course outline session duration session 1 min 3hrs session

Australian Sailing Spinnakers – Symmetric Recommended Run Sheet (January 2019)

Course Objectives

The Keelboat Spinnaker Course can be broken into two parts, each with a duration of 6 hours minimum:

1) Spinnakers - Symmetric 2) Spinnakers - Asymmetric

NB: The Spinnaker Course can be conducted only utilising one of the above spinnakers, but the course must include an extended theory session focusing on the alternate spinnaker type not used. After completing the spinnaker course participants will be able to:

▪ Demonstrate an understanding of the difference between Symmetric and Asymmetric spinnakers; ▪ Demonstrate an understanding of the different crewing roles required when sailing with a spinnaker; ▪ Demonstrate the safety considerations when sailing with a spinnaker.

The symmetric course outcomes will be as follows:

Hoisting Can rig sheets, braces, halyards and control lines (tweekers) Can set up the pole Knows the correct pre-hoist procedure for attaching spinnaker Can hoist efficiently

Trimming Understands the importance of correct pole position and

height on all relevant points of sail Use sheet/control lines on all relevant points of sail

Gybing

Knows the correct procedure for end-for-end gybing

Dropping

Can set up a headsail prior to dropping spinnaker Understand different drop techniques Can stow spinnaker gear efficiently after drop

Skills and Techniques Can helm effectively on all relevant points of sail Understands optimum downwind angles for differing wind speeds/types of spinnaker Can helm whilst gybing Understands the importance of communication, preparation, teamwork and coordination

when using spinnakers

NOTES: i. Throughout this document it is expected that every instructor will follow the EDICP (Explanation, Demonstration, Imitation, Correction, Practise) methodology which has been taught throughout the ‘Instructor Course’. ii. Timings for courses are based upon an Instructor to Participant ratio of 1:4. iii. It is recommended that the majority of content is covered on the boat which maximises participant’s time on the water. Disclaimer: This recommended sequence of activities is a guide for instructors, which directly links to the Keelboat syllabus. It is the instructor’s responsibility to ensure the activities they run are suitable for

the conditions and specific group of participants at the time of running the accredited Learn to Sail course.

Course Outline

Session Duration

Session 1 Min 3hrs

Session 2 Min 3hrs

Total 6hrs* *12 hours is the suggested minimum time for the

entire Spinnakers course regardless of the type of spinnaker/s showcased.


TIME

LEARNING OUTCOMES; Participants will be able to / demonstrate

understanding of / demonstrate awareness of:

ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

Introduction to Centre, the Instructors and Symmetric Spinnaker course

(5min) • Use spinnaker’ terminology

• Rig a spinnaker (symmetric)

• Move a boat into ‘hoist/drop zone’

• Hoist, drop and stow a spinnaker

• Introduce yourself including your background in sailing. Outline plan for session – complete any outstanding paperwork including medical history, emergency contact, etc.

• Explain the spinnaker course can be divided into two parts; symmetric and asymmetric.

• Today is looking at the set up and managing a symmetric spinnaker.

• Take participants on tour of centre, highlighting hazards and how to avoid them. Identify change rooms, toilets and evacuation meeting point/s.

• Centre map, highlighting evacuation plan.

• AS Keelboat pathway

• Introductory Keelboat (IK) text book

• Participant list

Icebreaker/Introductory Activity

(10min)

• Briefly outline their level of experience and learning expectations.

• Participants to discuss the following questions and present their experiences to the rest of the group.

• What do participants know about spinnakers / past experience with spinnakers?

• What do they want to learn from this course?

• Where to next?

Whiteboard & Pens

Safety Briefing – on / near boat

(15min) • safety procedure and what to do in an emergency

• Identify potential hazards

• Provide Safety briefing of facilities and boat.

• Reconfirm MOB procedure.

• Safest way to handle a spinnaker in an emergency situation is to ease sheet and halyard.

• Remind group to always wear a lifejacket and appropriate clothing for the weather, including gloves.

• Re-assure participants that the boat can be depowered and steered to improve stability under spinnaker.

• Page 62 IK – (Weather)

• www.bom.gov.au

• Page 71 IK (Warm Up exercises in preparation for sailing)

• Activity Card 1 (Safety Briefing)

http://www.bom.gov.au/



TIME




Symmetric Spinnaker and Asymmetric Spinnaker differences

(20min) • Differences between types of spinnakers (symmetric and asymmetric).

NB: - This is to be extended should the club delivers the course utilising only one spinnaker type.

• Participants to pull out each spinnaker sail to identify differences.

• Participants learn how to pack a spinnaker.

• Activity Card 8

• Symmetric spinnaker

• Asymmetric spinnaker

Rigging a Symmetric Spinnaker

(30min) • Sailing terms specifically associated with Symmetric spinnakers.

• Set up a symmetric spinnaker.

• Explain specific parts of a boat required for spinnaker use and review symmetric spinnaker terminology.

• Correct method for setting up a symmetric spinnaker (EDICP).

• Assign each participant a role allowing each to rig the spinnaker.

• This activity is recommended prior to attaching any working sails on the boat (where possible).

NB:

- Where possible set the spinnaker pole for a port

rounding (most common).

- This is known as ‘starboard pole’.

• Activity Card 9

• Activity Card 13

• Symmetric Spinnaker

• Spinnaker Pole

• Boat fully equipped

Hoisting and Dropping Symmetric spinnaker – moored

(20min)

• Hoist and drop a symmetric spinnaker.

• Demonstrate the procedure to hoist and drop a symmetric spinnaker.

• Rotate people through positions, hoisting and dropping symmetric spinnaker using (EDICP).

NB: - There are risks in doing this exercise, (check weather) and use a small training spinnaker. - Ensure Participants are instructed on how to depower a spinnaker.


• Symmetric spinnaker or small training kite

• Activity Card 12 (Depowering)


TIME




Rig boat for sailing

(10min) • Rig boat for sailing

• Main Sail

• Safety Equipment

• Jib / Sheets

• Life Ring

Sailing Activity – Spinnaker Set Up / Hoist / Drop

(1 hour)

• Set up, hoist, drop and pack a symmetric spinnaker.

• Correct and safe method of set up/hoist/drop and pack spinnaker.

• Rotate participants through positions ensuring that everyone is comfortable in their roles.

• Recommend Instructor to helm throughout initial demonstration

NB: - Practise ‘pole up’, ‘pole down’ while sailing upwind (minimise heel) - Make sure the jib sheets are behind the bag/hatch when dropping the spinnaker. - Allow enough time to drop the spinnaker before coming up.



• Supplementary Spinnaker Handout Notes

Debrief (10min)

• Review key messages.

• Preview next session (gybing).

• Provide a general overview of the session focusing on participant’s successes and problem areas.

• Recommend reading: pg 20 – 21 – Gybing and Accidental Gybes pg46 – Gybing Step By Step pg 53 – Gybing Angles

• AS Keelboat Syllabus & logbook

• Introductory Keelboat Textbook


TIME




Review and Recap

(5min)

• Review previous session

• Hoist – Drop Zone (leading in to ‘gybe zone’)


• Introductory Keelboat Text

• Page 20 – 21 - Gybing Page 46 – Gybing step by step

3 – Gybing angles

• Whiteboard

Introduction to gybing a symmetric spinnaker

(15min) • Principles of ‘gybing’.

• Gybing with a spinnaker.

• Outline plan for session

• Ask participants to explain the difference between tacking and gybing

• Refer to Activity Card #2 (Gybing Downwind)

• Introduce the gybe


• Activity Card 2 (Gybing)

• Whiteboard

• Magnetic Boats

Safety Briefing – on/near boat

(10min) • Safety and what to do in an emergency

• Potential hazards

• Provide day specific safety briefing

• Remind what is required if anyone goes overboard.

• Safest way to handle a spinnaker in an emergency situation (a gust of wind).

• Remind group to always wear a lifejacket and weather appropriate clothing including gloves.

• Weather Briefing

• Page 62 IK - (Weather)

• www.bom.gov.au

• Page 71 IK – (Warm up exercises in preparation for sailing)

•

Gybing - moored

(30min) • Gybing Steps (End-for-End)

• Explain steps involved

• Participants to practice The End-for-End gybe in preparation to go out on the water.

NB: - Recommend this activity prior to attaching any working sails on the boat (where possible).


• Symmetric spinnaker or small training kite/triangular rope




TIME




Rig boat for sailing

(10min) • Allocate roles for Gybing

• Rig boat for sailing

• Main Sail

• Safety Equipment

• Jib / Sheets

• Life Ring

Sailing Activity - Gybing Symmetric Spinnaker

(1 hour) • How to gybe a symmetric spinnaker.

• Clear Communication

• Defined Roles

• Correct and safe method of gybing spinnaker

• Recommend Instructor to helm throughout initial demonstration

• Rotate participants through positions ensuring everyone is comfortable in their roles.

NB: - Steer a broad reach angle (safest) - Gybe should be executed with a slow entry and exit


• Activity Card 2


Safety Considerations sailing under spinnaker

(40min)

• Communication protocols on board a vessel.

• Correct action to be taken in an emergency situation.

• Be conservative with spinnaker trim (de-power)

• Be aware of wind shifts and changes in strength and direction

• Effective depowering techniques

• Ensure the halyard has been run and is able to be released in the event of a wipeout.


• Symmetric spinnaker or small training kite/triangular rope

Debrief

(10min) • Identify the key elements for each of the skills learnt in the session.

• Provide general overview of the session focusing on participant’s success and problem areas.

• Provide participants with information on the next steps

• AS Syllabus & Logbook

2. GYBING 4. HOIST (SYMMETRICAL)HELM POLE UP

Looks around to ensure it is clear Brace to beakSays "Prepare to gybe" Bow calls" Topping lift up", as pole pushed out & forward

CREW Attach beak to mastMainsheet prepares to pull main in all the way Snug down kicker

Trimmer #1 uncleats jib Confirm windward tweeker on, leeward tweeker offTrimmer #2 prepares winch Spinnaker out on the deck (Halyard) forward

of spreaders, hold ready for "hoist"SPINNAKER ON DECK

HELM Pre-feed brace (as much as is safe for conditions)Visually checks crew is prepared to gybe Windward tweeker on

Says "Ready to gybe" Leeward tweeker offCREW Leeward spinnaker sheet free to run

If ready, respond "Ready to gybe" BEAR AWAY TO HOIST - DROP ZONEHELM Main sheet eased

Says "Gybing" Calls for hoistBegins to pull tiller towards self HOIST

HELM & CREW Spinnaker halyard to top of the mastSpinnaker clew to pole & brace pole back - parallel

to boomMainsheet changes side, taking mainsheet SHEET ON

CREW Trim spinnakerMainsheet is released to a 'set' point Check pole height (Topping lift adjust?)

Trimmer #1 releases jib, Trimmer #2 pulls on jib Firm up kickerHELM JIB DOWN

Release jIb halyard, trim jib sheet (to keep jib on boat)

HELM & CREW Looking backwards and calling windOnce boat is aimed on course, trim sails

Jan-19

Racing Instructor

Keelboat Spinnakers

(Symmertical)

www.sailingresources.org.au

When changing sides, face the bow, change hands on the tiller behind back


Any other crew prepare themselves to move across boat

As boom changes side (gybe takes place), helm and crew change sides

Wet-Notes

5. DROP (SYMMETRICAL) 3. MAN OVERBOARD (MOB) 1. TACKINGJIB UP ANYONE ONBOARD THAT SEES THE INCIDENT HELM

Check spinnaker halyard is free to run Shout "MAN OVERBOARD!" + point to person in water Looks around to ensure it is clear to tack

Release (loosen) jib sheets and hoist jib CREW (designated spotter) Says "Prepare to tack"

BEAR AWAY TO HOIST/DROP ZONE Continues to point to MOB CREWMain sheet eased Position self in middle of boat, so helm can see Mainsheet prepares to ease main

DROP CREW or HELM (not spotter) Trimmer #1 uncleats jibPull leeward tweeker into boat Deploy flotation device Trimmer #2 prepares winch

Gather in two-thirds of spinnaker foot (that is, HELMbehind mainsail) Bring boat head to wind

"Ready to drop?" Release (first) the brace and Heave-to (slows the boat) HELMCall for the halyard to be released "Drop" CREW Visually checks crew is prepared to tackOn "Drop" call release spinnaker halyard Continue to trim sails. Jib is backed. Says "Ready to tack"

Ensure halyard runs freely HELM CREWPOLE AWAY Head on beam to broad-reach for 2-3 lengths If ready, respond "Ready to tack"

Release the downhaul (kicker) Sail nearly dead downwind. Centre main. HELMRelease the pole from the mast CREW Says "Tacking" and pushes tiller away

Stow pole - Bow call "Topping lift down" Tension jib sheets and Drop Jib CREWDouble-check jib sheets Keep mainsail centred (or nearly so) Mainsheet is uncleated

Call "Clear to tack" HELM Trimmer #1 releases jibTidy up spinnaker sheets Hold downward course until MOB is abaft of beam Trimmer #2 pulls on jib

(nothing dragging over the side of the boat) HELM & CREW HELM & CREWGybe. Ease main as needed

Helm / crew change sides to balance boat.HELM Mainsheet changes side, taking mainsheet

Approach MOB on close-reach (45-60 degrees) HELMLine up MOB between shouds and lowers

CREWTrim sail for speed HELM & CREW

OTHER CREW Once boat is on course, trim sailsPrepares lasso, in case MOB is not picked up

CREWEstablish contact - Effect recovery on the windward sidewww.sailingresources.org.au

Any other crew prepare themselves to move across boat

When changing sides, face the bow, change hands on the tiller behind back

As boom changes side, helm and crew change sides


6. GYBE (SYMMETRICAL)PREPARE TO GYBE

Looks around to ensure it is clearHelm says "Prepare to gybe"

Ease off pole downhaul / kickerPre-set tweekers

Get in position to gybe the pole (Bow)

Brace body against the mast"Ready to gybe?" (Helm)

"Ready" (Crew)GYBE

"Gybing" (Helm)Slowly turn the boat away from the windRotate the kite as the boat bears away

(brace back, ease sheet 1/2M-1M)

Release spinnaker pole from mast and sheetGybe the mainsail

Attach spinnaker pole beak to new bracePush the spinnaker pole forward and out

and 'attach to mast 'Call "Made"(Bow)Re-set the pole downhaul / kicker

TRIMMINGSteer required course for next destination

("Coming up / Bearing away" - Helm)Trim brace and sheet for correct point of sail


7. TRIMMING + DEPOWERINGTrim

Steer required course for next destination('Coming up / Bearing away') - Helm

Trim brace and sheet to correct points of sailAdjust trim when responding to gusts and direction

To Depower Helm Calls;Tweakers ON

Vang ON

Sheet ON

Helm steers up slightly to stabilise boatHelm - Watch top of mast,

steer to place hull of boat under mast head


Spinnakers need to be depowered in strong winds. Concise, loud and direct communication is often

required to effect reduced power in the spinnaker.

By the end of this activity participants will be able to identify and pack a Symmetric and an Asymmetric Spinnaker.

Session plan

Introduction Spinnaker Debrief

5 mins 10 mins 5 mins

Activity Equipment/ Resources

Learning Methods

Spinnaker Identification– Lay out both spinnakers.

Symmetric Spinnaker and/or Asymmetric spinnaker (Figure 1&2)

Instructor to explain parts of each type of spinnaker. Note basic differences.

1. Head, 2. Luff, 3. Leech, 4. Tack / Clew, 5. Foot.

Packing a Spinnaker

Symmetric and Asymmetric Spinnaker and bag

Lay spinnaker out flat. Locate centre point of foot gathering the bulk. Gather and stuff into bag until you reach each clew. Both clews remain outside of the bag. Pull luff tapes and stuff into bag taking care not to twist, working from foot to head. Secure bag leaving head and clews on top.

Time Trial Game (Extension Activity)

Symmetric and Asymmetric Spinnaker and bag Stopwatch

If time permits, have participants see who can pack the spinnaker into the bag the fastest and most effectively. (Neat and tidy). Using multiple spinnakers and bags, you can create a competition.

1. Symmetric and Asymmetric differences

2. Spinnaker terminology

3. How to pack a spinnaker into a bag

Activity Card 8 - Spinnaker Types & Terminology

Figure 1: Asymmetrical

Figure 2: Symmetrical

Activity Card 8 - Spinnaker Types & Terminology

By the end of this activity participants will be able to rig a Symmetric Spinnaker with a pole on the boat at the dock.

Session plan

Introduction Rigging Debrief



Learning methods

Introduction

Figure 3: Set-Up Review parts of boat and rig, discuss sequence of

set-up.

Rigging for a Symmetric Spinnaker

Boat (on dock) Symmetric Spinnaker Spinnaker Pole

Prepare the sheets - Run through blocks, including tweakers. - Ensure sheets run outside everything. - Set up for port hoist (to match Figure 3)

Prepare the spinnaker - Attach the spinnaker sheets to the two

clews. - Attach the spinnaker halyard to the head. - Check running of halyard and sheets

before hoist. Prepare the spinnaker pole

- Attach the topping lift and downhaul/

kicker – pole beak up.

- Put the spinnaker brace in the pole beak.

NB: Set up for port hoist, starboard pole is

recommended for most racing.

Debrief

Review parts of boat, rig terminology and sequence of boat set-up.

1. Rigging Terminology

2. Correct preparation for running a spinnaker.

3. Rig spinnaker lines outside everything.

Activity Card 9 - Rigging Symmetric Spinnakers

Figure 3: Set-Up

TIP: Set up for port hoist

(Starboard pole)

Activity Card 9 - Rigging Symmetric Spinnakers

NB: Clarify the names of the sheet/brace and

clew/tack change when on port.

By the end of this activity participants will be able to safely set up, hoist and drop a symmetrical spinnaker.

Session plan

Intro Spinnaker Debrief



Learning methods

Clarify and allocate roles for hoist and drop

Rigged Boat (on dock) Recommend small training spinnaker (or triangular rope) Instructor Notes

Hoist Sequence

Drop Sequence

- Pole Up - Spinnaker prep - Bear Away to

hoist / drop zone - Hoist - Sheet On - Jib Down

- Prepare halyard for drop - Jib Up - Bear Away to hoist / drop

zone - Brace Off - Drop - Pole Down

NB: Ensure each crew person has been assigned roles prior to execution. Communication is KEY.

Hoist / Drop Spinnaker (on dock)

As above Run through hoist and drop sequences (see over)

whilst at dock or mooring;

On water hoist and drop

As above Run through set, hoist and drop sequence on water

and rotate roles. Activity sequence:

1) Sailing upwind, discuss/review roles for

hoist/drop

2) Sail downwind, practice hoist/drop, repeat

3) If time permits, extension activity can be to

sail downwind, hoist, power-up, then sail

downwind, drop. Repeat

NB: Emphasis is to practice the hoist and drop, not

trimming the spinnaker.

1. Clarify and allocate roles

2. Hoist/Drop Zone

3. Communication is key.

Activity Card 10 - Hoist & Drop Spinnaker

TIP: Practice ‘Pole up’ ‘Pole down’ while sailing upwind.

Allow enough time on downwind leg to

drop spinnaker

Figure 4: Hoist/ Drop Zone

Activity Card 10 - Hoist & Drop Spinnaker

www.sailing.org.au www.yachting.org.au

NOTE: Purpose of activity is to practice the ‘Hoist and Drop’,

rather than trimming the spinnaker.

By the end of this activity participants should be able to gybe a symmetric spinnaker.

Session planner

Intro Gybing a Symmetric

Spinnaker Debrief

15 mins 160 minutes 5 mins


Learning methods

Clarify and allocate roles for gybe

Rigged Boat Recommend small training spinnaker (or triangular rope) Figure 6 + 11 (Gybe illustration)

Explain Gybe Sequence (fig 6.) on dock or on water depending on conditions and location.

Gybing As above Run through Gybe sequence (Fig 6) on water.

Ensure each crew person has been assigned

roles prior to execution. Communication is KEY.

Teaching Tips ➢ Consider gybing ‘pole only’ (no spinnaker up) to practise first. ➢ Sheet in as gust approaches (you may need to ease for gybe)

➢ Lower tweakers/ pole in strong wind conditions

1. Preparation 2. Sequence of steps needed to

complete a gybe. 3. Communication is key.

Activity Card 11 - Gybing Symmetric Spinnakers

Figure 11: Gybing

When Helm calls “Ready to

Gybe”, the crew get into position

and calls “Ready”.

When Helmsman calls “Gybing”

the Bow disconnects the pole

from mast and spinnaker sheet.

The Bow connects pole to the

new brace, pushes pole forward

and out.

Bow attaches pole to mast and

then yells “Made”.

“Ready!”

“Gybing!

”

“Made!

”

“Coming Up”

“Ready to Gybe”

“Brace Back.”

TIP: This activity can be

explained whilst ‘hove-to’, in the

pen or during non-spinnaker gybes.

Figure 6: Gybing

Activity Card 11 - Gybing Symmetric Spinnakers

By the end of this activity participants should be able to effectively depower spinnakers.

Session planner

Intro Depowering Techniques Debrief

15 mins 40minutes 5 mins


Learning methods

Allocate roles and clarify equipment

Rigged Boat Recommend small training spinnaker

Explain that a boat under spinnaker can be depowered by adjusting the;

• Vang

• Tweakers

• Spinnaker sheet

• Main Sheet

• Steering

Depowering As above Sail the boat on all downwind points of sail and trial

each depowering technique.

Each step is initiated by Helm saying;

“Vang on/off”

“Tweakers down/up”

“Sheets on/off”

“Coming up. Holding” (Steering the boat up)

“Bearing Away, Pole Back, Ease Sheet.”

**Helm can watch the mast tip and steer the hull of the boat under the head of the mast. NB: To depower when

• reaching ease the spinnaker sheet

• running trim spinnaker sheet on

Communication As above Spinnakers need to be depowered in strong winds.

Concise, loud and direct communication often

required to effect reduced power in the spinnaker.

1. All Spinnakers can be depowered 2. Communication comes from Helm 3. Coming up slightly provides

stability

Activity Card 12 - Depowering Spinnakers

TIP: Get participants to

watch the bow. Faster

movement requires

more rapid trimming.

Activity Card 13 - Spinnaker Terminology

By the end of this activity participants should be comfortable with terminology used in relation using and dropping/hoisting spinnakers.

Session planner

Intro Terminology Debrief

5 mins 40 minutes 5 mins


Learning methods

Allocate positions

Rotate participants through all positions on water or ‘mentally rehearse’ listing terms on white board.

White board in Training room / Boat in Pen

Using EDICP to demonstrate/ review safe techniques and the communication required for the following;

• Hoist & Drop

• Gybe

• Types of drops

NB: At some point participants may ask for a list of terms. (to refer to and review) Options are for them to photograph white board notes / this activity card.

Hoist As above Helm “Pole Out”

“Bearing away.”

“Hoist, Tack On”

“Trim” (Once fully hoisted)

“Coming up”

Drop As above Helm “Jib Up”

“Ready to Drop”

“Gybe.”

“Drop!”

Gybe

As above

Helm “Ready to Gybe.”

“Gybe”

“Sheet On.”

“Coming Up/Holding Course”

Types of Drop

As above Helm “Windward/Leeward”

“Gybe/Mexican/Kiwi”

“Letterbox/Back Hatch”

1. Thorough preparation

2. Use correct terminology

3. Communication is key


Learning methods

Allocate positions White board in Training room / Boat in Pen

Using EDICP to demonstrate safe techniques and the communication required for the following;

• Hoist + Drop

• Gybe

• Types of Drop

Hoist As above Helm “Pre-set pole”

Bow “Topper up”

Bow “On”

Helm “Bearing away, Hoist.” “Brace back.”

Bow “Completed”(Once fully hoisted)

Helm “Trim”

Drop As above Helm “Jib up”

“Ready to drop”

“With Pole, Port”

“Drop!” (Halyard + Brace)

Gybe

As above

Plus Activity Cards 11 and 11A

Helm “Ready to gybe. Brace back”(Ease sheet)

Helm “Trip”(Pole off. Boom Across)

Bow “Made”

Helm “Coming up.”

Crew “Gust in two!”(Boat lengths)

Helm “Bearing away/Coming up/Holding course”

Types of Drop

As above Helm “With Pole, Port”

“With Pole, Starboard”

“Float Drop, Port”

“Float Drop, Starboard”

**Port / Starboard refers to the side of the boat the

spinnaker will come down on.

Gust Response

As above Helm “Windward tweaker down” (Both if running deep)

“Wind it on. (Sheet) Holding” (to depower)

“Vang on.”

“Coming up, Pole Forward.”

Helm “Bearing Away, Pole Back, Ease Sheet.”

(Stabilise by placing hull under spinnaker head)

Activity Card 13 - Spinnaker Terminology

TIP: Get participants to

watch the bow. Faster movement requires

more rapid trimming.

Next Step: Once participants are comfortable, instruct

them to close their eyes and repeat the communications in various positions.

course outline session duration session 1 min 3hrs session

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