Creating Transit Route Maps Creating Transit Route Maps with ArcGISwith ArcGIS

Will ChesserWill Chesser

ESRI-Professional ServicesESRI-Professional Services

Redlands, CARedlands, CA

TopicsTopics

• Transit route map overviewTransit route map overview• Relevant ArcGIS Tools and ConceptsRelevant ArcGIS Tools and Concepts

– Linear Referencing and Dynamic SegmentationLinear Referencing and Dynamic Segmentation

– ArcGIS Schematics ArcGIS Schematics

– Cartographic RepresentationsCartographic Representations

– Network AnalystNetwork Analyst

• DemosDemos–Working with Linear Referencing in ArcGIS SchematicsWorking with Linear Referencing in ArcGIS Schematics

– Integrating ArcGIS Schematics and Cartographic RepresentationsIntegrating ArcGIS Schematics and Cartographic Representations

– Network Analyst routes ArcGIS SchematicsNetwork Analyst routes ArcGIS Schematics

Transit Route MapsTransit Route Maps

• Connectivity focusedConnectivity focused• Route details less importantRoute details less important• GeoschematicGeoschematic

– Stop’s geographic location is importantStop’s geographic location is important– Path to stops of lesser importancePath to stops of lesser importance

• SchematicSchematic– Station-to-stationStation-to-station– ‘‘What is next?’What is next?’– ‘‘How many stops until I get off?’How many stops until I get off?’

• Simplified geographySimplified geography– StopsStops– ConnectionsConnections– LandmarksLandmarks– Main streetsMain streets

• Path still critical for route generationPath still critical for route generation• Route may be multimodalRoute may be multimodal

– ‘‘Walk to bus stop, take bus to train terminal….’Walk to bus stop, take bus to train terminal….’

The Classic Transit Route MapThe Classic Transit Route Map

• London Underground – The TubeLondon Underground – The Tube• Early versions (c. 1906)-Geographically correctEarly versions (c. 1906)-Geographically correct• 1931 – Harry Beck-> Only topology (plus river!) matters1931 – Harry Beck-> Only topology (plus river!) matters

Further ExamplesFurther Examples

• Bus RoutesBus Routes• Airline RoutesAirline Routes

Route Map VariationsRoute Map Variations

• More ‘industrial’ versionsMore ‘industrial’ versions• Not for public audienceNot for public audience

– Single line diagramsSingle line diagrams

– Rail switching diagramsRail switching diagrams

ArcGIS for Transit RoutesArcGIS for Transit Routes

• Transportation dataTransportation data– Geometric networksGeometric networks

– Network datasetsNetwork datasets

– Linear referenced data (events and routes)Linear referenced data (events and routes)

• Key toolsetsKey toolsets– ArcGIS Schematics ExtensionArcGIS Schematics Extension

– Linear referencing and dynamic segmentationLinear referencing and dynamic segmentation

– Cartographic representationsCartographic representations

– Network Analyst ExtensionNetwork Analyst Extension

What is ArcGIS Schematics?What is ArcGIS Schematics?

• ArcGIS Desktop extensionArcGIS Desktop extension

What is ArcGIS Schematics?What is ArcGIS Schematics?

• ArcGIS Desktop extensionArcGIS Desktop extension• For applications concerned with:For applications concerned with:

– ConnectivityConnectivity

– RelationshipsRelationships

– InterdependencyInterdependency

What is ArcGIS Schematics?What is ArcGIS Schematics?

• ArcGIS Desktop extensionArcGIS Desktop extension• For applications concerned with:For applications concerned with:

– ConnectivityConnectivity

– RelationshipsRelationships

– InterdependencyInterdependency

• UtilizesUtilizes– Geometric NetworksGeometric Networks

(e.g., utility)(e.g., utility)

– Network datasets (e.g., transportation)Network datasets (e.g., transportation)

– Data with explicit connectivity (i.e. From/To node fields)Data with explicit connectivity (i.e. From/To node fields)

(e.g., social network, time diagrams)(e.g., social network, time diagrams)

– 33rdrd party APIs party APIs

Advantages of ArcGIS Schematics for TransitAdvantages of ArcGIS Schematics for Transit

• Integrate maps and schematicsIntegrate maps and schematics– Depict and analyze relationships of spatial and aspatial featuresDepict and analyze relationships of spatial and aspatial features

• Visualize complex relationshipsVisualize complex relationships– SimplifySimplify

– Organize and share informationOrganize and share information

– Analyze the relationships of elements in a spatial contextAnalyze the relationships of elements in a spatial context

Transportation ApplicationsTransportation Applications

• Create straight-line diagramsCreate straight-line diagrams– Generate subway, train, and bus routesGenerate subway, train, and bus routes

Rail Branch Straight Line DiagramRail Branch Geography

Transportation ApplicationsTransportation Applications

• Create straight-line diagramsCreate straight-line diagrams– Generate subway, train, and bus routesGenerate subway, train, and bus routes

• Update and create switching plansUpdate and create switching plans– Generate rail yard diagramsGenerate rail yard diagrams

Rail Yard Rail Yard Geography Rail Yard Diagram Yard Diagram

Transportation ApplicationsTransportation Applications

• Create straight-line diagramsCreate straight-line diagrams– Generate subway, train, and bus routesGenerate subway, train, and bus routes

• Update and create switching plansUpdate and create switching plans– Generate rail yard diagramsGenerate rail yard diagrams

• Consume network dataset analysisConsume network dataset analysis

Road ServiceArea

Hierarchical Service Area Diagram Service Area Diagram

Geo-SchematicGeo-SchematicService Area Diagram Area Diagram

Transportation ApplicationsTransportation Applications

• Create straight-line diagramsCreate straight-line diagrams– Generate subway, train, and bus routesGenerate subway, train, and bus routes

• Update and create switching plansUpdate and create switching plans– Generate rail yard diagramsGenerate rail yard diagrams

• Consume network dataset analysisConsume network dataset analysis• Metro mapsMetro maps

Other ApplicationsOther Applications

• Many applications beyond physical connectivityMany applications beyond physical connectivity– Depict flow through a non-physical networkDepict flow through a non-physical network

Other ApplicationsOther Applications

• Many applications beyond physical connectivityMany applications beyond physical connectivity– Depict flow through a non-physical networkDepict flow through a non-physical network

– Illustrate InterdependenciesIllustrate Interdependencies

Evaluate the impactof a late flightthrough flight

interdependencies

Flights, planes, cabin andcockpit crews scheduling

Linear ReferencingLinear Referencing

• Spatial data storage methodSpatial data storage method• Store positions (distance) along a measured linear featureStore positions (distance) along a measured linear feature• Associate multiple attributes about a line without splitting lineAssociate multiple attributes about a line without splitting line

Dynamic SegmentationDynamic Segmentation

• DefinitionDefinition– ‘‘Dynamic segmentation is the process of computing the map locations Dynamic segmentation is the process of computing the map locations

of events stored … in an event table using a linear referencing of events stored … in an event table using a linear referencing measurement system and displaying them on a map. The term measurement system and displaying them on a map. The term "dynamic segmentation" is derived from the concept that line features "dynamic segmentation" is derived from the concept that line features need not be … segmented each time an attribute value changes -- you need not be … segmented each time an attribute value changes -- you can "dynamically" locate the segment.can "dynamically" locate the segment.’’

• Edit, analyze, query attributes without affecting geometryEdit, analyze, query attributes without affecting geometry

Linear Referencing vs. ArcGIS SchematicsLinear Referencing vs. ArcGIS Schematics

• ArcGIS Schematics Paradigm:ArcGIS Schematics Paradigm:– Elements represent real-world objectsElements represent real-world objects

– Links based on to/from node topological relationshipsLinks based on to/from node topological relationships

– Relative position of and distance between features is meaninglessRelative position of and distance between features is meaningless

– Coordinate space fluctuatesCoordinate space fluctuates

• Linear Referencing Paradigm:Linear Referencing Paradigm:– Events represent measurements or qualities, not physical thingsEvents represent measurements or qualities, not physical things

– Events are route-basedEvents are route-based

– Events have no direct relationship to underlying features of the routeEvents have no direct relationship to underlying features of the route

– Distance is critical for placement of measuresDistance is critical for placement of measures

– Coordinate space is fixedCoordinate space is fixed

Linear Referencing vs. ArcGIS SchematicsLinear Referencing vs. ArcGIS Schematics

• Core elements in a linear referencing system are:– Route– Event measures

• Core elements in ArcGIS Schematics are:– Nodes– Links

• Schematics knows nothing about routes

• No direct relationship between events, lines, and routes in the data

• Must establish this relationship

Events Lines

CompriseFall Along

Routes

DEMO-Using Linear Referencing Data in SchematicsDEMO-Using Linear Referencing Data in Schematics

• Geoprocessing tool to relate events to links/edgesGeoprocessing tool to relate events to links/edges• XML Builder diagram generationXML Builder diagram generation

XML BuilderXML Builder

• Builders determine contents and connectivityBuilders determine contents and connectivity– Selection starts with map featureSelection starts with map feature– Custom trace functions and criteria definition for some diagramsCustom trace functions and criteria definition for some diagrams

• New at 9.3New at 9.3• Supported at 9.2 SP4Supported at 9.2 SP4• Facilitates schematic integration with 3Facilitates schematic integration with 3rdrd party tools (Maximo, party tools (Maximo,

Rail(x)ML, etc.)Rail(x)ML, etc.)• Custom XML External ComponentsCustom XML External Components

– Define additional criteriaDefine additional criteria– Contain customization to derive connectivity and content from 3Contain customization to derive connectivity and content from 3rdrd party API party API– GenerateGenerate– UpdateUpdate– Usually one per diagram typeUsually one per diagram type

Cartographic RepresentationsCartographic Representations

• Introduced at 9.2Introduced at 9.2• Apply rules for cartographic symbologyApply rules for cartographic symbology• Richer symbols and edit functionsRicher symbols and edit functions• Edit map placement without changing geographyEdit map placement without changing geography

The traditional ArcGIS symbology modelThe traditional ArcGIS symbology model

• Create symbologyCreate symbology– Symbol Property EditorSymbol Property Editor

• Assign symbologyAssign symbology– Symbol SelectorSymbol Selector

– Symbology tab functionsSymbology tab functions

• Store symbologyStore symbology– Style filesStyle files

– Layer files andLayer files andmap documents map documents

Bike Shop

BikeShops.lyr

Limitations of the traditional modelLimitations of the traditional model

• Constraints on symbol drawingConstraints on symbol drawing– Lack of tools for symbol creationLack of tools for symbol creation

and editingand editing

– Lack of tools to customize or vary patternsLack of tools to customize or vary patterns

• Imperfect solutions to symbol conflictImperfect solutions to symbol conflict– Edit or geoprocess spatial data OREdit or geoprocess spatial data OR

– Convert features to graphicsConvert features to graphics(break the data link)(break the data link)

• Few cartographic automationFew cartographic automationor quality control toolsor quality control tools• Symbology stored separately from geospatial dataSymbology stored separately from geospatial data

Representations: a new symbology modelRepresentations: a new symbology model

• Different architectureDifferent architecture– Symbology stored in the geodatabaseSymbology stored in the geodatabase– As feature class attributesAs feature class attributes

• Different software componentsDifferent software components– New interface and drawing toolsNew interface and drawing tools

for symbol creationfor symbol creation– New toolbar for interactive symbolNew toolbar for interactive symbol

placement and editingplacement and editing– Geoprocessing tools for managing symbologyGeoprocessing tools for managing symbology

• A different symbology rendering optionA different symbology rendering option– NotNot a new data object or file type! a new data object or file type!

Benefits of cartographic representationsBenefits of cartographic representations

• Better symbologyBetter symbology– Symbol creation and editing, micro control of patterns, geometric Symbol creation and editing, micro control of patterns, geometric

effects effects

– Create symbols more efficientlyCreate symbols more efficiently

• Do cartography and keep geometryDo cartography and keep geometry– Move and reshape features without changing geometryMove and reshape features without changing geometry

– Preserve topologies and networksPreserve topologies and networks

• Efficient information managementEfficient information management– Symbology stored in the geodatabaseSymbology stored in the geodatabase

• Better map production processBetter map production process– Everything happens in ArcGISEverything happens in ArcGIS

Multiple representations Multiple representations

• Feature classes can store more than one representation Feature classes can store more than one representation – Symbolize city differently for city employees and touristsSymbolize city differently for city employees and tourists

– Give different users different viewsGive different users different views

The same data represented two ways—both versions are stored in the data, not in map documents or layers.

DEMO-Cartographic Representations and ArcGIS DEMO-Cartographic Representations and ArcGIS SchematicsSchematics

• Paris MetroParis Metro

What is Network Analyst?What is Network Analyst?

•Extension for analyzing transportation Extension for analyzing transportation networksnetworks–Uses Network DatasetsUses Network Datasets–Five types of network analysisFive types of network analysis

Network Analyst extension

RouteRoute Closest FacilityClosest Facility

Service AreaService AreaOrigin-Destination (OD) Cost Matrix

Origin-Destination (OD) Cost Matrix

Vehicle Routing Problem

Vehicle Routing Problem

Network datasetsNetwork datasets

•Network designed for ArcGIS Network AnalystNetwork designed for ArcGIS Network Analyst•Built from simple featuresBuilt from simple features•Supports transportation modelingSupports transportation modeling•Source dataSource data–Geodatabase feature classesGeodatabase feature classes–ShapefilesShapefiles–StreetMap dataStreetMap data

•Pre-built network datasetPre-built network dataset

Multimodal exampleMultimodal example

local streetlocal street

exit pointsexit points

rail linerail line

Yellow bus stationYellow bus station

rail stationrail station

highwayhighway

Yellow bus lineYellow bus line

rampramp

Blue bus stationBlue bus station

walking pathwalking path

Blue bus lineBlue bus line

DEMO-Network Analyst and ArcGIS Schematics IntegrationDEMO-Network Analyst and ArcGIS Schematics Integration

• Paris route schematicParis route schematic

Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers