csc1100 - chapter03 - input

Chapter 3Input

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Objectives

Define inputDefine input

Describe keyboardDescribe keyboard

Describe different mouse typesDescribe different mouse types

Explain how a video input worksExplain how a video input works

Discuss various scanners and reading devices and how they work

Discuss various scanners and reading devices and how they work

Explain the types of terminalsExplain the types of terminals

Summarize how various pointing devices work

Summarize how various pointing devices work

Explain how voice recognition and audio input works

Explain how voice recognition and audio input works

Describe various input devicesfor mobile devices

Describe various input devicesfor mobile devices

Explain the types of terminalsExplain the types of terminals

Summarize the various biometric devices

Summarize the various biometric devices

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Learning Outcome

Successful students will be able to:

Describe the characteristics of computer hardware devices and explain their functionalities.

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What Is Input?

What is input?

� Input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions

� Data or instructions entered into memory of computer

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What Is Input?

What are the two types of input?

�Unprocessed text, numbers, images, audio, and video

� Instructions�Programs– series of instructions,

� Data

�Programs– series of instructions, stored in a file – user can execute/run

�Commands– issued by through k/b typing, mouse clicking, screen touching, speaking into microphone..

�User responses– reply to questions displayed by program

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The Keyboard

How is the keyboard divided?� Typing area� Numeric keypad� Function keys, special

keys that issue commandscommands

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The Keyboard

What is the insertion point?� Blinking vertical bar that indicates where next

character you type will display� Pointer changes

location and shape as you move mouse as you move mouse or other pointing device

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The Keyboard

What are other types of keyboards?

� Notebook and many handheld computers have built-in keyboards

� Cordless keyboards communicate with a receiver attached to a port on the system unit

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The Keyboard

What is a cordless keyboard?� Communicate with a

receiver attached to a port on the system unit

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Pointing Devices

What is a mouse?� Pointing device that fits under palm of hand

� Pointing devicecontrols movement of pointer, also called mouse pointer

� Mechanical mouse

mouse buttonswheel button

� Mechanical mouse has rubber or metal ball on underside

mouse pad

ball

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Pointing Devices

What is an optical mouse?

� No moving mechanical parts inside

� Senses light to detect mouse’s movement

� More precise than � More precise than mechanical mouse

� Connects using a cable, or wireless

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Right-Right-Triple-Triple-Double-Double-

Pointing Devices

What are common mouse operations?

PointPoint

ClickClick

TiltwheelTilt

wheel

Presswheelbutton

Presswheelbutton

Free-spin

wheel

Free-spin

wheel

Right-drag

Right-drag

Right-click

Right-click

Triple-click

Triple-click

Double-click

Double-click

ClickClick

DragDrag

Rotate wheelRotate wheel

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Other Pointing Devices

What is a trackball?� Stationary pointing device

with a ball on its top or side� To move pointer, rotate ball

with thumb, fingers, or palm of handof hand

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Optical Mouse

sensor on the bottom of the mouse.

Apple has transformed its optical mouse into a modern work of art.

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Optical Mouse

Optical mice have several benefits over track-ball mice:

� No moving parts means less wear and a lower chance of failure.

� There's no way for dirt to get inside the mouse and interfere with the tracking sensors.

� Increased tracking resolution means a smoother � Increased tracking resolution means a smoother response.

� They don't require a special surface, such as a mouse pad.

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What are a touchpad and apointing stick?

� Touchpad is small, flat, rectangular pointing device sensitive to pressure and motionPointing stick is pointing device � Pointing stick is pointing device shaped like pencil eraser positioned between keys on keyboard

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Controllers for Gaming

What are the types of game controllers?� Gamepad� Joystick� Wheel� Light gun� Dance pad� Dance pad� Motion-sensing

game controller

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Controllers for Gaming

What are a joystick and a wheel?� Joystick is vertical

lever mounted on a base

� Wheel is steering-wheel-type steering-wheel-type input device� Pedal simulates

car brakes and accelerator

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The Nintendo Power Glove usedin virtual reality gaming

A data A data suit to

provide user

input

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What is a light pen?� Handheld input device

that can detect light� Press light pen against

screen surface and then press button on penpress button on pen

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What is a touch screen?� Touch areas of screen with

finger� Often used with kiosks

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Keyboard and Pointing Devices

What is a stylus and a digital pen?

PDAs & smart phones uae a stylus

Tablet PCs use a pressure-sensitive

digital pen

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Stylus: � Looks like a ballpoint pen, but uses pressure to write

text and draw lines

Digital pen: � Slightly larger than a stylus� Slightly larger than a stylus� Used withgraphics tablets, flat electronic boards� Available in two forms: pressure sensitive & tiny

built-in digital camera

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Controllers for Media Players

What is a touch-sensitive pad?� Input device on a portable

media player that enables users to scroll through and play music, view pictures, watch videos or pictures, watch videos or movies, adjust volume, and customize settings� Click Wheel

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What is a cursor ?�Looks similar to a mouse

�Has a window with cross hairs

–So the user can see through to the tablet.

What is a digitizer ?What is a digitizer ?� Large scale applications

sometimes refer to the graphics tablet as a digitizer.

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Digitizer

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Wacom Technology Wacom Intuos3 Lens Cursor Pointing Device

Cursor

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Voice Input

How does voice recognition work?Step 2. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates sound waves into digital measurements computer can process. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and phonemes. Phonemes are sound units such as aw and guh.

10010111010110101100001101

Step 1. A user dictates text into a microphone.

Step 3. Software compares spoken measurements with those in its database to find a match or list of possible matches.

Matches

Step 4. To narrow a list down, software presents user with a list of choices or uses a natural language component to predict most likely match. User may correct any selection made by software.

Natural Language Engine

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Voice Input

What is a MIDI (musical instrument digital interface)?

� External device, such as electronic piano keyboard, to input music and sound effects

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PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Smart Phones

How is a data entered into a PDA?

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What is a portable keyboard and a docking station?

� A portable keyboard is a full-sized keyboard you conveniently attach to and remove from PDAremove from PDA

� A docking stationis an external device that holds a mobile computer

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What is a smart phone?� Users can input and send

text messages, graphics, pictures, video clips, and sound files

� Many have a built-in or � Many have a built-in or attachable camera

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What is a Tablet PC?� Mobile computer that

includes handwriting recognition software

� Primary input device is a pressure-sensitive digital pressure-sensitive digital pen

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Digital Cameras

What is a digital camera?� Allows you to take

digital pictures� Images viewable

immediately on cameracamera� Download to

computer

� Post pictures to Web

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Digital Cameras

How does a digital camera work?Step 1. Point to the image to photograph and take picture. Light passes into the lens of the camera.

Step 2. Image is focused on a chip called a charge-coupled device (CCD).

Step 3. CCD generates an analog signal that represents the image.

Step 4. Analog signal is converted to digital signal by analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

Step 5. Digital signal processor (DSP) adjusts quality of image and (DSP) adjusts quality of image and usually stores digital image on miniature mobile storage media in the camera.

Step 6. Images are transferred to a computer’s hard disk by plugging one end of the cable into a camera and the other end into a computer; or images are copied to hard disk from storage media used in the camera.

Step 7. Using software supplied with the camera, images are viewed on screen, incorporated into documents, edited, and printed.

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Digital Cameras

What is resolution? � Sharpness and clarity of image� The higher the resolution, the better the image

quality, but the more expensive the camera� Pixel (picture element)

is single point in is single point in electronic image� Greater the number of

pixels, the better the image quality

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PIXELS

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PIXELS

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PIXELS

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PIXELS

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PIXELS

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PIXELS

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Video Input

What is video input?

� Process of entering full-motion images into computer

� Video capture card is adapter card that converts analog video signal into analog video signal into digital signal that computer can use

� Digital video (DV) camerarecords video as digital signals

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Video Input

What are a PC video camera and a Web cam?� PC video camerac—DV camera used to capture video

and still images, and to make video telephone calls on Internet� Also called PC camera

� Web cam—video camera � Web camc—c video camera whose output displays on a Web page

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Video Input

What is video conferencing?

� Whiteboard is another window on

� Two or more geographically separated people who use network or Internet to transmit audio and video data

another window on screen that can display notes and drawings simultaneously on all participants’ screens

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Scanners and Reading Devices

What is a scanner?� Light-sensing device that

reads printed text and graphics� Used for image processing,

converting paper documents

Pen or Handheld

Flatbed

converting paper documents into electronic images

Drum

Sheet-fed

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How does a flatbed scanner work?

Step 1:Place the document to be scanned face down on the glass window. Using buttons on the scanner or the scanner program, start the scanning process.

Step 2:The scanner converts the document content to digital information, which is transmitted through the cable to thememory of the computer.

Step 3: Once in the memory of the computer, users can display the image, print it, e-mail it, include it in a document, or place it on a Web page.

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What is an optical reader?

� Optical character recognition (OCR)reads characters in OCR font: OCR-A

� Device that uses light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data

OCR font: OCR-A� Optical mark recognition (OMR)

reads hand-drawn pencil marks, such as small circles

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Optical character recognition (OCR)� OCR device determines the shapes of characters by

detecting patterns of light & dark

� OCR software then compares these shapeswith predefined shapes stored in memory & converts the shapesinto characters the computer can processshapesinto characters the computer can process

Optical mark recognition (OMR)� OMR device first scans the answer key sheet to

record correct answers based on patterns of light.

� Then it scans the remaining documents and matches their patterns of light against the answer key sheet.

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What is a turnaround document?� Document that you

return to the company that sent it� Portion you return has

information printed in information printed in OCR characters

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What is a bar code reader?� Uses laser beams to read bar codes

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What is a bar code?� Identification code that consists of a set of vertical

lines and spaces of different widths� Universal Product Code(UPC) bar code – used by

retail & grocery stores� The United States Postal Service (USPS) uses a � The United States Postal Service (USPS) uses a

POSTNET bar code

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Other Input Devices

What is an RFID (Radio frequency identification) reader?

RFID tag:

• Size: grain of sand – luggage tag

• Contain a memory chip and an antenna in many shapes

• Sometimes embedded in glass, labels or cards

RFID reader

• Reads info on the tag via radio waves

• Can be handheld devices or mounted in a stationary object such as doorway

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RFID

Does not require direct contact or line-of-site transmission –each product has a tag that identifies the product.

Can easily calculate the amount due, eliminating the need for checking out each item.

Other uses:

�track times for runners in a marathon, �track times for runners in a marathon,

�track location of soldiers,

�airline baggage,

�gauge pressure & temperature of tires on a vehicle,

�checking out library books,

�track payment as vehicles pass through booths on tollway systems.

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Other Input Devices

What is a magnetic stripe card reader (magstripe reader)?

� Reads the magnetic stripe on the back of a credit card

� Exposure to a magnetic field can erase the contents of a card’s magnetic stripeof a card’s magnetic stripe

� Stripe divided into three horizontal tracks, contains info

� In many cases, magstripe reader is part of a point-of-sale terminals

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What is a magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) reader?


� Can read text printed with magnetized ink� Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR

for check processing

Bank routing num acc num check num

check amount

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What is a data collection device?� Obtains data directly at location where transaction

or event takes place: restaurant, factory, warehouse,… where heat, humidity & cleanliness are not easy to control

� Use PDA, handheld computers, � Use PDA, handheld computers, bar code reader, or other mobile devices to collect data wirelessly

� Transmits data over network or Internet - send data wirelessly to central office computers

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Terminals

What is a terminal?� Consists of a keyboard, a monitor, a video card,

and memory.� Housed in a single unit

� Three categories:� Dumb terminals� Dumb terminals

� Has no processing power (host – server/mainframe)� Get input, display output

� Smart terminals� Has a processor� Able to perform certain functions independentfrom host

computer (server)� Special purpose terminals

� Contain features uniquely designed to be use in a particular industry

� POS terminals & automated teller machines

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Terminals

What is a smart display?

� Battery powered LCD monitor with a touch screen� 2 roles:

� LCD monitor while attached to system unit� Smart terminal while remotely connected to

system unitsystem unit� Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

- A local area network that uses high frequency radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet;

� It was a Microsoft initiative to use a portable touch screen LCD monitor as a smart terminal for PCs, connecting via Wi-Fi

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Terminals

What is a point of sale (POS) terminal?

� Records purchases, processes credit or debit cards, and updates inventory� Swipe credit or debit card through card reader

� Reads customer’s personal data from magnetic strip� In a grocery store, POS terminal is a combination of an � In a grocery store, POS terminal is a combination of an

electronic cash register, bar code reader & printer

� Some POS terminals are Web-enabled, allows updates to inventory at geographically separate locations

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Terminals

What is an automated teller machine (ATM)?� Self-service banking

machine that connects to a host computer through a network

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Biometric Input

What is biometrics?� Authenticates person’s identity

by verifying personal characteristic� Fingerprint scanner captures

curves and indentations of curves and indentations of fingerprint

� Hand geometry system measures shape and size of person’s hand

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Biometric Input

What are examples of biometric technology?

� Voice verification system compares live speech with stored voice pattern

� Signature verification system recognizes shape of signatureshape of signature

� Iris recognition system reads patterns in blood vessels in back of eye� Biometric data is sometimes stored

on smart card, which stores personal data on microprocessor embedded in card

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� Enhanced keyboard or ergonomic keyboard

� Mouse

Putting It All Together

What are recommended input devices for home users?

� Mouse

� Stylus for PDA or smart phone

� Game controller(s)

� 30-bit 600 x 1200 ppi color scanner

� 3-megapixel digital camera

� Headphones that include a microphone

� PC video camera

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� Mouse


What are recommended input devices for small office/home office users (SOHO)?

� Mouse

� Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart phone, or digital pen for Tablet PC


� 4-megapixel digital camera


� PC video camera

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� Wireless mouse for notebook computer

� Touchpad or pointing stick on notebook computer


What are recommended input devices for mobile users?

computer


� 3- or 4-megapixel digital camera


� Fingerprint scanner for notebook computer

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� Mouse

� Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA


What are recommended input devices for power users?

� Stylus and portable keyboard for PDA or smart phone

� Pen for graphics tablet


� 6- to 12-megapixel digital camera


� PC video camera

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� Mouse


� Touch screen


What are recommended input devices for large business users?

� Touch screen

� Light pen


� OCR/OMR readers, bar code readers, MICR reader, or data collection devices

� Microphone

� Video camera for video conferences

� Fingerprint scanner or other biometric device

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Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users

What input devices are available for those with physical limitations?

� Keyguard allows users to rest hands on keyboard without accidentally pressing keysaccidentally pressing keys

� Head-mounted pointercontrols pointer on screen

� New developments includegesture recognition and computerized implant devices

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Summary of Input

Keyboard, mouse, and otherpointing devices; controllers for gaming

and media players

Keyboard, mouse, and otherpointing devices; controllers for gaming

and media players

Voice inputVoice input

Input devices for PDAs, smart phones, Input devices for PDAs, smart phones,

Scanners and reading devicesScanners and reading devices

TerminalsTerminalsInput devices for PDAs, smart phones,

and Tablet PCsInput devices for PDAs, smart phones,

and Tablet PCs

Digital camerasDigital cameras

Video InputVideo Input

Biometric inputBiometric input

Input devices for physicallychallenged users

Input devices for physicallychallenged users

Chapter 3 Complete