creative problems solving - tools & techniques (a)
TRANSCRIPT
What is CPS? Why we need it? and How to apply?
Creative Problems Solving
“Imagination is more important than knowledge” -Albert Einstein
“Originality is simply a fresh pair of eyes.” - Woodrow Wilson
Quotes
CREATIVE Thinking vs CRITICAL Thinking
What is C P S?
Why do we need C P S ?
How to apply C P S tools ?
1 . Ho w d o w e make a b a l l po int pen w o r k i n a zer o gr av i t y env i r o nm e nt (space) ?
2 . W ho car es ? 3 . Spend $ M i l l i o ns 4 . Get f i r ed ! 5 . D o n’t go t o t he mo o n ! O r 6 . Change t he Pr o b lem 7 . Ho w d o w e w r i t e i n a zer o gr av i t y env i r o nm e nt ?
Creative Problems Solving
CRITICAL THINKING
The process we use to reflect on assess and judge the assumption underlying our own and others ideas and efforts.
CREATIVE THINKING
The process we use to develop ideas that are unique, useful and worthy of further elaboration
Quotes
CREATIVE Thinking vs CRITICAL Thinking
What is C P S?
Why do we need C P S ?
How to apply C P S tools ?
Creative Problems Solving
DESIGN THINKING
“A process of creative and critical thinking that allows information and ideas to be organized, decisions to be made, situations to be improved, and knowledge to be gained.”
- Charles Burnette
Quotes
CREATIVE Thinking vs CRITICAL Thinking
What is C P S?
Why do we need C P S ?
How to apply C P S tools ?
I t’s a mindset of combin ing creat i ve and analyt ica l th ink ing and apply ing i t toward
solv ing a spec i f ic problem.
RIGHT
CREATIVE
THINKING Generative Possibility Subjective Visual
LEFT
LOGICAL
THINKING Analytic
Probability Objective
Verbal
Creative Problems Solving
“a simple process that involves breaking down a problem to understand it, generating ideas to solve the problem and evaluating those ideas to find the most effective solutions”
Quotes
CREATIVE Thinking vs CRITICAL Thinking
What is C P S?
Why do we need C P S ?
How to apply C P S tools ?
P r o b l e m S o l v i n g D e c i s i o n M a k i n g
Critical
Thinking
• A n a l y z i n g • E v a l u a t i n g • R e a s o n i n g
New Ideas
Creative
Thinking
R i g h t L e f t
What is Creative Problems Solving?
• A process such as
brainstorming or lateral
thinking which improves your
ability to be creative and look at
problems in a fresh new way!
• State of mind that generates
new ideas unique to you.
• Free yourself from your strict
logical confines.
• Become illogical!
• Become flexible!
Lateral Thinking
BrainStorming
Strict Logical Confines
Become illogical
Creative Problems Solving
• Solve Problems! • Develop better solutions to
already implemented solutions.
• Prevent situations before they manifest (obvious, clear) themselves.
• Understand the ramifications (effects , outcomes) of our solutions.
• Unlearn that which we have already learned.
Quotes
CREATIVE Thinking vs CRITICAL Thinking
What is C P S?
Why do we need C P S ?
How to apply C P S tools ?
1 . L a z y m a n – s a v e T I M E a n d m a k e l i f e E A S I E R . 2 . T h r i f t y m a n – s a v e M O N E Y 3 . F a t m a n – H E L P m e g e t s l i m m e r q u i c k e r 4 . M e s s y m a n – s a v e S P A C E 5 . i m p o r t a n t t o i n t e l l e c t u a l a n d c u l t u r a l
e v o l u t i o n . 6 . r e d u c e s s t r e s s a n d k e e p s y o u h e a l t h y . 7 . i m p r o v e s e l f - c o n f i d e n c e a n d m a k e y o u a
m o r e i n t e r e s t i n g p e r s o n .
6 STEPS – CPS essential
• Identify the Goal, Wish or Challenge
• Gather Data
• Clarify the Problem
EXPLORE the
Challenge
• Generate Ideas
Generate IDEA
• Select & Strengthen Solutions • Plan for Action
Prepare for ACTION
Divergent Thinking Process
Defer Judgment
Strive For Quantity
Seek Wild & Unusual
Ideas
Build On Other Ideas
1. Whatever idea comes to mind, go with it.
2. Don’t evaluate ideas while you are generating them.
3. The ideas can be evaluated later.
Divergent Thinking Process
Defer Judgment
Strive For Quantity
Seek Wild & Unusual
Ideas
Build On Other Ideas
1. The more ideas you
have, the greater
chances of getting a
good one.
2. Lay out all the usual
approaches to the
problem, then push to
consider new ideas.
Divergent Thinking Process
Defer Judgment
Strive For Quantity
Seek Wild & Unusual
Ideas
Build On Other Ideas
1. Freewheel - the wilder the ideas the better.
2. It’s easier to tame a wild idea than to invigorate a weak one. (Osborn)
3. Stretch your thinking to create some wild ideas.
If at the first the idea is not absurd, there is no hope for
it” Albert Einstein
Divergent Thinking Process
Defer Judgment
Strive For Quantity
Seek Wild & Unusual
Ideas
Build On Other Ideas
1. Let one idea spur other ideas.
2. Build, combine and improve ideas.
Convergent Thinking Process
1. Be affirmative.
2. Be deliberate
3. Check your objectives
4. Improve ideas
5. Consider novelty
Divergent Thinking Process Convergent Thinking Process
Steven
Johnson
6 STEPS – CPS essential
• Identify the Goal, Wish or Challenge
• Gather Data
• Clarify the Problem
EXPLORE the
Challenge
• Generate Ideas
Generate IDEA
• Select & Strengthen Solutions • Plan for Action
Prepare for ACTION
6 STEPS – CPS essential
EXPLORE THE CHALLENGE :
I. State a variety of goals, wishes or challenges.
II. Choose a goal, wish or challenge where you have ownership, motivation and a need for imagination.
III. Explore all data around the goal, wish or challenge.
IV. Identify all the relevant data
V. Use Journalist’s questions 5Ws & 2Hs
a. Who…? What…? When…? Where…? Why…? How…? How much…?
VI. State the problem in as many ways as possible.
VII. Choose a problem statement to work on.
Identify the Goal, Wish or Challenge
Gather Data
Clarify the Problem
Generate Ideas
Select & Strengthen Solutions
Plan for Action
Convergent + Divergent
Will it work?
Can we do it?
Has it been tried before?
Does it fit in?
Have we got the resources?
Is the timing right?
Who can help?
How much will it cost?
Suppose it fails?
What if? Why not?
What associations can we find What rules can we break?
What assumptions are at work? What is this like?
What analogy could we use? What metaphor suggests itself?
Suppose the problem were a solution?
6 STEPS – CPS essential
• Think up a wide variety of ideas to solve the problem.
• Choose the most promising ideas.
Identify the Goal, Wish or Challenge
Gather Data
Clarify the Problem
Generate Ideas
Select & Strengthen Solutions
Plan for Action
6 STEPS – CPS essential Select & Strengthen Solutions • Evaluate and refine the ideas you
selected. • Select the most promising
solution(s). • Many similar ideas – Restate &
PPCO • One idea – PPCO • Diverse Ideas – Evaluation Matrix • Many ideas of equal worth – Card
Sort Plan for Action • List a series of possible actions for
implementation. • Form a specific plan for action.
• Select key actions to implement. • Create a plan that details who does
what, by when, reporting completion to whom.
Identify the Goal, Wish or Challenge
Gather Data
Clarify the Problem
Generate Ideas
Select & Strengthen Solutions
Plan for Action
Plan for Action
6 STEPS – CPS essential
Goals Action By Whom By When Reporting completion to whom
Immediate
Short
Medium
Long Term
TOOLS for Diverging&Converging
•Highlighting •Praise First (PPCO) •Card Sort •Evaluation Matrix
Converging
• Brainstorming • Brainwriting
• Forced Connections
• Visual Connections
• SCAMPER
• Ladder of Abstraction
• Word Dance
• Random Word
• Excursions
• Focus
• Alternatives
• Challenge
Diverging
www.mycoted.com
www.mindtools.com
TOOLS for Converging H
its Look for ideas that
are interesting, promising, compelling, intriguing, innovative or on target.
Mark or “hit” those ideas with a check, star or colored dot.
Clu
ster
From the hits, see if any share a theme or reiterate the same idea.
Group or “cluster” of those related ideas.
Res
tate
For each cluster, try to synthesize the different ideas into a single statement.
Try to capture the essence and paraphrase the ideas into one concise phrase.
1. 3 steps of HIGHLIGHTING
TOOLS for Converging P
luse
s What do you like about the person’s idea, work, proposal, or performance right now?
Be direct, honest and specific.
Po
ten
tia
ls
What opportunities might this idea open up?
It might…
Co
nce
rns Express your
concerns as open ended questions that offer a possible future direction.
How to…
. Ove
rco
me
Co
nce
rns Review your
list of concerns.
Brainstorm to generate ways to overcome each concern
.
2. Praise First (PPCO)
TOOLS for Converging
Tip
s Helps to compare, rank and prioritize promising ideas.
It can be used to rank ideas, solutions, problem statements or criteria
1. Write each idea on a separate card (3” x 5”) and arrange the cards in a row.
2. Count how many cards (ideas) you have.
3. Identify the option you like the least. Write the number that equals the total number of cards you have. Put the card off to the side.
4. Of the cards remaining, identify the option you like the best and write “1” on it. Put it off to the side.
3. CARD SORT
TOOLS for Converging
Way
s A systematic way to analyze ideas.
Directions:
• Generate Criteria
• Select Criteria
• Create a rating scale
• Set up the matrix
• Fill in the blank boxes
• Compare their strengths & weaknesses
• Overcome low criteria ratings
4. EVALUATION MATRIX
TOOLS for Converging
4. EVALUATION MATRIX
Option
1
Option
2
Option
3
Option
4
Option
5
Option6
Criteria 1
Criteria 2
Criteria 3
Criteria 4
Criteria 5
Rating Scale: VeryGood<5> Good <4> Fair<3> Poor<2> VeryPoor <1>
Explore The Challenge
1. Identify the Goal, Wish or Challenge.
2. Gather Data
3. Clarify the Problem
Generate Ideas
4. Generate Ideas
Prepare for Action
5. Select & Strengthen Solutions
6. Plan for Action
…summary
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L E T ’ S C H I L L O U T !
R I D D L E
Copyright@Alice 2010 35
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
You are driving along in your new red Porsche on a wild, stormy night. You pass by a bus stop, and you see three people waiting for the bus :
An old lady who looks as if she is about to die.
An old friend who once saved your life.
The perfect man (or) woman you have been dreaming about.
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
You could pick up the old lady, because she is going to die, and thus you should save her first; or
You could take the old friend because he once saved your life, and this would be the perfect chance to pay him back.
However, you may never be able to find your perfect dream lover again.
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
WHAT WOULD YOU DO ?
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
"I would give the car keys to my old friend, and let him take the lady to the hospital. I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the woman of my dreams."
Never forget to "Think Outside of the Box."
Copyright@Alice 2010 39
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING -OSBORNE-PARNES CPS PROCESS
OF FF PF IF SF AF
Objective
Finding
Fact
Finding
Problem
Finding
Idea
Finding
Solution
Finding
Acceptance
Finding
Identify Goal,
Wish,
Challenge
Gather Data Clarify the
Problem
Generate Ideas Select &
Strengthen
Solutions
Plan for Action
What is the goal,
wish, or
challenge upon
which you want
to work?
What's the
situation or
background?
What are all the
facts, questions,
data, feelings that
are involved?
What is the
problem that
really needs to be
focused on?
What is the
concern that
really needs to be
addressed?
What are all the
possible
solutions for how
to solve the
problem?
How can you
strengthen the
solution? How
can you select
the solutions to
know which one
will work best?
What are all the
action steps that
need to take
place in order to
implement your
solution?
Copyright@Alice 2010 41
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
Problem definition
Information
gathering
Problem Statement
Diverging
Converging
Explore the challenge
Identifying the goal,
wish, challenge
Gather data
Clarify the problem
Generating Ideas
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
1. PROBLEM DEFINITION Identify possible problem Define your problem - write out your problem concisely - make sure everyone understands the problem
and is in agreement with the way it is worded. - there is no need to put a lot of restrictions on
your problem at this point.
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
What would you like to get out of life?
What are your goals, as yet unfilled?
What would you like to accomplish, to achieve?
What would you like to have?
What would you like to do?
What would you like to do better?
What would you like to happen?
In what ways are you inefficient?
Copyright@Alice 2010 44
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING What would you like to organize in a better way?
What ideas would you like to get going?
What relationship would you like to improve?
What would you like to get others to do?
What takes too long?
What is wasted?
What barriers or bottlenecks exist?
What do you wish you had more time for?
What do you wish you had more money for?
What makes you angry, tense or anxious?
What do you complain about?
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM DEFINITION cont …
Determine the objective What is the goal, wish, or challenge upon which you want to
work?
- State the goal and aim that you wish to
achieve.
- What is that you wish to see changed?
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
Discuss the situations you are concerned about.
Brainstorm a list of objectives or goals (of problems or challenges) which you want to achieve
Focus on ONE objective or goal which you would like to attempt.
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM DEFINITION cont …
Example:
ABSENTEEISM (the challenge)
– attendance problem among the students
(problem definition)
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM DEFINITION cont …
Goal/Wish example:
I wish all students could be on time for lectures.
I would like to see that there is always full attendance in lectures and tutorials.
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
2. INFORMATION GATHERING What's the situation or background? What are all the
facts, questions, data, feelings that are involved?
- Nature of the problem identified via Survey (Questionnaire) Facts finding (Interview/Observation) to confirm that it is a challenge & issue that
needs further action for betterment.
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
INFORMATION GATHERING cont ...
Who is or should be involved?
What is or is not happening?
When does this or should this happen?
Where does or doesn’t this occur?
Why does it or doesn’t it happen?
How does it or doesn't it occur?
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT What is the problem that really needs to be focused on?
What is the concern that really needs to be addressed?
One principle of creative problem solving is that the definition of a problem will determine the nature of the solutions.
In this step it helps to begin each statement with "In what ways might we (or I)...." (IWWMW).
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING What is the real problem? What is the main objective?
What do you really want to accomplish?
Why do I want to do this?
- Restate the identified challenge into a workable problem
(has to be focused & specific)
Example: Attendance problem among first year UTHM
engineering students.
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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
I hear I forget
I see I remember
I do I understand
- Confucius
CPSEngineering