PL

COUNTRYPROFILE POLAND

IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2020, Digital 2020, Talent 2019: summaries

WORLD COMPETITIVENESSRANKING 2020

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

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BASIC FACTSCapital

Land area (square km '000) 3132019

Exchange Rate (per $) 3.8392019

Population - market size (millions) 38.382019 22

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 589.92019 22

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 33,5382019 38

Real GDP growth (%) 4.12019 11

Consumer price inflation (%) 2.312019 39

Unemployment rate (%) 3.302019 9

Labor force (millions) 17.022019 24

Current account balance (% of GDP) 0.472019 33

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 231.82018 22

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 2.552019 24

PEER GROUPS RANKINGSEUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL

POLANDOVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank

Warsaw

CHALLENGES IN 2020Covid-19 crisis management: the implementation of the “anti-crisis

shield”.

SGH Warsaw School of Economics, World Economy Research

Institute, Collegium of World Economy

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

33

3834

38 39

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2216

53

35

13

40

52

3944

3226

46 43 41

49

38 3730

41

31

Dom

estic

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Inte

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iona

l Tra

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Inte

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Empl

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Pric

es

Publ

ic F

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Tax

Polic

y

Inst

itutio

nal F

ram

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k

Busi

ness

Leg

isla

tion

Soci

etal

Fra

mew

ork

Prod

uctiv

ity &

Effi

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cy

Labo

r M

arke

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Fina

nce

Man

agem

ent

Prac

tices

Att

itude

s an

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Basi

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Tech

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Scie

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Hea

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Educ

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Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure

21 25 22 25 26

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

13 15 13 16 15

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

• Covid-19 crisis management: the implementation of the “anti-crisis shield”.

• Deployment of innovative digital technologies and improvement of connectivity.

• Broader and easier access to healthcare: remote medical care.• Enhancing digital skills to boost employability from home.• Stable, predictable and user-friendly legislation.

Provided by:SGH Warsaw School of Economics, World Economy Research Institute, Collegium of World Economy

IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2019

WCY 2020 DECLINES

WCY 2019

1.2.02 Current account balance -0.74 0.47 2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) -0.38

1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth 7.26 15.72 1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 1.60

2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.067 0.012 4.4.23 Environment-related technologies 0.36

4.3.18 Number of patents in force 12.2 17.2 1.4.04 Employment - long-term growth 4.11

4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 7.74 10.60 3.2.14 Labor force long-term growth -1.46

4.3.07 Total R&D personnel per capita 3.16 4.22 2.4.07 Government subsidies 0.43

2.1.11 Pension funding 2.39 3.05 2.2.09 Consumption tax rate 18.00

4.3.10 Researchers in R&D per capita 2.5 3.1 4.1.07 Population - growth -0.06

1.2.12 Exports of commercial services ($bn) 59.21 72.00 2.5.12 Unemployment rate - gender ratio 1.00

4.3.05 Business expenditure on R&D (%) 0.67 0.80 1.1.14 Real GDP growth 5.1

4.4.04 Health infrastructure 2.97 3.56 1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita 5.16

4.3.02 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 1.03 1.21 3.3.07 Regulatory compliance (banking laws) 6.55

4.5.10 Student mobility inbound 1.42 1.66 2.4.12 New business density 1.7

3.2.21 Brain drain 4.27 4.95 3.3.16 Credit 6.42

4.4.26 Pollution problems 3.79 4.37 3.2.20 Attracting and retaining talents 6.06

COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS

POLANDCOMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION

-0.74

-1.99

0.55

23.00

-0.07

1.20

4.1

5.60

The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are

determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.

WCY 2020

5.32

KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORSFrom a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key

attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses

to the lowest.

2.31

0.21

2.61

4.18

5.60

1.4

13.8%16.9%18.5%18.5%18.5%21.5%21.5%24.6%26.2%29.2%30.8%41.5%56.9%61.5%63.1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Quality of corporate governanceCompetency of government

Policy stability & predictabilityCompetitive tax regime

Strong R&D cultureEffective legal environment

Reliable infrastructureBusiness-friendly environment

Open and positive attitudesAccess to financing

Effective labor relationsCost competitivenessHigh educational level

Dynamism of the economySkilled workforce

WORLD COMPETITIVENESSDIGITAL RANKING 2020

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

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Alpha AlphaLabelBeta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2

6.5 4 4 2 28.5 4 4 2 211 4 4 2 2

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

38 37 36 33 32

27 32 33 33 30

36 39 37 37 37

51 39 37 33 35

OVERALL

Future readiness

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS

EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS

Technology

DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL

POLAND

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years

Knowledge

38 37 36 33 3233

38

34

38 39

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Digital

Competitiveness

26 26 25 22 21

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

14 14 13 13 12

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

30 29 32 28

37 46 36 2332

35 29 33 38

Knowledge Talent Training & education Scientific concentration

Technology Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework

Future readiness Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integrationThe direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined

Overall Factors Sub-Factors

N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.

u Overall top strengths

w Overall top weaknesses

Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202017 28 30 28 29

22 23 35 35 32

39 40 38 31 28

Talent Rank Rank Rank

u Educational assessment PISA - Math 9 22 33 International experience 35 25 33 Foreign highly-skilled personnel 45 30 25 Management of cities 35 32 u 14 Digital/Technological skills 43 37 36 Net flow of international students 27 34 35 16

Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202045 47 46 45 46

32 32 32 38 36

39 39 37 30 23

Regulatory framework Rank Rank Rank

w Starting a business 54 27 45 Enforcing contracts 39 35 42w Immigration laws 46 34 u 3w Development & application of tech. 48 35 38 Scientific research legislation 41 29 27 Intellectual property rights 36 44 36

Subfactors 2016 2017 2018 2019 202051 38 33 37 29

55 45 40 28 33

41 41 40 36 38

Adaptive attitudes Rank Rank Rank

u E-Participation 9 42 23 Internet retailing 33 19 w 51u Tablet possession 8 25 46 Smartphone possession 43 22 36w Attitudes toward globalization 54 43 40

Training & education Scientific concentration

Talent

Robots in Education and R&D

IT integration

Business agility IT integration

Scientific concentration

Capital Technological framework

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

POLAND

FUTURE READINESS

TECHNOLOGY

Technological framework

Opportunities and threats E-GovernmentWorld robots distribution Public-private partnerships

IT & media stock market capitalization Communications technology

Regulatory framework

Capital

KNOWLEDGE

Entrepreneurial fear of failure

Agility of companies Cyber securityUse of big data and analytics Software piracyKnowledge transfer

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

Venture capital Internet bandwidth speedInvestment in Telecommunications High-tech exports (%)

Funding for technological development Mobile Broadband subscribersBanking and financial services Wireless broadbandCountry credit rating Internet users

Training & education

Employee training Total expenditure on R&D (%)Total public expenditure on education Total R&D personnel per capitaHigher education achievement Female researchersPupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) R&D productivity by publicationGraduates in Sciences Scientific and technical employmentWomen with degrees High-tech patent grants

WORLD TALENTRANKING 2019

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

Visit our eShop

Alpha AlphaLabel Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2

Value

4.9 % 26u 22.4 % 23 3,305 US$ 40u 10.74 ratio 6u 9.77 ratio 14 5.10 Survey [0..10] 25 6.39 Survey [0..10] 23 44.93 % 38w 2.97 Survey [0..10] 57

Value

u 66.30 index 9 6.06 Survey [0..10] 44 5.76 Survey [0..10] 33 4.27 Survey [0..10] 42 5.79 Survey [0..10] 41 4.42 Survey [0..10] 45 18,898 US$ 34 152,515 US$ 36w 25.75 % 54 4.12 Survey [0..10] 45w 20.94 micrograms 48

Value

w -0.71 % 60 4.90 Survey [0..10] 46w 5.73 Survey [0..10] 46 5.82 Survey [0..10] 25 5.25 Survey [0..10] 39 5.55 Survey [0..10] 40 22.86 % 35 6.09 Survey [0..10] 38 6.03 Survey [0..10] 39 6.54 Survey [0..10] 29 1.66 number 39u 503 Average 18

Investment & Development 2019 Rank

Health infrastructure meets the needs of society

2019 Rank

Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP

Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education)Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented

Readiness 2019 Rank

Educational assessment - PISA PISA survey of 15-year olds

Appeal

Exposure to particle pollution Mean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre

is readily available

Labor force growth Percentage change

Skilled labor

Management education meets the needs of the business community

Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises

Student mobility inbound Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants

Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy

Graduates in Sciences % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences

University education meets the needs of a competitive economy

Finance skills are readily available

International experience of senior managers is generally significant

Competent senior managers are readily available

Justice is fairly administered

Remuneration in services professions Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$

Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$

Effective personal income tax rate Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita

Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy

Quality of life is high

Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment

Cost-of-living index Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)

Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies

Worker motivation in companies is high

Gov. expenditure on education per student Percentage of GDP per capita (secondary education)

Total public exp. on education per student

POLAND

Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels

Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff

Ratio of students to teaching staff

Employee training is a high priority in companies

Female labor force Percentage of total labor force

IMD World Talent Ranking 2019

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

29 29

34

3837

18 18

21

24

27

51

45 45

40

46

24 24

33

39

45

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Overall

Investment &Development

Appeal

Readiness

27

4637

45

Investment & Development

Appeal

Readiness

The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined

2020

IMD WORLDCOMPETITIVENESSYEARBOOK

IMD

Wor

ld C

ompe

titive

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Year

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