CS1101 – PATROLLING FUNDAMENTALS

Reference: MCWP 3-11.2 Marine Rifle Squad, 8-18 through 8-20; MCWP 3-11.3 Scouting and Patrolling 4-3 through 4-5 and 11-1.

Location of the test: Location of test is with the testing and evaluation section.

Purpose. The purpose of this event is to provide the student with an understanding of the types, organization, and missions of patrols, how to properly prepare for a patrol, proper execution of a patrol, and proper reporting procedures during a patrol.

Terminal Learning Objectives (1) Given a situation and formats, while wearing a fighting load, submit a message using NATO report format, by reporting any activity in the assigned area. (0300-COMM-1006)

(2) Given a patrol order, assigned weapon, a route guide, and an assignment in a patrol, while wearing a fighting load, perform individual actions in passage of lines, without detonating any early warning devices. (0300-PAT-1007)

(3) Given a patrol order, assigned weapon, and an assignment in a patrol, while wearing a fighting load, perform individual actions in a patrol, without compromising the integrity of the patrol. (0300-PAT-1008)

Enabling Learning Objectives

There are none.

Safety

1. The Primary Instructor ensures that the Operational Risk Assessment and Casualty Evacuation Plan have been briefed to the company personnel before the class and to the students during the overview of the class.

2. The associated ORAW and CASEVAC Matrix will be applied throughout training.

3. Ensure compliance with Base, School, and Battalion SOP at all times.

4. Ensure compliance with Chapter 2 of the Smartpack and Master Lesson Files.

Scheme of Maneuver

Lecture. (2.5 hrs) Two CIs will assist the PI to ensure that the students remain engaged throughout the lesson.

Demonstration. (.5 hrs) Practical Application (4.0 hrs)

a. Primary Instructor will review the training schedule, administrative requirements, lesson plan, media (to include actual objects, turn charts, computer generated media and handout), instructor preparation guide, examination checklist and ORAW contained in the MLF prior to conducting lesson. Combat Instructors will review ORAW for lesson, checklists for lesson

and SOPs prior to lesson. Primary Instructor will conduct short meeting with Combat Instructors prior to any Demonstrations, Practical Application, Performance Examinations, or Field Exercise and briefs the conduct of events.

b. The primary instructor should personalize the lesson plan by adding subject matter detail, relating personal experiences, providing examples, questions, and/or interactive techniques. Combat Instructors should personalize practical application by adding real world relevance.

Practical Application

The preparations, initial inspection and final inspections for the security patrol, are conducted in the Alpha 1 training area in the designated patrol base.

Students will be issued 35 blank M16 rounds for this evolution (at BSRE only).

All patrols will exit/enter patrol base through two common entry control points at 15 min intervals.

Combat instructors will brief their squad on their warning order, five-paragraph order over a terrain model, conduct rehearsals/I.A. drills, pre-pair individuals and gear for security patrol, and conduct inspections.

Prior to exiting friendly line conduct test fire of weapons (BSRE only). Then they will conduct a security patrol from their patrol base. Combat

instructor will act as the route guide to lead the patrol through friendly lines ensuring the patrol does not detonate any early warning devices.

The patrol routes for PA are conducted on improved or unimproves surfaces so the students are more visible and CIs can make corrections to students during PA.

Patrols will be conducted around the entirety of the cantonment area. PIs are encouraged to have CIs have different starting points and travel

in different directions within the cantonment area to give each squad distance to conduct PA.

The PA patrol routes do not have checkpoints. Once they return from the security patrol they will conduct a debrief

utilizing the debrief format provided in the smart pack. Debrief is conducted over the terrain model at the assembley area. The Primary instructor will provide a binder containing a warning order,

patrol order, map of cantonment area, and performance checklist for rehearsals to CI’s prior to the start of PA.

For initial inspection the students will have their equipment, camouflage, and knowledge of the mission statement from the warning order checked.

For final inspection the students will have all the discrepancies corrected from the initial inspection.

CIs will utilize the PE checklists 1-3 to conduct the Patrolling Fundamentals/Security Patrol to ensure students perform all required tasks.

Practical Exam

Patrols will roll into PE once all PA time and requirements have been meet. Students will be issued 35 blank M16 rounds for the evolution. All patrols will be given a predetermined check point to hit at 30 min

intervals to where the patrol will be aggressed by IG personnel.

CIs will evaluate all Students in accordance with PE check list. Conducted at BSRE

SITUATION

Enemy: Small bands of insurgents have been operating in the Dunham School Campus. They have the ability to blend in with the surrounding populace and often rely on aid from their supporters. They wear civilian attire to blend in with the local populace and are armed with Soviet Bloc small arms and Improvised Explosive Device (IED). Insurgents will not engage in decisive combat. Their most likely course of action will be the placement of IEDs in highly populated areas and trail routes.

Friendly: Other Squads from ____Co. will be conducting patrol in the same area.

Attachments/Detachments: None.

MISSION On order, ________ Squad ___PLT will conduct a security patrol in the vicinity of Dunham School Campus. Time has priority. (Repeat)

EXECUTION

Commander's Intent: Prevent insurgent forces from interfering with coalition forces.

ADMINISTRATION/LOGISTICS

Administration: The only identification to be worn by any patrol members is dog tags and Armed Forces ID card.

Logistics: One MRE in your day pack and one full Camel Back before departure. APL will ensure the patrol has one battery for the radio and one spare battery. I will establish a Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC) site in the event that we must evacuate wounded personnel.

COMMAND/SIGNAL

Signal. All primary communications will be by the Patrol Leader. All communications within the patrol will be by hand and arm signal.ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?

3. Performance Examination (BSRE): (6.00 hrs) All students will complete all practical application prior to conducting PE. Students will receive (35) rounds of A080 5.56mm BLANK for contact with the enemy during the Patrolling PE (One round will be used for test fire in the preparation phase). The PI will pass out the Patrol Routes to each of the Squad Leaders.

The timeline for the conduct of the Performance Examination should be as close to the following as possible: Warning Order and Gear Preparation (.50 hour), Patrol Order (0.25 hour), Rehearsals (.50 hour), Final Inspection (0.25 hour), Security Patrol on Route(2.0 hours), and Debrief (0.25 hour).

To achieve mastery, the students must perform each of the performance steps correctly for all four PE Checklists (0300-PAT-1007), (0300-PAT-1008), (0300-PAT-1004), and (0300-COMM-1006). If the student fails to achieve mastery,

they will be sent to the SCI and PI for remediation. Ensure to include all required information to include how many times remediated.

Warning order/Gear preparation – The PI will provide Platoon Commanders with Warning Order (WO) shells that the Combat Instructor Patrol Leaders will complete before starting the Patrol PE. The Patrol Leader will brief the WO in the first 30 minutes of the Patrol PE and require all patrol members to initial receipt of the WO. Patrol Leader (CI) will instruct students that as WO is being briefed they are to identify the (4) parts of a warning order and write them in their notebooks which be checked by patrol leader at the end of the brief. Platoon Commanders will verify that all squads have received their Warning Orders in a timely manner. Once the Warning Order has been issued, the squad will then begin preparing for their patrol in accordance with Step 2 of the (0300-PAT-1004) PE Checklist to include the following steps:

Drawing water, ammunition, and any additional gear listed in the Warning Order

Checking weapons and equipment for cleanliness and readiness Silencing gear Camouflaging self and equipment Reviewing the patrol’s mission Hydrating, eating chow, and head calls

Initial Inspection - While the CI observes, the student Assistant Patrol Leader will conduct an initial inspection of the Marines in the squad, paying special attention to the proper wear and silencing of gear, filled canteens, camouflage, and knowledge of the mission statement in accordance with Step 5 of the (0300-PAT-1004) PE Checklist.

Patrol Order – The Patrol Leader will then provide the PI with the patrol’s timeline from issuing the order to completing the debrief and will receive any updates on friendly/enemy situation from the PI. The patrol will then move to the terrain model, where the CI will issue the 5-paragraph order to the squad. The CI will instruct the students to have note-taking materials out and identify what the five-paragraph order is in accordance with the (0300-PAT-1004) PE Checklist. Once the Patrol order has been given the CI will check each student. See the end of this chapter Squad Patrol Order.

Rehearsals – The Patrol Leader will conduct detailed rehearsals with the squad in designated area, paying particular attention to: crossing danger areas, movement on urban terrain, and immediate action drills in accordance with Steps 3 and 6 of the (0300-PAT-1004) PE Checklist.

Inspections – The Patrol Leader will conduct a detailed final inspection of the squad, evaluating each student in accordance with Step 5 of the (0300-PAT-1004) PE Checklist.

Final Preparations – The Patrol Leader will supervise the correction of any deficiencies identified during the final inspection and conduct additional rehearsals as time allows. The Patrol Leader will evaluate each student of patrol prior to stepping by having them state the purpose/definition of a patrol, state the types of patrols, state the organization of a patrol, and state elements of crossing a danger area in accordance with CS1103PE Checklist. The Patrol Leader will coordinate with the COC and the patrol will execute a weapons test fire.

Exit Friendly Lines – Once final preparations are complete, the Patrol Leader will coordinate with the PI to request permission to exit friendly lines. Once granted, the patrols will go outside the “camp” to the assembly area, avoiding observation from outside the camp in accordance with Step 2 of the (0300-PAT-1008) PE Checklist.

Reporting information – There will be at least 3 items of interest on each patrol route. The CI will ensure students are looking for intelligence items of interest and properly reporting this information back to the SCI/PI in accordance with Steps 1-3 of the (0300-COMM-1006) PE Checklist. Patrols must also report these items during debrief.

Identify control measures for patrolling/ identify the characteristics for halts- CIs will evaluate each student to ensure they are able to identify control measures by passing on rally points and check points on to other students of their squad. CI will also evaluate student to ensure they are able to identify the characteristics halts any time the squad does a halt. These performance evaluations are in accordance with Step 3 of the (0300-PAT-1008) PE Checklist.

Immediate action drills – The CIs will evaluate each student as he performs individual actions during immediate action drills in accordance with Steps 1-4 of the (0300-PAT-1007) PE Checklist, Steps 2-5 of the (0300-PAT-1008) PE Checklist.

Enter friendly lines – As the patrol approaches the reentry rally point, the Patrol Leader will halt the squad. CIs will evaluate students in accordance with Step 6 of the (0300-PAT-1008) PE Checklist.

Debrief – The Patrol Leader will ensure accountability of his Marines and gear and return to the SCI/PI location to conduct a debrief with the squad. The first part of the debrief will consist of updating the SCI/PI on any information they gathered during the patrol and the second part of the debrief will consist of the CI leading the squad in a guided discussion on the learning points from conducting the patrol in accordance with the After Action Review contained in this chapter of the Smartpack.

After Action Review

1. What types of self-discipline are required of patrol members?- Noise and movement discipline are critical during the day; noise, light,

and movement discipline are required during the night. - Walking quietly in wooded terrain is very difficult and takes great

attention to detail, especially when you consider all the other responsibilities (manning your sector of fire, watching for booby traps and enemy presence, etc.).

- Think of how easy it is to spot a fidgety Marine while a unit is standing at attention. When a patrol member gives the signal to “freeze” or the patrol is in the prone when there are possible enemy troops in the area, the undisciplined Marine that moves may compromise the entire patrol. This sometimes means being uncomfortable (bugs biting you, sore/stiff muscles, etc.), but uncomfortable is better than dead.

2. How did combat formations aid in mission accomplishment?

- The column is easy to control (with small numbers of Marines) and allows the unit to move more quickly than other formations, but it is vulnerable to attack from the front and rear.

- The wedge is easy to control and provides all around firepower and security, but it is difficult to maintain in the thickly vegetated areas along the patrol routes.

- Skirmishers right/left is one possible way to cross a linear danger area if the patrol needs to cross quickly. However, it is difficult to maintain alignment and should not be used for long periods in wooded areas.

- Echelon right/left is a good way to provide firepower and security to a flank, but can be difficult to control.

3. How important was it to communicate with hand and arm signals?- Using hand and arm signals helps the patrol maintain noise discipline, but may jeopardize movement discipline if done improperly.

- It can be difficult to see hand and arm signals and if Marines are not disciplined to pass hand and arm signals throughout the patrol, problems are likely to occur as everyone does not have all the information, especially during periods of limited visibility.

4. How did the warning order, patrol order, terrain model, inspections, and rehearsals prepare the patrol?

- Patrolling is an extremely operation to conduct properly. Crossing danger areas, actions on the objective and the numerous possible contingencies that may arise during a patrol require extensive planning, inspections, and rehearsals to ensure mission success.

- The warning order gets the patrol oriented to the upcoming mission so they can begin drawing necessary equipment and rehearsing actions particular to their mission.

- The patrol order is a very detailed brief on exactly what the patrol and its patrol members are going to do through every phase of the patrol. It is vital that all members are present for the patrol order, that everyone takes notes during the order, and that Marines understand their individual responsibilities and their patrol members’ responsibilities.

- The terrain model is a useful tool to help the patrol members understand the area in which they will be operating (e.g., the pace man sees that she will be walking through a swamp between checkpoint 3 and checkpoint 17 and then onto high ground to checkpoint 5).

- Inspections allow the patrol leader to ensure that his/her Marines are properly equipped and have the proper knowledge before conducting the patrol. Inspections should not be taken lightly; discrepancies should be immediately addressed.

- Rehearsals are vital to the success of the patrol. These should focus on the particularly difficult aspects of the patrol (e.g., crossing a danger area, moving through a built-up area, immediate action drills based on the enemy threat). The rehearsals should be as similar as possible to the actions conducted during the patrol to build muscle memory – that’s why we rehearse movement through Combat Town by practicing in the green sea huts. A patrol cannot do too many rehearsals.

5. How difficult is it to look for items of intelligence value?- There are so many aspects to patrolling (covering your sector of fire, checking for and passing on hand and arm signals, etc.) that it can be difficult to be on the lookout for items of intelligence value. This is particularly the case when the security patrol is looking for Improvised Explosive Devices because it is important for higher to know where the enemy is placing them, but could also cause casualties if the patrol does not identify them before they’re detonated.

6. Why is it important to pass this information to higher?- Passing information to higher helps the commander to develop a picture of what is happening in the unit’s area of operations. It is like putting together pieces of a puzzle, where individual bits of information may not seem important, but when put together with other patrol reports, they paint a clear picture of the situation. Also, higher will pass this information on to adjacent units, so other patrols are better prepared for their missions and will be more efficient and/or will not sustain casualties because of enemy activity.

Training and Discussion Topics

1. Definition and Purpose. A patrol is a detachment of Marines sent out from a larger unit to perform an assigned mission of gathering information, carrying out a harassing or destructive combat mission or a security mission. A commander must have current information about the enemy and the terrain if he is to employ his unit effectively. Patrols are an important means of gaining this information. They may also be used to destroy enemy installations, capture enemy personnel, perform security missions, or to prevent the enemy from gaining information. Modern warfare places a high premium on effective patrolling. This is due to several factors. Units have larger areas of responsibility and can be threatened from all directions. As distances between units become greater, more patrolling becomes necessary to prevent infiltration by guerrillas or small enemy units, as well as to maintain contact with friendly adjacent units. Active patrolling by numerous small groups is needed to locate the enemy and to gather information on the enemy's disposition, strength, moral, and weapons as well as terrain. Additionally, patrols can mass for surprise attacks.

2. Patrol Types – Defined by Mission

Reconnaissance Patrols - reconnaissance patrols gather information about the enemy, terrain, or resources. Relying on stealth rather than combat strength, they gather information and fight only when necessary to complete the mission or to defend themselves.

Route – obtain information on a specified route and associated terrain

Area – obtain information on enemy, terrain, and/or resources in a given area (e.g., a village)

Zone – information concerning all routes, obstacles (to include chemical/radiological contamination), terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries

Combat Patrols - a combat patrol is a fighting patrol. Because the patrol is assigned a mission that may require it to engage the enemy, a combat patrol is stronger and more heavily armed than a reconnaissance patrol. A combat patrol is assigned the mission to destroy enemy troops, equipment, or installations; capture enemy documents, equipment, or installations; provide security; and as a secondary responsibility, gather information. Contact – establishes and maintains contact to front, flanks, or rear

of a friendly or enemy force. Contact patrols establish and/or maintain contact with an enemy force when the definite location of the force is unknown, maintain contact with enemy forces through

direct and/or indirect fires, or observation, and avoid decisive engagement with the enemy.

Ambush – surprise attack from a concealed position upon a moving or temporarily halted target. Ambush patrols conduct ambushes of enemy patrols, re-supply columns, and convoys. Ambush patrols are executed for the general purpose of reducing the enemy's overall combat effectiveness and for the specific purpose of destroying its units. The ambush may include an assault to close with and decisively engage the enemy, or the attack may be by fire only.

Raid – executes a limited objective, surprise attack on an enemy force or installation and then conducts a planned withdrawal after accomplishing a mission. Raids destroy or capture enemy personnel or equipment, destroy installations or free friendly personnel who have been captured by the enemy.

Security – screen flanks, rear areas and routes to prevent infiltration and/or surprise attacks. They are used in proximity to defensive positions, on the flanks of advancing units or in rear areas. Purposes of security patrols are to detect infiltration by the enemy, destroy infiltrators, and protect against surprise and ambush.

3. Patrol Types – Defined by Means of Movement

Foot Patrols. Movement by foot is the most common means; however, there are inherent disadvantages. Foot patrols travel slowly and carry limited quantity and types of equipment and supplies. Range and area coverage is relatively restricted. Foot patrols also have apparent advantages in that they have fewer restrictions as to terrain that can be covered; are more difficult for the enemy to detect; provide thorough coverage within limits of range; and are generally not inhibited by weather.

Motorized Patrols. Where terrain and road networks permit, a motorized patrol overcomes the inherent disadvantages of the foot patrol. Mechanized forces require patrolling units that can keep pace with them. However, motorized patrols are restricted to certain types of terrain, and tend to bypass areas that may be advantageous to and occupied by enemy infantry.

Waterborne Patrols. Waterborne patrols move over seas, lakes, rivers and streams, canals, and other inland waterways. The water is either used as a medium of entry to an objective area or is the actual patrol route. Waterborne patrols are limited by the location of water routes in the terrain and tend to bypass areas that may be advantageous to and occupied by the enemy.

Helicopterborne Patrols. Where terrain is extremely difficult or the enemy situation precludes the use of vehicle or motorized patrols, helicopterborne patrols are a method or means to conduct a patrol.

4. Patrol Organization

General Organization Headquarters (PL, APL, RTO, Navigator, Corpsman) Security Element (point, flanks, rear security) Support Element (provides covering fire)

Assault element (provides assault force to attack and seize the objective)

Special Organization The assault unit is usually divided into assault teams and one or

more search, EPW, or demolition teams. If the support unit is to be divided into teams, each team must be

given clear instructions as to what type support must be given, at what location, and during what phase of the patrol.

The patrol leader may divide the security unit into security teams as deemed necessary.

Task Organization. The patrol leader must organize the patrol in such a manner as to make sure that each individual, team, and unit is assigned a specific task or tasks. In addition, it is imperative that all the patrol members know how to perform the task assigned to all members of the patrol. This may not be possible in cases where trained technicians are required to perform certain task; however the requirement for that technical task to be performed will almost certainly be the exception rather then the rule. The patrol leader must plan for maximum flexibility to take care of an emergency and ensure that the patrol's mission is not put in jeopardy with the loss of a couple of key members, a team, or an entire element.

Individual Tasks. Leading a patrol is a very demanding task. The Patrol Leader may assign patrol members individual tasks to assist in conducting the patrol. Some common individual tasks are: Assistant Patrol Leader (APL). The Assistant Patrol Leader assists

the Patrol Leader in patrol preparation, navigation, and rehearsals and takes charge in the absence of the patrol leader. The APL is responsible for accountability throughout the patrol, getting head counts during halts, after crossing danger areas. Upon consolidation, the APL reports the ammunition, casualty, and equipment statuses to the PL.

Radio Operator (RTO). The radio operator maintains communications with higher at all times and reports all incoming transmissions to the patrol leader. RTO must know Brevity Codes, call signs, and frequencies associated with the patrol.

Navigator. The navigator should know the patrol’s location at all times, maintaining the direction of movement in accordance with the patrol route. The navigator must know the routes and checkpoints associated with the patrol

Pace Man. The pace man assists the patrol leader in the determining the distance the patrol has traveled. He must know the checkpoints and distance between checkpoints associated with the patrol. The pace man should be able to notify the navigator and PL the distance covered at all times.

Flanks. The patrol leader will typically assign flank security to prevent a surprise attack to one of the patrol’s flanks. Flanks should post as far out as terrain and vegetation permit them to maintain visual contact with the patrol leader.

5. Warning Orders. Ideally, the patrol leader issues the warning order to all patrol members, including attachments. Otherwise, the patrol leader will issue it to the unit leaders. Normally the warning order will get posted in the unit area like a fire watch roster; everyone is responsible for reading it. Having it posted allows the members to refer to it at any time. At a minimum, the warning order contains the following:

Situation – brief statement of enemy and friendly situation

Mission – mission of the patrol read (or written) exactly as the patrol leader received it

General Instructions – general and special organization; uniform and equipment common to all; weapons, ammunition, and equipment; chain of command; time schedule for patrol’s guidance; time, place, uniform, and equipment for receiving patrol order and times and places for inspections, rehearsals

Specific Instructions – to subordinate leaders, to special purpose teams or key individuals

6. 5-Paragraph Orders. Five paragraph orders provide the patrol members with a detailed, orderly description of all aspects of the patrol. It is issued using a preset format to ensure that all information is presented in a logical, orderly fashion.

7. Camouflaging Self and Equipment. To get protection from enemy fire in the offense or when moving, use routes that put cover between you and the places where the enemy is known or thought to be. Use ravines, gullies, hills, wooded areas, walls, and other cover to keep the enemy from seeing and firing at you. Avoid open areas, and do not skyline yourself on hilltops and ridges.

Concealment. Concealment is anything that hides you from enemy observation. It doesn't protect you from enemy fire. It can be natural or man-made. Natural concealment includes such things as bushes, grass, trees, and shadows. If possible, natural concealment should not be disturbed. Man-made concealment includes such things as camouflage uniforms, camouflage nets, face paint, and natural material that have been moved from its original location. Man-made concealment must blend into the natural concealment provided by the terrain.

Discipline Light discipline is controlling the use of lights at night by such

things as not smoking in the open, not walking around with a flashlight on, and not using vehicle headlights.

Noise discipline is taking action to deflect sounds generated by your unit (such as operating equipment) away from the enemy and, when possible, using methods to communicate that do not generate sounds (arm-and-hand signals).

Movement discipline is such things as not moving about fighting positions unless necessary, and not moving on routes that lack cover and concealment.

Camouflage. Camouflage is anything you use to keep yourself, your equipment, and your position from looking like what they are. Both

natural and man-made material can be used for camouflage. Change and improve your camouflage often. Camouflage Considerations: Avoid open areas; when moving, stay in shadows as is possible Outlines and shadows may reveal your position or equipment to air or

ground observers - break them up with camouflage. When moving, stay in the shadows when possible.

Shine may also attract the enemy's attention. In the dark, it may be a light such as a burning cigarette or flashlight. In daylight, it can be reflected light from polished surfaces such as shiny mess gear, a worn helmet, a windshield, a watch crystal and band, or exposed skin. To reduce shine, cover skin with clothing and face paint. Dull the surfaces of equipment and vehicles with paint, mud, or some type of camouflage material.

Shape is outline or form. Use camouflage and concealment to breakup shapes and blend them with their surroundings. Be careful not to overdo it.

Dispersion is the spreading of men, vehicles, and equipment over a wide area.

How To Camouflage

Study the terrain and vegetation of the area in which you are operating. Then pick and use the camouflage material that best blends with that area

When moving from one area to another, change camouflage as needed to blend with the surroundings.

Never use fires where there is a chance that the flame will be seen or the enemy will smell the smoke. Also, cover up tracks and other signs of movement when practical.

Camouflage your helmet with the issue helmet cover or make a cover of cloth or burlap that is colored to blend with the terrain.

Most uniforms come already camouflaged. However, it may be necessary to add more camouflage to make the uniform blend better with the surroundings. To do this, put mud on the uniform or attach leaves, grass, or small branches to it. Too much camouflage, however, may draw attention.

When operating on snow-covered ground, wear overwhites (if issued) to help blend with the snow. If overwhites are not issued, use white cloth, such as white bedsheets, to get the same effect.

Exposed skin reflects light and may draw the enemy's attention. Even very dark skin, because of its natural oil, will reflect light.

9. Rehearsals. Rehearsals ensure the operational proficiency of the patrol and are used to test the soundness of the patrol order and patrol organization. It is through rehearsals that patrol members become thoroughly familiar with the actions to take during the patrol.

Plans are checked and needed changes are made. The patrol leader verifies the suitability of equipment.

If the patrol will operate at night, both day and night rehearsals are

conducted. Terrain similar to that over which the patrol will operate is used.

All actions are rehearsed. If time is limited, the most critical phases are rehearsed. An effective method is to talk the patrol through each phase, describing the actions and having each member perform individual duties.

When satisfied, the patrol leader walks the patrol through all phases of the patrol using only the signals and commands to be used during the actual conduct of the patrol.

Rehearsals should continue until the patrol is thoroughly familiar with the plan.

10. Exiting Friendly Lines. To depart friendly lines:

The patrol leader or assistant patrol leader moves the patrol to the Assembly Area.

The PL leaves a 5-point contingency plan with assistant patrol leader, which includes; where he is going, whom he is taking with him, when he will be back, what to do if he is not back by a certain time, what to do upon enemy contact. Anytime the PL leaves the patrol, he must leave a 5-point contingency plan with the next senior Marine in charge.

The PL takes the navigator and the point man for security to conduct Forward Unit Coordination.

The PL links up with the unit leader and conducts coordination. The PL requests a guide to take his patrol through friendly lines.

The PL leaves the navigator with the guide so he can familiarize himself with the terrain and is ready to step off when the patrol arrives.

The PL and the point man, for security, return to the patrol at the assembly area.

The PL briefs the patrol on any updated information or changes from the forward unit commander.

The patrol moves out in a column.

Upon nearing the passage point, the patrol transitions into a dispersed file. The PL at this time transmits a message to higher headquarters requesting permission to depart friendly lines.

The APL moves to the front of the column and positions himself behind the guide. The patrol follows the guide through the barrier plan in a dispersed file following in the same footsteps of the guide.

Once through the barrier plan the APL conducts a head count of the patrol as they exit the barrier plan on the enemy side. The PL and the guide will establish a contact point where they will meet when the patrol returns.

The patrol immediately transitions into a tactical column and moves out.

Just outside the effects of friendly direct fire weapons, the patrol conducts a security halt to get adjusted to the sights and sounds of their surroundings.

11. Halts. The patrol occasionally halts to observe and listen for enemy activity; this is called a security halt. Upon signal, when reaching a danger

area and periodically throughout the conduct of the patrol, every member freezes in place, remains quiet, observes, and listens. It may be necessary to call a security halt just after departing friendly areas and just before entering friendly areas. The patrol may halt briefly to send a message, eat, rest, check direction, or make a reconnaissance. The area selected should provide adequate concealment and cover, as well as favor the defense. All-round security is established and the patrol leader ensures all members move out when the patrol resumes movement. There are two types of security halts:

Short Security Halt. Speed of movement is slower at night than in day patrols and reduces the danger of a Marine becoming separated from the patrol. The patrol occasionally halts to observe and listen for enemy activity; this is called a security halt. Upon signal, when reaching a danger area and periodically throughout movement en route, every member freezes in place, remains quiet, observes, and listens. It may be necessary to call a security halt just after departing friendly areas and just before entering friendly areas. The patrol may halt briefly to send a message, eat, rest, check direction, or make a reconnaissance. When this occurs, patrol members should take a knee or get in the prone behind cover and concealment. All-round security is established and the patrol leader ensures all members move out when the patrol resumes movement.

Long Security Halt or Hide. When a patrol is required to halt for an extended period in an area not protected by friendly troops, the patrol moves into a location that, by the nature of the surrounding terrain, provides passive security from enemy detection. Such an assembly area is called a hide. The plan for a hide consists of passive an active security measures.

Passive security measures are: Avoid built-up areas. Select an area remote from all human habitation. Avoid known or suspected enemy positions. Avoid ridgelines, topographic crests, valleys, lakes, and streams. Avoid roads and trails. Avoid open woods and clearings. Select areas offering dense vegetation, preferably bushes and trees

that spread out close to the ground.

Active security measures are: Establish security covering all likely avenues of approach into the

site. Establish communications (i.e., wire, radio, signal, runner, etc.)

with posted security to provide early warning of enemy approach. Select an alternate area for occupation if the original hide is

compromised or found unsuitable. Plan for withdrawal in the event of discovery. Establish an alert plan with a certain percent of the personnel awake

at all times.

12. Reentry of Friendly Lines. The reentry of friendly lines in conducted very similar to exiting friendly lines except in reverse. Always try to exit and reenter friendly lines from different locations to prevent the enemy from ambushing the patrol as it returns to friendly lines. The procedures for reentry of friendly lines are:

The patrol leader conducts a long security halt at the designated reentry rally point or RRP. The patrol listens and looks for enemy presence to ensure they are not being followed or the enemy has not set up an ambush. The RRP is outside of friendly lines, within the range of friendly direct fire weapons, and in a position providing the patrol good cover and concealment.

The patrol leader requests permission, via the radio, to reenter friendly lines, using a code word for security and brevity. The patrol leader must ensure that permission is granted before moving forward to the contact point.

After leaving a 5-point contingency plan with the assistant patrol leader, the patrol leader, radioman, and a security team advances to conduct a link-up with the guide(s) at a pre-designated contact point that was coordinated by the patrol leader and the forward unit commander.

The patrol leader initiates the far recognition signal and the guide responds radio or hand and arm signal during day or a designated number of infrared or red lens flashes at night. As the patrol leader moves closer to the contact point, the guide initiates the near recognition signal and the patrol leader responds, usually challenge & password at night, hand and arm signal during day.

The patrol leader then sends the radioman and another Marine back to the patrol. The assistant patrol leader then moves the patrol from the RRP to the contact point in a tactical column. From the contact point to the passage point the patrol transitions to a dispersed file.

The guide(s) then leads the patrol from the contact point into the barrier plan or passage point.

At the passage point, the patrol leader, with security, moves to the front and counts all members into the passage lane to ensure that all patrol members are accounted for and that no enemy infiltrators attempt to slip in with the patrol.

The patrol leader then provides the forward unit commander with a SALUTE report containing information of immediate tactical value, such as enemy contact or sightings.

The patrol leader then takes the patrol to the S-2 or his designated representatives for the patrol debrief.

Common Trends/Frequently Asked Questions

1. Confusion on the different types of patrols. Students often mistake one type of patrol for another. Contact Patrols are used to maintain contact with friendly or enemy units. Ambush patrols are a surprise attack from a concealed position. A Raid patrol has a planned withdrawal. Security patrols are used to gather information or provide security.

2. Confusion on the difference between a warning order and a patrol order. A warning order is a brief summary of the mission that answers who, what, when, where, and why. It is used to allow members of the patrol the maximum amount of time possible to prepare for a patrol. A patrol order is a detailed description of the enemy and friendly situation, mission, execution, and administrative details (to include logistics).

Tie-ins

1. CS0101LP (Combat Marksmanship). If the Marine does not properly handle their rifle and accurately engage the enemy, they are a liability to mission accomplishment and may inflict casualties against friendly forces from improperly handling the weapon or from not applying the appropriate data to his weapon.

2. CS0701 (Hand and Arm Signals), CS0902 (Combat Formations). Patrols are one of the most complex operations in which a squad can participate. If hand and arm signals, fire team formations, and squad formations have not been thoroughly rehearsed among the Marines, the difficulty of successfully completing the mission is increased significantly. Marines must be thoroughly trained in these fundamental skills.

3. CS0702 (Tactical Communication). A security patrol is one tool the commander has to obtain information about the enemy and terrain in his area of responsibility. As such, it is vital for the security patrol to look for and report as much meaningful information to higher as possible. This includes submitting SALUTE reports, completing simple and/or panoramic sketches, and, if possible, taking photographs.

SQUAD SECURITY PATROL ORDER

SITUATION

Direction of north

Key terrain features and their potential effects on our mission: Our current location: Landforms: Streams, rivers and lakes: Roads: Firebreaks, trails and power lines: Vegetated areas: Boundaries outlining our planned area of operation: Tactical control measures: Suspected enemy positions:

Weather forecast for next 24 hours: Temperature: High: ______ Low: _______ Precipitation (type and probability): Effects on our operations:

Astronomical data: BMNT: ________ Sunrise: ________

Sunset: ________ EENT: ________ Moonrise: ________; Illumination: _______%

Enemy: Small bands of insurgents have been operating in the outlying areas around Camp Devil Dog. They have been known to operate in both rural and urban areas while attempting to gather information about US forces and their actions within the region. They have the ability to blend in with the surrounding populace and often rely on aid from their supporters. They wear civilian attire to blend in with the local populace and are armed with Soviet Bloc small arms. However their primary weapon is the Improvised Explosive Device (IED), which they prefer to remote detonate in populated urban areas and along known US patrol routes.

DRAW-DG: Insurgents will not engage in decisive combat. If engaged they will attempt to withdraw and hide either in the populace or outlying woodlands. They may attempt to probe US forces that are moving in elements of squad size or smaller. Their most likely course of action will be the placement of IEDs in highly populated areas and trail routes.

Intelligence update:

S_________________________________________________________________________

A_________________________________________________________________________

L_________________________________________________________________________

U_________________________________________________________________________

T_________________________________________________________________________

E_________________________________________________________________________Friendly:

______ Platoon is conducting Camp Devil Dog perimeter security. ______ Platoon has occupied a defensive position to the southwest. ______ Platoon is in the reserve. ______ Squad is preparing to conduct a patrol to the ________________. ______ Squad is conducting a patrol to_______________________________. ______ Squad is in reserve.

Attachments/Detachments: None.

MISSION

On order, ________ Squad will conduct a security patrol in the vicinity of Camp Devil Dog in order to prevent insurgent forces from interfering with coalition operations and gain information on insurgent activity in the area. Time has priority. (Repeat)

EXECUTION

Commander's Intent: Prevent insurgent forces from interfering with coalition operations and gain information on insurgent activity in the area

Scheme of Maneuver:

Approximately 30 minutes before the patrol's departure the initial point man, Security Team Leader, and I will meet and the SCI/PI for final coordination. Upon our return to the assembly area, I will then brief the entire patrol as to the route that will be used to exit friendly lines, link up points, and day/night link up procedures. Once this brief is complete, I will conduct a final inspection while the APL conducts communication checks with the CP and informs them that the patrol is prepared for departure. The CP will acknowledge and initiate "STAND-TO". Upon completion of the final inspection, I will lead the patrol to the passage point. I will request permission to depart friendly lines. After permission for departure has been given, we will follow out to the assembly area, moving in a ranger file through the passage point. Once we are outside friendly lines, the patrol will conduct a security halt and become acclimated to the surrounding area. After this security halt, the patrol will continue on the route while taking security/listening halts as needed. We will then move in squad column, fireteam wedge for the remainder of the patrol, unless otherwise directed. We will patrol past the following checkpoints: _________________________________________________________________________. Our patrol route will take us through the Dunham School campus where I believe we will most likely encounter some sort of insurgent activity. We will move on a NW / NE / SW / SE course through the campus grounds and back into the surrounding woodlands. We must be particularly alert for the presence of IEDs in this area. After we have completed our route or reached our drop dead time for return, the patrol will move to a position approximately 75-100 meters from the link-up point. The patrol will then take a security halt while the Security Team Leader and I move to the link up point and conduct near/far recognition procedures with the SCI/PI. After I have positively completed link-up, the Security Team Leader will return to the patrol and lead them to the link-up site. Once reconstituted, I will request permission to re-enter friendly lines. After permission has been granted, the guide will lead the patrol back into friendly lines through the passage point. We will move through the passage point and halt a short distance within the perimeter. Here we will make a final personnel/gear count and notify higher that we have successfully re-entered friendly lines. We will then move to the COC and debrief.

Tasks:

1st Team: You are the security element. Provide continuous forward security. Push security as far forward as possible while keeping in sight of the HQ Unit. Assist me in navigation.

2nd Team: You are the support element. You are responsible for the flank security and two casualty assistance teams. Assign a member of your team to maintain a pace count.

3rd Team: You are the assault element. You are responsible for rear security and EPW/Search teams.

Assistant Patrol Leader: Perform initial inspections of personnel, equipment, weapons, water, and chow and make appropriate corrections. Inform me of any discrepancies. During the patrol, supervise the flanks. You are responsible for reporting personnel accountability to me during all halts, and any time following the crossing of a danger area. During consolidation, get an ammunition, casualty, and EPW report (ACE report). Bring all casualties to

the casualty collection point. Keep me informed on the status of ammunition and water during the patrol. Ensure all special equipment is drawn from the Command Operations Center (COC).

Radio Operator: On order, report the patrol's actions, movements, etc. using the brevity codes. Memorize all pertinent brevity codes prior to our departure. On order, report all checkpoints. Be able to submit a message using NATO report format for a Situation report, Position report, and a SALUTE/SPOT report.

Navigator: Keep the point man oriented on the patrol route. Notify me when we arrive at designated checkpoints.

Pacers: Keep an accurate pace count at all times and inform me whenever we reach designated checkpoints.

COORDINATING INSTRUCTIONS

Time Line: ______ Rehearsals ______ Coordination with Forward Unit Commander ______ Final inspection ______ Movement to Passage Point (PP) ______ Time of departure ______ Time of return ______ Debrief

Tactical Control Measures:

Area/check point Grid Description of area/CP

Assembly Area: _____________ _______________________________Passage Point 1: _____________ _______________________________Passage Point 2: _____________ _______________________________IRP 1: _____________ _______________________________IRP 2: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 3: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 4: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 6: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 8: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 11: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 14: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 17: _____________ _______________________________Checkpoint 19: _____________ _______________________________En route rally points will be designated during movement approximately every 200-300 meters.Primary and Alternate Routes (All azimuths are magnetic)

Primary: From Point of Departure to CP ____: ____ degrees for ____ meters From CP ____ to CP ____: ____ degrees for ____ meters From CP ____ to CP ____: ____ degrees for ____ meters From CP ____ to Point of return: ____ degrees for ____ meters

Alternate: From Point of Departure to CP ____: ____ degrees for ____ meters

From CP ____ to CP ____: ____ degrees for ____ meters From CP ____ to CP ____: ____ degrees for ____ meters From CP ____ to Point of return: ____ degrees for ____ meters

Organization for Movement: Security, HQ/Support, Assault

Danger Areas: As per SOP.

Immediate Action Drills: As per SOP.

Actions at Rally Points: As per SOP.

React to an IED: Utilize the four C’s: After identifying the IED, we will CLEAR the immediate area. Establish a CORDON (perimeter) with standoff, which I will identify. CONTROL the area by observing the IED and allowing no one near the IED. CALL the COC and report the location of the IED for an Explosive

Ordnance Disposal (EOD) unit to dispose the device. We will never attempt to diffuse the device.

No Communication Plan: If we lose communication, we will conduct a security halt, troubleshoot the radio, and attempt to reestablish communications with the COC, to include setting up the 10-foot antenna. If we are unable to reestablish communications, the patrol will return to our passage point where I will establish contact with the guides. We will then return to the COC and exchange radios before continuing with the mission. If the patrol has not been heard from within 1 hour, the COC will task 1 squad from the Reserve to attempt to locate the missing patrol

Lost Marine Plan: Patrol actions: If a patrol determines that it is missing a Marine, the

Patrol Leader will radio back to the COC and notify the watch officer, providing the missing Marine’s name and rank and last location seen. The patrol will then backtrack along the patrol route until they find the Marine or return to the Passage Point.

Lost Marine actions: The lost Marine will remain in place for 30 minutes and await link up with friendly forces. Once 30 minutes have passed, the lost Marine will blow his/her whistle three times every ten seconds in order for the squad to locate his/her position.

Lost weapon or compass: The Marine missing the weapon or compass will immediately inform the Patrol Leader that the item is missing and the last known location/time the Marine had the item. The Patrol Leader will inform the COC and conduct a detailed search of the last known location.

Debrief: Upon reentering friendly lines, we will return to the COC where we review the conduct of our patrol and pass on any information obtained during our patrol.

Rehearsals and Inspections. All patrol members will muster at the Confidence Course field for rehearsals as briefed in the timeline. Priority for rehearsals are as follows: (1) reactions to an IED (2) actions on urban terrain; (3) actions at danger areas; and (4) departure/reentry of friendly lines. Once these are complete, the APL and I will conduct the final inspection.

Commander's Critical Information Requirements (CCIRs):

1. Location of IEDs. Do not investigate - execute immediate action drill.2. Suspected evidence of enemy activity.

Weapons Test Fire. We will test fire our weapons by the dead reckoning course.

Debrief. Following our reentry into friendly lines, I will pass pertinent information to the Platoon Commander and then the entire patrol will move to the COC where we will be debriefed by our Platoon Commander and an S-2 representative.

ADMINISTRATION/LOGISTICS

Administration: The only identification to be worn by any patrol members is dog tags and Armed Forces ID card.

Logistics:

Beans: One MRE in your butt pack and two full canteens before departure.Bullets: Fifteen rounds per Marine.Batteries: APL will ensure the patrol has one battery for the radio and one spare battery.Band-aids: As issued. I will establish a Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC) site in the event that we must evacuate wounded personnel. Bad guys: EPW team will ensure they have proper EPW handling equipment, to include four pairs of flex cuffs. EPWs will be handled in accordance with the "5 S's and a T." We will keep them with us for intelligence reasons and will bring them back for interrogation. If I determine they are too much of a security risk and upon approval of higher headquarters, we will leave them in place with their arms bound and their eyes blindfolded for later retrieval.

COMMAND/SIGNAL

Signal. All primary communications will be by radio. All communications within the patrol will be by hand and arm signal.

Our primary frequency is ________. Our alternate frequency is ________.

Brevity codes:BREWERS: patrol request permission to exit friendly linesYANKEES: patrol has passed through friendly linesRED SOX: patrol has entered the Dunham School campusORIOLES: patrol has made enemy contact MARLINS: patrol has spotted a potential IEDBLUE JAYS: patrol is approaching friendly lines and requests guideTWINS: patrol is shifting to alternate patrol route

Challenge and Password: Challenge: Honor Password: Courage Running: CommitmentAlternate: numbers adding up to 7

Near Recognition: (Day/Night) Challenge and Password

Far Recognition: DAY: The moving unit will halt and remove their cover, then moving their cover in a counter clockwise circle above their head. The stationary unit will respond by moving their cover in a clockwise circle over their head. The moving unit will then re-place their cover and move in to conduct near recognition procedures.NIGHT: The moving unit will halt and give three quick flashes with a red lens flashlight. The stationary unit will respond with two flashes. The moving unit will then give one flash and move in to conduct near recognition procedures.

Command: I will be with the HQ element. The APL will move with the Assault element.

Succession of command is:MyselfAPL

_____________ Team Leader _____________ Team Leader

ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?

*Perform a time hack with the patrol.

Back Brief Questions For the Patrol:

What is the squad’s mission? – On order, ________ Squad will conduct a security patrol in the vicinity of Camp Devil Dog in order to prevent insurgent forces from interfering with coalition operations and gain information on insurgent activity in the area. Time has priority.

What is 1st Fire Team’s task? The security element. Provide continuous forward security. Push security as far forward as possible while keeping in sight of the HQ Unit. Assist Patrol Leader in navigation.

What are our checkpoints and their grid coordinates?

What are the distances between the checkpoints?

What do we do if the squad encounters an IED? – Use the four C’s. Clear, Cordon, Control, Call EOD.

How should EPWs be treated? – Search, Silence, Segregate, Safeguard, Speed, and Tag.

What are the challenge, pass, running, and alternate passwords? – Honor, Courage, Commitment, and numbers adding to seven.

If there are no more questions, the APL will perform initial inspections on the squad and their gear before rehearsals.

Performance Examination Checklist

Evaluator Instructions:

1. Each Marine will be assessed individually on this task.

2. The requirements and procedures outlined in the Instructor Preparation Guide for the associated lesson will be used to conduct this lesson.

Student Instructions:

1. You are a Marine infantryman and are required to submit a report to higher headquarters.

Performance Steps and/or Performance Standard:Performance Steps

Master Non-Master Remarks

SUBMIT A MESSAGE USING NATO REPORT FORMAT (0300-COMM-1006)1. Situation Report.2. Position Report.3. SALUTE Report/ SPOT report.

Evaluator Instructions:

1. Each Marine will be assessed individually on this task.

2. The requirements and procedures outlined in the Instructor Preparation Guide for the associated lesson will be used to conduct this performance examination.

3. This examination is evaluated mastery or non-mastery. Utilize the Performance Examination Checklist to record student performance. To achieve mastery, a Marine must perform each of the performance steps correctly.

Student Instructions:

1. You are a Marine infantryman and must prepare for combat.

2. To achieve mastery, you must perform each of the performance steps.

Performance Steps and/or Performance Standard:Performance Steps

Master Non-Master Remarks

PREPARE FOR COMBAT (0300-PAT-1004)1. Receive warning order.2. Conduct preparations in accordance with warning order.3. Rehearse individual actions.4. Receive the order.5. Stand inspection.6. Test fire weapon.

Performance Steps and/or Performance Standard:Performance Steps

Master Non-Master

Remarks

PERFORM INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS IN PASSAGE OF LINES (0300-PAT-1007)1. Maintain noise and light discipline.2. Provide security.3. Perform individual movement as a member of a patrol.4. Travel through gaps or lanes in obstacle plan as directed by the patrol leader.PERFORM INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS IN A PATROL (0300-PAT-1008)1. Prepare for the patrol.2. Perform individual actions during passage of lines.3. Perform individual actions at halts.4. Occupy rally points. 5. Perform immediate action drills.6. Perform individual actions in re-entry of friendly lines.7. Disseminate information.

Performance Examination Checklist

Evaluator Instructions:

1. Each Marine will be assessed individually on this task.

2. The requirements and procedures outlined in the Instructor Preparation Guide for the associated lesson will be used to conduct this performance examination.

3. There is no time limit for this task.

4. This examination is evaluated mastery or non-mastery. Utilize the Performance Examination Checklist to record student performance. To achieve mastery, a Marine must perform each of the performance steps.

Student Instructions:

1. You are a Marine infantryman and must perform individual actions in a patrol.

2. There is no time limit for this task.

3. To achieve mastery, you must perform each of the performance steps. Performance Steps Master Non-

MasterRemarks

PERFORM ACTIONS IN A HASTY FIRING POSITION (0300-PAT-1013)1. Make a visual assessment of the assigned area.2. Select a position that offers the best cover and concealment.3. Select a position that affords right or left handed shooting.4. Fire around cover, not over it.5. Remain far enough back from the cover, so the weapon or muzzle flash does not extend beyond it.

6. Avoid being silhouetted against a light colored background.7. Fire from a kneeling or prone position, to reduce exposure to enemy fire.