critical reasoning week 7.ppt”

LC 0918 / 0518

AY 2011/12

Week 7

Critical Reasoning Skills

Today’ Focus:

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!!You will individually research the issue you and your group has decided on

!!Your essay should be 300 – 500 words long

!! your research and your stand and your conclusion should be your own.

!!You are allowed to bring in notes and your research materials

CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument

CA 10: Part B

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!!Your group will present its research and conclusions in class.

!!You will now need to forward a group viewpoint on the issue you have chosen. Support your argument with evidence and be prepared to take

questions from the class and tutor.

!!This is not an oral presentation.

!! Your group‘s aim is to convince the audience of your collective viewpoint. Think about how you can do this as effectively as possible.


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QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELVES

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When sourcing…

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CRS Unit1: Reading Critically

Introduction

(The Thesis)

Body

(reasons for Thesis)

Conclusion

(Reiterate Thesis)

Main Argument (series of

reasons)

Summarise

is a statement of purpose,

intent, or main idea; it is

also known as the stand of the author.


A view point expressed (what) Supported by reason / reasons. (why)


What is “argument”?

Reason why you agree or disagree with the issue

!! For the introduction,

- list only the 3 strongest reasons why you agree or disagree with the issue

!! They should be brief.


What is “preview of arguments”? !! Introduction of selected arguments

!! i.e. preview of arguments

!! Note each argument has to be:

!! a short phrase

!! to-the-point

What makes up the argument?

!! Each argument requires: !!One reason for your stand

!!One or more supporting details e.g. !! example

!! explanation

!! research finding/ expert opinion/ statistics

!! anecdote

!! comparison and/ or contrast

!! Remember you need three arguments for the essay body


What is a Stand?

Must have the following:

•! can be defended. •! is not based on subjectivity of personal

feelings. •! is a statement (usually in a sentence) and not a question.

•! must be coherent.

A Stand…


So what is “stand”? Statement that you agree or disagree with the issue

!! There’s no middle ground in an argumentative essay so your stand has to be a “yes” or “no” i.e.

!!I agree that domestic helpers should be given a day off

or

!!I disagree that domestic helpers should be given a day off


1.! Are youths inculcated with good values?

2. Youths need to be inculcated with good

values .

Which is a valid stand?


1.! Marijuana should be considered illegal.

2. Selling Marijuana in public places should

be considered illegal



1.! I cannot take the MRT as only a bus

would take to directly to my home.

2.! I love taking cabs.



Expressing your Opinion

!! You can persuade others to agree with how you feel by writing an argumentative essay

!! Let’s explore how such an essay can written for the issue:

Globalization is a bane and not a boon.

!! The following slides will illustrate the process of writing the essay


An effective Argumentative Essay has

!! a series of arguments, plus !! counter-arguments and

!! Rebuttals


What is a Counter-Argument?

!! An argument given by someone who disagrees with your stand.

!! A counter-argument is an opposing argument that goes against your: !! stand

!! arguments


Why Counter-argue?


How to Counter-argue?

!! Imagine a disbelieving reader who is able to !! identify a problem with your argument or

!! provide an alternative argument that makes more sense to him or her.


How to Counter-argue?

!! The counter-argument should be !! Clear so that the reader understands easily

!! Brief so that you can rebut the counter-argument more effectively and

!! Supported by some evidence


The Rebuttal


What is a Rebuttal?

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What it Looks Like

Argumentative Essay Format


Argumentative Essay:

Basic Format

!! Introduction !! Hook !! Background !! Stand !! Preview of 3 Arguments

!! Body !! Argument 1 !! Argument 2 !! Argument 3 !! Counterargument & Rebuttal

!! Conclusion !! Restate stand !! Restate 3 arguments


The Conclusion

Argumentative Essay Format


How to Conclude?

!! Restates your stand

!! Summarises your arguments

!! Presents possible consequence(s) of contradicting your stand

These should be stated in different words from the

introduction.


Title--why do you need one?

!! Introduces the topic of discussion

!! Generates reader interest


Creating a Title

!! Attention Grabbing !!Offering a provocative image

!!Using words or examples offered in the body or conclusion

!! asking a question

!! Don’t be too general


Considering Titles

Which would be the best title for an article on “Solutions to the problem of road rage”?

Road Rage

Can’t Drive 55

Road Rage: Curing Our Highway Epidemic


Activity Time!

CRS Unit 1: Issues and Conclusion

!! In your groups.

!! Go to Eliser

!! Select an issue for your CA 10.

!! Choose your topic from the following:

#!Youth

#!Globalization

#!Media

#!Science & Technology

Formulating an Issue Eliser Database

News, current Affairs and Social

Issues

1. Opposing Viewpoints

Resource Centers

2. Resource Centers

Or

3. Global Issues in Context

WHEN YOU COME BACK (WEEK 12) 1.! You should have already done some kind of research on

your own

2.! Everyone should bring their computers to class

3.! Have their 3 points of argument, 1 or 2 counter arguments + rebuttal

4.! If you need help,

email [email protected]

critical reasoning week 7.ppt”

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