  “Compu+ng  Machinery  and  Intelligence”  

Page 12: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

The  Turing  Test  •  Turing  (1950)  “Compu+ng  machinery  and  intelligence”  

•  “Can  machines  think?” à  “Can  machines  behave  intelligently?”  •  The  Imita+on  Game:  

 

 •  Suggested  major  components  of  AI:  knowledge,  

reasoning,  language  understanding,  learning  

Page 13: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

1950-­‐1970:  Excitement  

“Over Christmas, Allen Newell and I created a thinking machine.”" -Herbert Simon!

•  1950s: Early AI programs including •  Samuel's checkers program, •  Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist, •  Gelernter's Geometry Engine

•  1956: Dartmouth meeting: “Artificial Intelligence” adopted

•  1965: Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning

Page 14: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

1970-­‐1980:  Knowledge  Based  Systems  

The  knowledge  engineer  prac+ces  the  art  of  bringing  the  principles  and  tools  of  AI  research  to  bear  on  difficult  applica+ons  problems  requiring  experts’  knowledge  for  their  solu+on.        -­‐  Edward  Felgenbaum  in  “The  Art  of  Ar+ficial  Intelligence”  

•  1969-­‐79:  Early  development  of  knowledge-­‐based  systems  

•  1980-­‐88:  Expert  systems  industry  booms  

•  1988-­‐93:  Expert  systems  industry  busts  •  “AI  Winter”  

Page 15: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

1988-­‐-­‐:  Sta+s+cal  Approaches  

•  1985-1990: Probability and Decision Theory win •  Pearl, Bayes Nets

•  1990-2000: Machine learning takes over subfields: Vision, Natural Language, etc.

•  Agents, uncertainty, and learning systems… •  “AI Spring”?

Page 16: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  Can  AI  Do?    Quiz:  Which  of  the  following  can  be  done  at  present?  

•  Play  a  decent  game  of  Soccer?  •  Play  a  winning  game  of  Chess?    Go?  Jeopardy?  •  Drive  safely  along  a  curving  mountain  road?      University  Way?  •  Buy  a  week's  worth  of  groceries  on  the  Web?      At  QFC?  •  Make  a  car?      Make  a  cake?    •  Discover  and  prove  a  new  mathema+cal  theorem?  •  Perform  a  complex  surgical  opera+on?  •  Translate  Chinese  into  English  in  real  +me?  

Page 17: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Robocup  

Page 18: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  Can  AI  Do?    Quiz:  Which  of  the  following  can  be  done  at  present?    ✓ Play  a  decent  game  of  Soccer?  • Play  a  winning  game  of  Chess?    Go?  Jeopardy?  • Drive  safely  along  a  curving  mountain  road?      University  Way?  • Buy  a  week's  worth  of  groceries  on  the  Web?      At  QFC?  • Make  a  car?      Make  a  cake?    • Discover  and  prove  a  new  mathema+cal  theorem?  • Perform  a  complex  surgical  opera+on?  • Translate  Chinese  into  English  in  real  +me?  

Page 19: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

State  of  the  Art  

Saying  Deep  Blue  doesn’t  really  think  about  chess  is  like  saying  an  airplane  doesn’t  really  fly  

because  it  doesn’t  flap  its  wings.    

 –  Drew  McDermo3  

“I  could  feel  –        I  could  smell  –  a  new  kind  of  intelligence  

across  the  table”  -Gary Kasparov

May 1997

Page 20: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Other  Games?  

20

Page 21: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  Can  AI  Do?    Quiz:  Which  of  the  following  can  be  done  at  present?  

✓ Play  a  decent  game  of  Soccer?  ✓ Play  a  winning  game  of  Chess?    Go?  Jeopardy?  • Drive  safely  along  a  curving  mountain  road?      University  Way?  • Buy  a  week's  worth  of  groceries  on  the  Web?      At  QFC?  • Make  a  car?      Make  a  cake?    • Discover  and  prove  a  new  mathema+cal  theorem?  • Perform  a  complex  surgical  opera+on?  • Translate  Chinese  into  English  in  real  +me?  

Page 22: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Google  Car  

Page 23: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  Can  AI  Do?    Quiz:  Which  of  the  following  can  be  done  at  present?  

✓ Play  a  decent  game  of  Soccer?  ✓ Play  a  winning  game  of  Chess?    Go?  Jeopardy?  ✓ Drive  safely  along  a  curving  mountain  road?      University  Way?  • Buy  a  week's  worth  of  groceries  on  the  Web?  • Buy  a  week’s  worth  of  groceries  at  QFC?  • Make  a  car?      Make  a  cake?    • Discover  and  prove  a  new  mathema+cal  theorem?  • Perform  a  complex  surgical  opera+on?  • Translate  Chinese  into  English  in  real  +me?  

Page 24: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  Can  AI  Do?    Quiz:  Which  of  the  following  can  be  done  at  present?  

✓ Play  a  decent  game  of  Soccer?  ✓ Play  a  winning  game  of  Chess?    Go?  Jeopardy?  ✓ Drive  safely  along  a  curving  mountain  road?      University  Way?  • Buy  a  week's  worth  of  groceries  on  the  Web?  • Buy  a  week’s  worth  of  groceries  at  QFC?  • Make  a  car?  Make  a  cake?    • Discover  and  prove  a  new  mathema+cal  theorem?  • Perform  a  complex  surgical  opera+on?  • Translate  Chinese  into  English  in  real  +me?  

✓ ✗

Page 25: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$
Page 26: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  Can  AI  Do?    Quiz:  Which  of  the  following  can  be  done  at  present?  

✓ Play  a  decent  game  of  Soccer?  ✓ Play  a  winning  game  of  Chess?    Go?  Jeopardy?  ✓ Drive  safely  along  a  curving  mountain  road?      University  Way?  • Buy  a  week's  worth  of  groceries  on  the  Web?  • Buy  a  week’s  worth  of  groceries  at  QFC?  • Make  a  car?  Make  a  cake?    • Discover  and  prove  a  new  mathema+cal  theorem?  • Perform  a  complex  surgical  opera+on?  • Translate  Chinese  into  English  in  real  +me?  

✓ ✗ ✓

Page 27: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Mathema+cal  Calcula+on  

Page 28: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

What  Can  AI  Do?    Quiz:  Which  of  the  following  can  be  done  at  present?  

✓ Play  a  decent  game  of  Soccer?  ✓ Play  a  winning  game  of  Chess?    Go?  Jeopardy?  ✓ Drive  safely  along  a  curving  mountain  road?      University  Way?  • Buy  a  week's  worth  of  groceries  on  the  Web?  • Buy  a  week’s  worth  of  groceries  at  QFC?  • Make  a  car?  Make  a  cake?    • Discover  and  prove  a  new  mathema+cal  theorem?  • Perform  a  complex  surgical  opera+on?  • Translate  Chinese  into  English  in  real  +me?  

✓ ✗ ✓ ✓

✓ ✗

Page 29: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Different  Research  Areas  in  AI  

•  Natural Language Processing •  Computer Vision •  Robotics •  Logic •  Decision Making •  Game Playing

Page 30: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Natural  Language  Processing  

•  Speech Technologies (e.g., Siri): •  Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) •  Text-to-speech synthesis •  Dialog Systems

•  Language Technologies: •  Question answering •  Machine translation •  Text classification; spam filtering; etc

Natural#Language#

!  Speech#technologies#(e.g.#Siri)#!  Automa)c#speech#recogni)on#(ASR)#!  TextBtoBspeech#synthesis#(TTS)#!  Dialog#systems#

!  Language#processing#technologies#!  Ques)on#answering#!  Machine#transla)on#

##

!  Web#search#!  Text#classifica)on,#spam#filtering,#etc…#

Natural#Language#

!  Speech#technologies#(e.g.#Siri)#!  Automa)c#speech#recogni)on#(ASR)#!  TextBtoBspeech#synthesis#(TTS)#!  Dialog#systems#

!  Language#processing#technologies#!  Ques)on#answering#!  Machine#transla)on#

##

!  Web#search#!  Text#classifica)on,#spam#filtering,#etc…#

Natural#Language#

!  Speech#technologies#(e.g.#Siri)#!  Automa)c#speech#recogni)on#(ASR)#!  TextBtoBspeech#synthesis#(TTS)#!  Dialog#systems#

!  Language#processing#technologies#!  Ques)on#answering#!  Machine#transla)on#

##

!  Web#search#!  Text#classifica)on,#spam#filtering,#etc…#

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Vision  

•  Object Recognition •  Scene Classification •  Image Segmentation •  Human Activity Recognition

Page 33: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$
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Object Recognition

Scene ���Segmentation

Page 35: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

Google Goggles

Smile Detection Leaf Snap

Page 36: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$
Page 37: CSE473:$$ Ar+ficial$Intelligence$ - University of Washington · WhatCan$AIDo?$ $Quiz:$Which$of$the$following$can$be$done$atpresent?$ Play$adecentgame$of$Soccer?$ Play$awinning$game$of$Chess?$$Go?$Jeopardy?$

To  Do:  

•  Look  at  the  course  website:  h;p://www.cs.washington.edu/cse473/14sp/  

•  Do  the  python  tutorial  


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