CREATIVITY-INNOVATION-ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SOURCES: SCHAPER AND VOLERY(2004)

OLEH :

AMY S. RAHAYU

THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY & INNOVATION IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL

• CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF ENTREPRENEURIAL

• INNOVATION IS THE SPECIFIC INSTRUMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL

• INNOVATION HAS BECOME AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR MANAGERS WHO WANT TO ADOPT AN ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACH.

CREATIVITY

• CREATIVITY IS THE POINT OF ORIGINATION FOR INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL, IT CAN BE DEFINED AS THE PRODUCTION OF NEW AND USEFUL IDEAS

• CREATIVITY IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH INVENTION OCCURS

THE THREE COMPONENTS OF CREATIVITY

1. CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS REFER TO HOW PEOPLE APPROACH PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

2. KNOWLEDGE EXPERTISE OR KNOWLEDGE ENCOMPASSES EVERYTHING A PERSON KNOWS AND CAN DO

3. MOTIVATION KNOWLEDGE AND CREATIVE SKILL ARE A PERSON’S RAW MATERIAL THE PERSON’S NATURAL RESOURCES, BUT THE MOTIVATION IS DETERMINES WHAT PEOPLE WILL ACTUALLY DO

CREATIVITY TECHNIQUES

1. PROBLEM REVERSAL (pembalikan masalah)

2. FORCED ANALOGY (paksaan analogi)

3. ATRIBUTE LISTING (daftar atribut)

4. MIND MAP (peta pikiran)

5. BRAINSTORMING

FACTORS INFLUENCING CREATIVITY

ENCOURAGEMENT OF CREATIVITY

AUTHONOMY

RESOURCES

PRESSURESMENTAL BLOCKS

CREATIVITY

CREATIVITY INNOVATION = ?

INNOVATION

• IDEAS ARE NOT ENOUGH FOR INOVATION

• OFTEN THERE IS AN ASSUMPTION THAT CREATIVITY AUTOMATICALLY LEADS TO ACTUAL INNOVATION, BUT THIS NOT TRUE.

• IT IS THEREFORE IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THAT INNOVATION IS A MULTIDIMENTIONAL CONCEPT AND IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO REINVENT THE WHEEL TO BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR.

INCREMENTAL VS DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION

INCREMENTAL INNOVATION

• STEADY IMPROVEMENT

• BASED ON SUSTAINING TECHNOLOGIES

• OBEDIENCE TO CULTURAL ROUTINES AND NORMS

• CAN BE RAPIDLY IMPLEMENTED

• IMMEDIATE GAINS

• DEVELOP CUSTOMER LOYALTY

DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION

• FUNDAMENTAL RETHINK

• BASED ON DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

• EXPERIMENTATION AND PLAY

• NEED TO BE NURTURED FOR LONG PERIODS

• WORSE INITIAL PERFORMANCE

. POTENTIAL BIG GAINS

• CREATE NEW MARKETS

TYPE OF INCREMENTAL INNOVATION

• EXTENSION IMPROVEMENT OR NEW USE OF AN EXISTING PRODUCT,

SERVICE, OR PROCESS (PENGEMBANGAN PENGGUNAAN DESKTOP, LAPTOP,DLL)

• DUPLICATION CREATIVE REPLICATION OR ADAPTATION OF AN EXISTING

PRODUCT, SERVICE, OR PROCESS (FAST FOOD SPT. KFC, DLL)

• SYNTHESIS COMBINATION OF AN EXISTING PRODUCT, SERVICE, OR

PROCESS INTO A NEW FORMULATION OR USE (TELEPON + KAMERA + NOTE BOOK, DLL)

SOURCES OF INNOVATION

• UNEXPECTED OCCURRENCES • INCONGRUITIES• PROCESS NEEDS• INDUSTRY AND MARKET CHANGES • DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES• PERCEPTUAL CHANGES• NEW KNOWLEDGE

A PROCESS MODEL OF CREATIVITY, INNOVATION, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

CREATIVITY

*Production of new and useful ideas

*Discovery of opportunities

*Output : new ideas

INNOVATION

*Refining, evaluation and first materialisation of the new ideas

*evaluation of opportunities

*Output : prototype,patent, or business plan

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

*Creation of value in the market place

*exploitation of opportunities

*Output : New products, services, or new processes

Need in society & market place

Lates science & technology

DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

THE PROCESS, BROUGHT ABOUT BY INDIVIDUALS OF IDENTIFYING NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CONVERTING THEM INTO MARKETABLE PRODUCT OR SERVICES

THE FIELD OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP INVOLVES :

1). STUDY OF SOURCES OPPORTUNITIES

2). STUDY OF PROCESSES OF DISCOVERY, EVALUATION, AND EXPLOITATION OF OPPROTUNITIES

3). THE SET OF INDIVIDUALS WHO DISCOVER, EVALUATE AND EXPLOIT THOSE OPPORTUNITIES

THE KEY ELEMENTS OF ENTREPRENEURHIP

RESOURCES ORGANISATION

OPPORTUNITIES

THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ATTRACTS COMBINES

BUILDS MANAGES

RECOGNISESEVALUATESEXPLOITS

FIT

FOCUS

CONFIGURATION

ENVIRONMENT