criminal justice today twelfth edition chapter criminal justice today: an introductory text for the...
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Criminal Justice TodayCriminal Justice TodayTwelfth EditionTwelfth Edition
CHAPTER
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Prison and Jails
13
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Chapter AgendaChapter Agenda
• Describe the history of punishment, concluding with its impact on the modern philosophy of corrections
• List major milestones in the historical development of prisons
• Describe the purpose and major characteristics of today’s prisons
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Chapter AgendaChapter Agenda
• Summarize the role jails currently play in American corrections and issues jail administrators face
• Describe the current and likely future roles of private prisons
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
Describe the history of punishment, concluding with its
impact on the modern philosophy of corrections
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
History of PunishmentHistory of Punishment
• Lex talionis• Flogging• Mutilation/amputation• Branding• Public humiliation• Exile• Workhouses
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
List major milestones in the historical development of prisons
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Prisons and JailsPrisons and Jails
• Humanitarian alternative to corporal punishment
• Earliest records of a prison are dated back to the middle ages
• Incarceration became a primary form of sentence for the poor
• Dr. Benjamin Rush, 1787
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
History of Prisons and JailsHistory of Prisons and Jails
• The Pennsylvania System, 1790• The Auburn System, 1819• The Reformatory Movement, 1877 • Industrial Era, 1890–1935• Punitive Era, 1935-1945• Treatment Era, 1945-1967• Community-based Treatment Era, 1967-
1980• Warehousing Era, 1980-1995
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
Describe the purpose and major characteristics of today’s prisons
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
The State Prison SystemThe State Prison System
• Classification system A system used by prison administrators to
assign inmates to custody levels based on offense history, assessed dangerousness, perceived risk of escape, and other factors
• Supermax security level• Maximum security level • Medium security level • Minimum security level
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
The Federal Prison SystemThe Federal Prison System
• Federal Bureau of Prisons Over 80 different types of federal
correctional facilities Ranging from supermax prisons to
minimum security prison farms
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
Summarize the role jails currently play in American corrections and issues jail
administrators face
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
The Just Desserts Era, 1995 - The Just Desserts Era, 1995 - PresentPresent
• A contemporary model of imprisonment in which the “just desserts” principle forms the underlying social philosophy A return to punishment as the root
purpose of imprisonment Imprisonment seen as fully deserved
consequence of crime An emphasis on individual responsibility A focus on limiting inmate privileges and
increase the pains of imprisonment
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
State PrisonsState Prisons
• One out of every four state institutions is a large, maximum security prison with a population approaching 1,000 inmates
• Profile of prisoners Low level of formal education Socially disadvantaged background. Lack of significant vocational skill. Most have served time in a juvenile
facility
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Current Uses for JailsCurrent Uses for Jails
• Receive individuals pending arraignment and those awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing
• Detain juveniles, mentally ill, and others pending transfer
• Release convicted inmates to the community upon completion of their sentence
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Current Uses for JailsCurrent Uses for Jails
• Transfer inmates to, or house inmates for, federal, state, or other authorities
• Operate community-based programs with day reporting, home detention, electronic monitoring, or other types of supervision
• Readmit probation, parole, and bail-bond violators and absconders
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
JailsJails
• There are 3,365 jails operating in U.S. • Approximately 207,000 jail employees• Average cost is $15,000 per year/ per
inmate• Most jails are designed to house 50 or
fewer inmates• 6% of the jails hold over 50% of the
prisoners
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
JailsJails
• Los Angeles County jail is the largest jail in the U.S 2008 daily average population 22,349
inmates(87% capacity)
• New York City jail is second largest 2008 daily average population of 19,554
inmates(71% capacity)
• Los Angeles & New York City together held 5.33% of all jail inmates in 2008
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Issues in Prisons TodayIssues in Prisons Today
• Pregnancy• Drug abuse• Overcrowding• Education level of inmates• Mental health issues
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
Describe the current and likely future roles of private prisons
Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 12eFrank Schmalleger
Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved
Private PrisonsPrivate Prisons
• Privatization• Prisons operated for state and federal
government by private enterprise for profit
• Numerous issues