ethnographyina virtual+world · guidingquestions •...
TRANSCRIPT
Ethnography in a Virtual World Sandra Wilson Cyber Heritage Fall Semester
Guiding Questions • What can ethnography tell us about the virtual world (VW)? • What is the goal of the virtual anthropologist? • How is research conducted in a VW?
Some Backstory • Author of Coming of Age in Second Life is Tom Boellstorff • Wanted to use ethnography to study Second Life. • Avatar Tom Bukowski
• Set rules for his research • No aHempt to visit real life Linden Lab offices/ meet staff • No aHempt to meet Second Life residents in real life • Did not quesMon true idenMMes of players
• Used thousands of chatlogs as records
Problems with In-‐Game Research • Do not know how people act outside of VW • Do they act the same in the VW?
• Some real world acMons influence virtual world acMons and vice versa • Do virtual world behaviors affect real life behaviors?
What goes into a VW? • Many aspects of the real world • Sun • Gravity • Language
• But not exact replicas of real life • “Virtual worlds are not just recreaMons or simulaMons of actual-‐world and communiMes. SelVood, community, even noMons of human nature are being remade in them.”
• Study the way these objects or ideas are manifested in VW’s.
The Goal of the Virtual Anthropologist • “The goal of Coming of Age in Second Life is to demonstrate the existence of a relaMvely enduring cultural logic shared in some way by those who parMcipate in Second Life, though their stances toward this cultural logic differ” (64). • Find overarching cultural norms among the cultures and subcultures of a VW • Found by examining social interacMons • Might be difficult to idenMfy (taken-‐for-‐granted by residents)
Anthropology and Ethnography
Key DeGinitions • Ethnography • Method used by anthropologists to study culture
• Culture • “That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabiliMes and habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Edward B. Tylor).
Conducting Research on VW’s • TradiMonally… • Done by ficMon writers or bloggers exploring cybersociality • Conducted by scholars of science, psychology, etc. (NOT anthropologists)
• ElicitaMon method used • Valid means of research because “rules” in a VW are inherent, but not necessarily explicitly stated
• Implied that residents of VW’s know these rules • However, they may not be able to arMculate them • EX: Language. Impossible VS Inconsiderate
• Goal of ethnographer: Listen and analyze; generate more data than expected at Mme of collecMon; draw conclusions from the data
Detached Objectivity • Detached objecMvity is an illusion • A researcher who is part of the environment being studied cannot truly detach himself from his studies
• Not necessarily a bad thing • May allow researcher to get a more accurate POV
Interviews, Focus Groups, and Beyond the Platform
Interviews • May be highly effecMve • “Culture can be implicit and even subconscious, but much of it is part of everyday awareness; members of a culture can someMmes be its most eloquent interpreters” (76).
Focus Groups • Allow people to share stories and collecMvely discuss ideas • May be difficult to use as a research method due to the sheer number of people and, thus, ideas being considered.
Thank You