ethnographyina virtual+world · guidingquestions •...

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Ethnography in a Virtual World Sandra Wilson Cyber Heritage Fall Semester

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Page 1: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

Ethnography  in  a  Virtual  World  Sandra  Wilson  Cyber  Heritage  Fall  Semester  

Page 2: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

Guiding  Questions  •  What  can  ethnography  tell  us  about  the  virtual  world  (VW)?  •  What  is  the  goal  of  the  virtual  anthropologist?  •  How  is  research  conducted  in  a  VW?  

Page 3: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

Some  Backstory  •  Author  of  Coming  of  Age  in  Second  Life  is  Tom  Boellstorff  •  Wanted  to  use  ethnography  to  study  Second  Life.  •  Avatar  Tom  Bukowski  

•  Set  rules  for  his  research  •  No  aHempt  to  visit  real  life  Linden  Lab  offices/  meet  staff  •  No  aHempt  to  meet  Second  Life  residents  in  real  life  •  Did  not  quesMon  true  idenMMes  of  players  

•  Used  thousands  of  chatlogs  as  records  

Page 4: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

Problems  with  In-­‐Game  Research  •  Do  not  know  how  people  act  outside  of  VW  •  Do  they  act  the  same  in  the  VW?  

•  Some  real  world  acMons  influence  virtual  world  acMons  and  vice  versa  •  Do  virtual  world  behaviors  affect  real  life  behaviors?  

Page 5: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

What  goes  into  a  VW?  •  Many  aspects  of  the  real  world  •  Sun  •  Gravity  •  Language  

•  But  not  exact  replicas  of  real  life  •  “Virtual  worlds  are  not  just  recreaMons  or  simulaMons  of  actual-­‐world  and  communiMes.  SelVood,  community,  even  noMons  of  human  nature  are  being  remade  in  them.”  

•  Study  the  way  these  objects  or  ideas  are  manifested  in  VW’s.  

Page 6: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

The  Goal  of  the  Virtual  Anthropologist  •  “The  goal  of  Coming  of  Age  in  Second  Life  is  to  demonstrate  the  existence  of  a  relaMvely  enduring  cultural  logic  shared  in  some  way  by  those  who  parMcipate  in  Second  Life,  though  their  stances  toward  this  cultural  logic  differ”  (64).  •  Find  overarching  cultural  norms  among  the  cultures  and  subcultures  of  a  VW  •  Found  by  examining  social  interacMons  •  Might  be  difficult  to  idenMfy  (taken-­‐for-­‐granted  by  residents)  

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Anthropology  and  Ethnography  

Page 8: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

Key  DeGinitions  •  Ethnography  •  Method  used  by  anthropologists  to  study  culture  

•  Culture  •  “That  complex  whole  which  includes  knowledge,  belief,  art,  morals,  law,  custom,  and  any  other  capabiliMes  and  habits  acquired  by  man  as  a  member  of  society”  (Edward  B.  Tylor).  

Page 9: Ethnographyina Virtual+World · GuidingQuestions • Whatcan&ethnography&tell&us&aboutthe&virtual&world&(VW)?& • Whatis&the&goal&of&the&virtual&anthropologist?& • How&is&research&conducted&in&aVW?&

Conducting  Research  on  VW’s  •  TradiMonally…  •  Done  by  ficMon  writers  or  bloggers  exploring  cybersociality  •  Conducted  by  scholars  of  science,  psychology,  etc.  (NOT  anthropologists)  

•  ElicitaMon  method  used  •  Valid  means  of  research  because  “rules”  in  a  VW  are  inherent,  but  not  necessarily  explicitly  stated  

•  Implied  that  residents  of  VW’s  know  these  rules    •  However,  they  may  not  be  able  to  arMculate  them  •  EX:  Language.  Impossible  VS  Inconsiderate  

•  Goal  of  ethnographer:  Listen  and  analyze;  generate  more  data  than  expected  at  Mme  of  collecMon;  draw  conclusions  from  the  data  

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Detached  Objectivity  •  Detached  objecMvity  is  an  illusion  •  A  researcher  who  is  part  of  the  environment  being  studied  cannot  truly  detach  himself  from  his  studies  

•  Not  necessarily  a  bad  thing  •  May  allow  researcher  to  get  a  more  accurate  POV  

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Interviews,  Focus  Groups,  and  Beyond  the  Platform  

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Interviews  •  May  be  highly  effecMve  •  “Culture  can  be  implicit  and  even  subconscious,  but  much  of  it  is  part  of  everyday  awareness;  members  of  a  culture  can  someMmes  be  its  most  eloquent  interpreters”  (76).  

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Focus  Groups  •  Allow  people  to  share  stories  and  collecMvely  discuss  ideas  •  May  be  difficult  to  use  as  a  research  method  due  to  the  sheer  number  of  people  and,  thus,  ideas  being  considered.  

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Thank  You