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Information Technology and Energy Industry

July 12, 2016

Mark RothlederVP Market Quality and Renewable Integration

California ISO Overview• Nonprofit public benefit corporation

• Part of Western Electricity Coordinating Council: 14 states, British Columbia, Alberta and parts of Mexico

• 71,000 MW of power plant capacity

• 50,270 MW record peak demand (July 24, 2006)

• 26,014 circuit-miles of transmission lines

• ISO is governed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which has jurisdiction over transmission lines that cross state borders.

California energy and environmental policies drive renewable integration

• Greenhouse gas reductions to 1990 levels by 2020

• 33% of load served by renewable generation by 2020

• 12,000 MW of distributed generation by 2020

• Ban on use of once-through cooling in coastal power plants

• Less predictable load patterns – rooftop solar, electric vehicles, and smart grid

• SB 350 2030 goals

– 50% renewables

– 50% reduction petroleum use – cars & trucks

– Double energy efficiency of existing buildings

– Greenhouse gas reductions to 40% below 1990 levels

What does the ISO do?

• Uses advanced technology to efficiently and effectively operate the grid in day-ahead and in real-time.

• Deployment of advanced technologies enable the ISO to provide real-time 5 minute resource optimization to CA and five additional states in the West.

• Plans for transmission, generation interconnection and operates the grid in compliance with Federal reliability requirements for 80% of CA and part of Nevada.

Copyright – 2015 California ISO

How the ISO fits in…

Local Utility

Customer

Utility Owned Generation

ISO

Power MarketersGenerators

Scheduling

Independent

Coordinators

Slide 5

Operated and optimized by

ISO

Copyright – 2015 California ISO

A Balancing Authority (BA) is responsible for operating a transmission control area

Electricity is produced, delivered, and consumed at the speed of light.

The ISO balances the system in two timeframes:

• Market down to 5-minute resolution

• AGC on a 4-second basis

WECC is the regional entity for the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia, the northern portion of Baja California, Mexico, and all or portions of the 14 Western states between

Copyright – 2015 California ISOSlide 12

Emerging operational areas where information technology will be leveraged

• System reliability and situation awareness

• Renewable Integration

• Increased system coordination

– Transmission / Distribution System operational coordination

– Regional coordination and optimization

– Gas / Electric Coordination

• Demand and supply forecasting

• GHG emission tracking and control

• Information security

Wind• Unpredictable Output • 4768 MW Peak – April 12, 2014• 6087 MW Installed Capacity

Solar Thermal / Photo Voltaic• Semi – Predictable Output • 7755 MW Peak – May 11, 2016* • 8000 MW Installed Capacity

Roof Top Solar• Semi – Predictable Output• Behind the meter – Residential• 4000 MW Estimated Capacity

Power industry transformation

Goals:

Higher expectation of reliability

Higher expectation of security

Smart Grid

Situational awareness through Visualization

Main Drivers:

California RPS

GHG reduction

Once-through-Cooled plants retirement

*April 24, 2016 simultaneous wind and solar exceeded 10,000MW

Original estimate of net-load as more renewables are integrated into the grid

Typical Spring Day

Net Load 11,663 MW on May 15, 2016

Actual 3-hour ramp 10,892 MW on

February 1, 2016

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Distribution of Negative Prices - March, April & May2012, 2013, 2014 & 2015

2012 2013 2014 2015

Negative energy prices indicating over-supply risk start to appear in the middle of the day

Increasing real-time negative energy price frequency indicates over-supply risk in the middle of the day

Solar supported energy needs lost due to drought conditions- 2012 through October 2015

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Hydro vs. Solar Monthly Production

Hydro Production Solar Production

Renewable curtailment in 2024 at 40% RPS is significant

SolutionsTarget energy efficiency

Increase storage and demand response

Enable economic dispatch of renewables

Decarbonize transportation fuels

Retrofit existing power plants

Align time-of-use rates with system conditions

Diversify resource portfolio

Deepen regional coordination

2021 Monthly Net Load Distribution --- Weekdays

Off-Peak Peak

Super PeakSuper Off-Peak

2021 Monthly Net Load Distribution --- Weekends

Off-Peak Peak

Super Off-Peak

Proposed Weekday and Weekend TOU Periods

• Builds on existing market• Automated dispatch resolves

imbalance & avoids congestion

• Increase flexibility & decreases flexible reserve

• Provides situational awareness, enhances reliability

• Voluntary and no exit fees• Preserves autonomy,

including compliance, balancing, and reserve obligations

• Decreases integration cost

Energy Imbalance Market is an important to tool for effective use of resources around the west

Prior to EIM:Each BA must balance loads and resources w/in its borders.

BA BA

BA BA

In an EIM:The market dispatches resources across BAs to balance energy

BA BA

BABA

EIM benefits $64M since October 2014 • Arizona and Puget continue

their respective implementation progress:

– August 1st begins parallel operations, teams begin preparing Readiness Criteria for FERC filing

– October 1st Go-Live

– Idaho Power will join EIM in spring of 2018.

– LADWP has announced its intent to explore EIM participation.

18 large power plants representing ~9,800 MW of capacity are supported by Aliso Storage

Mitigation Measures• Power Flow Analysis – Joint ISO and LADWP

– Identified minimum generation required to maintain reliability – Areas at risk for transmission constraints– Generation and Transmission available outside the LA Basin

for energy and operating reserves

• Gas curtailment methodology and walkthrough May 16– Joint effort – ISO, LADWP, Peak RC, SoCalGas

• ISO Tariff Changes – Approved June 1– Market Constraint / Nomogram– Broader authority to reserve transmission on ISO internal

paths – Path 26

• Coordination with Peak RC to increase SOL in emergency

• EIM energy Transfers

EXAMPLES OF VISUALIZATION & SITUATION

AWARENESS

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Information available by phone app

ISO Today: Free Smart Phone App:http://www.caiso.com/Pages/ISOToday.aspx

Real time view of supply and demand, renewable energy production, emergency notifications and requests for

energy conservation.

Loads and Resources

Net Demand Renewables Prices

http://www.caiso.com/Pages/ISOToday.aspx

A common visualization layer integrates the results of multiple applications to provide Wide-Area Situational Awareness

Common Visualization Layer

Phase angle

differences

Synchrophasor data EMS: SCADA, CIM/XML

VSASmall Signal

Analysis

State Estimator

NomogramValidation

Wide-Area Situational Awareness Visualization

Google Earth Tools

Non-operational

data

July 18, 2015 illustrates the need to integrate satellite information to forecast supply variability

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CAISO - Solar Forecast and Actual (July 18, 2015)

Day-ahead forecast

30-minutes ahead forecast

10-minutes ahead Forecast

Actual

Renewable Profiles

Balancing Authority ACE limit (BAAL)

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Frequency

AC

E (M

W)

Balancing Authority ACE Limit RADAR

CurrentLast 5 minsLast 6-15 minsLast 16-30 mins

-485.00 MW / 0.1 Hz

CISO 4/23/12 15:03

000000000014:55 15:0215:0115:0014:5914:5814:5714:56Time

Consecutive Minutes Exceeding Limit(s)

00000000014:44 14:45 14:5214:5114:5014:4914:4814:4714:46

000000000014:5414:35 14:4314:4214:4114:4014:3914:3814:3714:36

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60.00Hz Scheduled Frequency

15:03:4415:03

BIAS

ACE

Frequency

33.08ACPS1

60.022

191

BAAL shall not be exceeded for more than 30 consecutive clock-minutesNumber of BAAL Exceedances

in last 30 minutes =

BAAL shall not be exceeded for more than 30 consecutive clock-minutes

CTRL-T to start timerCTRL-S to stop timer

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• BAAL is designed to replace CPS2

• Control opposes frequency deviation

• BAAL relaxes area regulation needs

• ACE is allowed to be outside BAAL for up to 30 minutes

Copyright – 2015 California ISOSlide 13

Wind Summary Visualization

Synchrophasor data exchange between utilities and California ISO

CAISO receives data from 56 PMUs

RTDMS Application – Visualization Tool

QUESTIONS

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