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CORE 1 (contd) BETTER HEALTH FOR INDIVIDUALS Slide 2 Q2) What influences the Health of Individuals? Slide 3 INFLUENCES???? Your decisions will move you up or down your own health continuum. What are some of those decisions? What do you think influences your health affecting decisions? What makes it easier, more likely to choose one action over another? Slide 4 Health is multi-causal. An individuals level of health status and quality of life are the result of many factors interacting. These factors are referred to as Determinants of health Slide 5 Slide 6 analyse how an individuals health can be determined by a range of factors acting in various combinations Determinants of Health individual factors sociocultural factors socioeconomic factors environmental factors Slide 7 - individual factors, eg knowledge and skills, attitudes, genetics Slide 8 Individual Factors Define Individual Factors Those factors that are unique to each person that can determine their level of health. Describe Individual Factors They are the factors of health knowledge and skills, personal attitudes and the value we place on health and genetic factors that increase the likelihood of particular health problems. Slide 9 - sociocultural factors FAMILY Slide 10 Sociocultural (contd) PEERS Slide 11 Sociocultural (Contd) MEDIA Slide 12 Religion / Cultural background Slide 13 Socioeconomic Factors Slide 14 Environmental Factors Slide 15 There are some positives. Slide 16 the degree of control individuals can exert over their health modifiable and non-modifiable health determinants the changing influence of determinants through different life stages investigate how the determinants of health explain why some individuals and groups have better or worse health than others. Slide 17 - modifiable and non-modifiable health determinants Easier to modify Difficult to modify Non- modifiable Slide 18 - the changing influence of determinants through different life stages 14 yrs 30 yrs 60 yrs More Modifiable Less Modifiable Family, peers, diet, exercise, income, media, geographic location Slide 19 health as a social construct -recognises the interrelationship of determinants -challenges the notion that health is solely an individuals responsibility. Slide 20 Health as a Social Construct A persons health behaviours and health status are significantly determined by factors relating to the social physical and cultural environment that they live in. Recognising that health is a social construct explains why some groups have better or worse health than others and that achievement in improvement in particular groups health will be a complex and prolonged process. Slide 21 - recognises the interrelationship of determinants Most socioeconomically disadvantaged Poorer levels of education Higher rates of unemployment Lower paid occupations Live / work in hazardous environments Greater difficulties accessing health care Lower rates of home ownership, overcrowding, social cohesion More risk factors i.e. smoking, h.b.p. Slide 22 - challenges the notion that health is solely an individuals responsibility. Define health is solely an individuals responsibility. A person is at fault if they choose poor health behaviours, i.e. that there are no other factors to consider. But is it????? Slide 23 Describe in more detail This notion is based on the idea that a person can freely choose behaviours that either impact positively or negatively on their health level of activity, diet, risk taking, drug use. This ignores the degree of control a person has over their decisions Challenging this notion means that recognition is given to other factors that influence the individuals decisions / behaviours. Slide 24 So who is responsible? Responsibility lies somewhere in between. Slide 25 Explain significance of viewing health as solely the responsibility of individuals, why must this view be challenged. This view has limitations in explaining peoples health status and addressing health concerns and so measures put in place to improve health will be narrow and ineffective for many people. Why have the measures for reducing smoking been successful but not for alcohol abuse? Slide 26 Analyse how this view of health has limitations and how this can impact upon attempts to improve a peoples health. Assumes that knowledge is enough to make people healthier, yet doesnt explain why people who know better still have poor health behaviours, Ignores the influence of health determinants Attempts to improve health will be less successful as a result. Slide 27 Evaluate the benefit of challenging this notion of fault and that recognising that health is NOT solely the responsibility of the individual. Peoples health behaviours are influence d by other factors which also have responsibility for determining a persons health. o Predisposing factors increase likelihood o Enabling factors support behaviour o Reinforcing factors help behaviour continue. o To address health issues ALL factors need to be considered. Slide 28 Why does she binge drink?