critical infrastructure protection in the transportation network

Department of EMISSMU School of Engineering

Leadership in Engineering

Critical Infrastructure Protection In the Transportation Network

A Mathematical Model and Methodology for Determining and Analyzing

The k-Critical Links of a Highway Network

2Department of EMIS

SMU School of Engineering


Objective

• The objective of this dissertation is to develop a methodology, using a SE approach, and apply the methodology to a mathematical model, using performance metrics such as travel time and flow, to simulate the impacts k-Links disconnects have on highway networks of major metropolitan cities for risk mitigation and resource allocation

3Department of EMIS



The Systems Engineering Process

• Problem Definition and Need Identification

• Feasibility Study

• Operational Requirements

• Maintenance Support Concept

• Technical Performance Measures

• Functional Analysis and Allocation

4Department of EMIS



The Systems Engineering Process

• Trade-Off Analyses

• System Specification

5Department of EMIS



Problem Definition and Need Analysis

• Defining the System – System of SystemsAgriculture

Water

Public Health

EmergencyServices

DefenseIndustrial

Base

Telecom.

EnergyTransportation

Government

Chemical andHazMat

Postal andShipping

Banking andFinance

FoodAgriculture

Water

Public Health

EmergencyServices

DefenseIndustrial

Base

Telecom.

EnergyTransportation

Government

Chemical andHazMat

Postal andShipping

Banking andFinance

Food

6Department of EMIS



Example of Model

1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 4006, 700

4, 400

3, 300

1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 400

8, 4503, 450

4, 700

1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 4006, 700

4, 400

3, 3004, 700

4, 250

Problem Definition and Need Analysis

7Department of EMIS



Feasibility Study

• What tools are available to perform analysis?

• What methods have been developed in this area?

8Department of EMIS



Operational Requirements

Requirements

OperatingEnvironment

OperationalLife Cycle

UtilizationRequirements

PrimeDefinitionOf Mission

PerformanceParameters

OperationalDeployment

EffectivenessFactors

9Department of EMIS



Maintenance Concept

• Levels of Maintenance

• Repair Policies

• Organizational Responsibilities

• Maintenance Support Elements

• Effectiveness Requirements

• Environment

10Department of EMIS



Technical Performance Parameters

EfficiencyOf Model

AccuracyOf Model

Sim

ula

tion




Functional AnalysisC

ompo

nent

s

• Transportation CI SoS

INPUT•Disconnects•Hrs of Op.

PROCESS•Mathematical model

Att

ribu

tes

•Flow•Distance

•Links •Nodes•Efficiency of model

RelationshipsMovement of Goods

Efficiently Finding K Links

Perf. of Defined

Links

OUTPUT•Performance

•Disconnects•Hours of operation




Functional Analysis

SystemRequirements

SystemSolution

Validate &Verify

Actual Model

System Objective

City Boundary

Section of City

Small Network Enumeration

SimulationProcessing Time

Functional Analysis

SimulationProcessing Time




OutputPerformance:•Travel Time/Throughput

I35W I35E I45

I35W I35E Hwy 75

I20

I30

I20

InputSingle Disconnect; 1/0

Variables•Temporal Time of Day: I =1, 2, 3 (peak, norm, other)•Links: l =(i,j), [(i+1), (j+1)],…, (i+n, j+n)

L1 L2 L3

L8 L7 L6

L5

L4

L9

Information Flow

I=1

I=1

Network

Trade-Off Analysis




1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 4004, 250

8, 450

6, 700

4, 400

3, 300

3, 450

a i b c 3 41 3002 400a 450 250i 450b 700c 400 300

Flow = Veh / Hr

Trade-Off Analysis: Link (a,b)

Time, Flow

1,3 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,3} = 271,3 = {1,a a,b b,c c,3} = 201,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,4} = 261,4 = {1,a a,b b,c c,4} = 192,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,3} = 262,3 = {1,a a,b b,c c,3} = 192,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,4} = 252,4 = {1,a a,b b,c c,4} = 18

O D Matrix3 4

1 200 1002 200 200




1

2

a

i

b c

3

4

6, 300

5, 400

8, 700

6, 700

4, 400

3, 300

3, 700

Trade-Off Analysis: Link (a,b)

a i b c 3 41 3002 400a 700 0i 700b 700c 400 300

Flow = Veh / Hr 1,3 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,3} = 271,3 = {1,a a,b b,c c,3} = 201,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,4} = 261,4 = {1,a a,b b,c c,4} = 192,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,3} = 262,3 = {1,a a,b b,c c,3} = 192,4 = {1,a a,i i,b b,c c,4} = 252,4 = {1,a a,b b,c c,4} = 18

O D Matrix3 4

1 200 1002 200 200

Avg. T = 2.5Min/Veh




Trade-Off Analysis: All Links

DisconnectLink

MarkDisconnected

Link i,j

ConnectLink

Go to NextLink i,j

LinkModeled

OutputPerformance All Links

Marked

StoreData

RunAlgorith

mshort/long

NO

YES

NO

YESAnalyzeOutputs




Trade-Off Analysis

Rail Lines

Bridges

Population

PowerPlants

ReliabilityOf Link

PipeLines

Water

Geographical Interdependencies




0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

System

System 412.2 268.0 479.6 383.8 402.5

Link a Link b Link c Link d Link e

DefinedLinks Link a Link b Link c Link d Link eLink 1 17.2 25.1 35.0 72.0 19.1Link 2 74.0 36.3 93.4 19.8 15.6Link 3 22.2 17.4 28.8 0.5 97.4Link 4 37.1 74.2 32.0 29.7 28.0Link 5 90.7 9.3 95.5 98.1 60.7Link 6 28.9 32.9 82.7 61.7 54.8Link 7 75.1 23.1 1.2 14.9 13.2Link 8 43.1 33.8 64.5 18.4 60.3Link 9 23.9 16.0 46.4 68.9 53.4System 412.2 268.0 479.6 383.8 402.5

Links in Network

Example of Model: Performance for a General Metric

OUTPUTS

Sum of Performance

, …,

Trade-Off Analysis




0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

350.0

400.0

450.0

500.0

(2, 11) (1, 11) (2, 12) (3, 14) (1, 12) (4, 7) (5, 6) (3, 8) (4, 8) (2, 5) (3, 8) (1, 2) (3, 5) (2, 4) (4, 5) (5, 8)

Example of Model

Links

Perf

orm

ance

Worst

Best

OUTPUTS

0 is threshold

k Links = {2,11}, …, {1,12}affecting the TransportationCI the most

Trade-Off Analysis




Validation and Verification

• SE Approach– Integrations Process– Verify and Validate Requirements

• Model– Small Network– Enumeration– Efficiency of Model

System Specification




Research Significance

• Contribution: This dissertation provides officials a decision-making methodology and tool for resource allocation and risk mitigation– Metrics that measure the performance of the

network given disconnects occurring– Ranking of k Links affecting the network the most




Research Significance

• Decision Making Methodology and Tool




Conclusion

• Transportation CI is important– To individuals’ way of life – To companies’ way of doing business

• Proposed a Methodology using a Mathematical Model to Determine Impact of k Links Disconnects have on the Defined Links of a Network for risk mitigation and resource allocation




Conclusion

• Research Significance– Society: A Methodology and Tool for Officials to

use in the Decision Making Process– Engineering:

• Systems Engineering Approach for Solving Complex Systems

• Efficient and Accurate Network Modeling for Large and Complex Systems

critical infrastructure protection in the transportation network

Documents

performance metrics

decisionmaking methodology

critical links

thresholdk links

modelproblem definition

j nl1l2l3l8l7l6l5l4l9i

companies way

risk mitigationmetrics