critical infrastructure protection towards disaster: … · critical infrastructure (ci) united...

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT & FUTURE DIRECTION

Y.F. Wahab, A.F. Roslan, Z. Abd. Hamid, Z. Mohamad & M.K. GhaniConstruction Research Institute of Malaysia

R. Zainal AbidinNilai University, Malaysia

Researcher

SECOND JTC1 WORKSHOP ON TRIGGERING AND PROPAGATION OF RAPID FLOW-LIKE LANDSLIDES

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION

Presentat ion Out l ine

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INTRODUCTIONLITERATURE REVIEW & METHODOLOGYFUTURE DIRECTION & WAY FORWARDCONCLUSIONREFERENCES

Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) 2016-2020

CITP under Environmental Sustainability

Thrust is in line with the fourth strategic thrust

of RMK11: ‘Pursuing green growth for

sustainability and resilience’

• ~ RM 2.9 Bn damage from recent floods

in the East Cost of Malaysia

• RM 800 Mn for repair and reconstruction

of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges.

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 2 3 4 51

In t roduct ion

Landslide Damage in Malaysia

Landslide at Lengkuk Lembah Permai, Pulau Pinang, 22 October 2017


Landslide Damage in Malaysia

Landslide at Jalan Sungai Koyan –

Cameron Highlands, 3 February 2018

Landslide at Taman Hillview , 20

November 2002


LANDSLIDE VULNERABILITY

Landslide vulnerability

Physical structure

People inside the building

Socio-economic

Environment

Cultural heritage

Damages on structureRecords on damages valuef (Landslide intensity, Str. Susceptibility)

Landslide event vs injury or fatalitiesf(Landslide intensity, Str. Susceptibility, People Susceptibility)

Wide aspect of group or community affected by landslide catastrophesf(Landslide intensity, Susceptibility of community activities)

Impact of landslide on the environment aspectsf(Landslide intensity, Susceptibility of environment e.g. air, water, forest and etc.)

Impact of landslide on the cultural & heritage aspectsf(Landslide intensity, Susceptibility cultural heritage e.g. building, monument, historical site and etc.)


Flood Damage Assessment in 2014

The total repair damaged to property and

infrastructure in all the affected states

Source: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/662008/damage-due-to-malaysia-flood-close-to-284m#ixzz4mO1xu8AX

close to 1 billion ringgit.

Source:

http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/flood-

damage-estimate-tops-rm1b

• 350 million ringgit to repair damaged schools in

five states

• 200 million ringgit in property damage

• 100 million ringgit to repair roads in Kelantan

• 132 million ringgit to repair roads in Terengganu

• 96 million ringgit to repair 93 collapsed hillslopesalong the damaged roads in four states


Critical Infrastructure (CI)

United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) define CI as:

“the primary physical structures, technical facilities and systems which are

socially, economically or operationally essential to the functioning of

a society or community, both in routine circumstances and in the extreme

circumstances of an emergency”

Physical Socio-Economic

Electricity and water supply, waste (water)

management, transport or information and

telecommunication technologies

Hospitals, schools and public

administration


Li terature Rev iew and Methodo logy

1 3 4 52

NO COUNTRY SECTORS DEFINITIONS1 Australia i) Communications

ii) Energy

iii) Finance

iv) Food supply

v) Government services

vi. Health

vii. Manufacturing

viii. National icons

ix. Transport

“Infrastructure which, if destroyed, degraded orrendered unavailable for an extended period,would significantly impact on social or economicwell-being or affect national security or defense.”

2 United States i) Agriculture and food

ii) Banking and finance

iii) Chemical and hazardous materials

iv) Defense industrial base

v) Emergency services

vi) Energy

“Systems and assets, whether physical or virtual,so vital to the United States that the incapacity ordestruction of such systems and assets wouldhave a debilitating impact on security, nationaleconomic security, national public health orsafety, or any combination of those matters.”

3 New Zealand i) Emergency services

ii) Energy

iii) Banking and finance

iv) Government services

v) Telecommunications and the internet

vi) Transport

“Critical services are those whose interruption would have a serious adverse effect on New Zealand as a whole or on a large proportion of the population, and which would require immediate reinstatement.”



Source: (Narain et al., 2014), (Yunos, 2016)

NO COUNTRY SECTORS DEFINITIONS4 Canada i) Communications and

information technology

ii) Energy

iii) Finance

iv) Food

v) Government services

vi. Health care

vii. Manufacturing

viii. Safety

ix. Transportation

x. Water

“Physical and information technology facilities,networks and assets, which if disrupted ordestroyed would have a serious impact on thehealth, safety, security or economic well-being ofCanadians”

5 Malaysia i) Defense and security

ii) Transportation

iii) Banking and finance

iv) Health services

v) Emergency services

vi) Energy

vii. Information and

communications

viii. Government

ix. Food and agriculture

x. Water

“Assets (real or virtual), systems and functionsthat are vital to the nation that their incapacity ordestruction would have a devastating impact tothe nation”



Source: (Narain et al., 2014), (Yunos, 2016)



Figure 1 (b): Agencies involved in disaster

management

(Source: Seman, 2015)

Figure 1 (a): Malaysia disaster governance

framework

(Source: Seman, 2015)


Future D i rect ion & Way Forward

• Decisions during construction phases can have significant impact on theresiliency of critical infrastructures over their entire life cycle.

• Preparing for and addressing disaster events required increased levels ofengineering solutions.

• The combination of all will make critical infrastructure becoming more resilienceand help to reduce the loss of life and economy during natural disaster.

• Academicians play an important role in conducting rigorous research in-line withthe nation interest that can benefit the construction sectors to adapt with theclimate change.

• Research on determining the critical infrastructure as a podium where data fromgovernment agencies gathered, validated, processed, evaluated, analysed andpublished to achieve international recognition.

• Information and data sharing among the agencies.


Conc lus ion

• Desire to protect critical infrastructure towards disasters is a big task andcomplicated matter in any entity to accomplish alone.

• A smart partnership and a very systematic system needed to make the criticalinfrastructure become more resilience.

• Preparations and protection to face the disaster will save a lot of money in thelong run and securing the safety and resilience of critical infrastructure requiresjoint-collaboration between government and private sectors.

• A major improvement not only from government, but a multi sector approachesare vital to make our critical infrastructure resilience towards the naturaldisaster.

• Professionals involving local authorities, government and private agencies as wellas NGO’s from diverse discipline should contribute on the technical-know-how tomanage the hazard and risk.

CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION TOWARDS DISASTER: A REVIEW OF PRESENT STATUS & FUTURE DIRECTION 1 2 3 4 5

References

1. CIDB, C. I. D. B. (2015). Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP). Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia.

2. Claudia, B., Anil, K., Sreeja, S., Nair, J. B. (2013). Critical Infrastructures and Disaster Risk Reduction.3. Dunn, M., & Wigert, I. (2004). CIIP Handbook 2004.4. Economic Planning Unit. (2015). Strengthening Infrastructure to Support Economic Expansion.

Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas (Eleventh Malaysia Plan) : 2016-2020. Retrieved from http://rmk11.epu.gov.my/book/eng/Elevent-Malaysia-Plan/RMKe-11 Book.pdf

5. Juni, M. H. (2016). Governance of Flood Disaster Management :, 3(1), 17–30.6. Narain, A., Gupta, M. P., & Ojha, A. (2014). Identifying critical infrastructure sectors and their

dependencies : An Indian scenario. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 7(2), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2014.04.003

7. Seman, Z. A. A. (2015). Malaysia National Disaster Management Agency.8. UNISDR. (2015). Proposed Updated Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction: A Technical Review,

(August), 1–31.9. Wiseman, E., & Mclaughlin, T. (2013). Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Literature

Survey : State of the Art.10. Yunos, Z. (2016). Cyber Security Strategy in Securing Critical Infrastructure.11. Zimmerman, R. (2009). Understanding the Implications of Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies for

Water of Critical Infrastructure.

http://rmk11.epu.gov.my/book/eng/Elevent-Malaysia-Plan/RMKe-11 Book.pdf

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2014.04.003

CREAM ACTIVITIESMonthly workshop and technical visit (Technical Working Group for Flood and Landslide)

THANK YOU

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