copyright 2006 prentice hall prentice hall politicalscienceinteractive magleby et al. government by...

Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall

Prentice HallPoliticalScienceInteractive

Magleby et al.Government by the People

Chapter 12The Presidency:

The Leadership Branch


Structure and Powers of the Presidency: Separate Powers

The United States is one of the few

world powers that is neither a

parliamentary democracy nor a wholly executive-

dominated government


Structure and Powers of the Presidency: Defining the

Presidency

At the constitutional convention, the

Framers debated whether the

president should be elected via a direct

election or through an electoral college


The Mexican President

One of the most powerful executives in the democratic world

Vincente Fox: election in 2000 was first break from PRI party in 71 years


The Presidential Ticket Originally, the vice-president was the runner-up in the electoral college vote

The 12th Amendment (1804) encouraged two candidates to run together as a presidential ticket


President as Commander-in-Chief

President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but Congress is charged with declaring wars

“Presidential prerogative” versus War Powers Act


Presidential Powers: Diplomat-in-Chief

Appointing ambassadors

Receiving ambassadors

Treaties

Executive Agreements

Fast-track trade authority

Meeting with foreign leaders to forge ties and make formal alliances

Foreign policy tools:


Presidential Powers: Administrator in Chief

Appoints leaders of important agencies

Issues executive orders

• Proclamations• National security

directives• Presidential decision

directives


Presidential Succession

What are the ways that a president can leave the office?

Impeachment, reelection defeat, retirement, death

Twenty-second AmendmentTwenty-fifth Amendment


The War Power

In 1973, Congress enacted the War Powers act in order to limit the ability of the president to commit the armed forces of the United States


Executive Privilege

In an attempt to hide his role in the

Watergate scandal, President Richard

Nixon unsuccessfully tried to invoke

executive privilege to prevent the release of tapes of his meetings

to Congress Boxes of newly released files from Richard M. Nixon's presidential

papers


The First Presidency

Precedents set by Washington

Presidential title

Two term limit

White House staff

Department secretaries

President as sole authority in supervising executive branch


The First Modern Presidency

New Deal program ideas came from his “Brain Trust”

Policy Achievements: FDIC, SEC, Wagner Act, Social Security, minimum wages, maximum working hours, mortgage protections

FDR inspects some Civilian Conservation Corps camps in the Shenandoah Valley

Franklin D. Roosevelt


The White House Staff

Three models for running the White House staff

Competitive

Hierarchical Collegial


The Executive Office of the President


The Cabinet

Advisory council for the president, consisting of the heads of the executive departments, the

vice president, and a few other officials selected by the president

Departments of Defense, Justice, State, and Treasury

The Inner Cabinet

The Cabinet


The Vice Presidency

Benjamin Franklin: Vice President should be addressed as, “your Superfluous Excellency”

Beginning in the 1950s, the role of Vice President became more important


The First Lady

During much of the nation’s history, first ladies were limited to behind-the-scenes activities

This changed with Eleanor Roosevelt and again with Hillary Clinton

Eleanor Roosevelt


People & Politics: Condoleezza Rice

Born in segregated Birmingham, Alabama in 1954

In 1999 became foreign policy advisor to George W. Bush during election campaign

In 2005 named Secretary of State


Presidents as Crisis Managers and Morale Builders

The President performs important ceremonial functions, in both good times and times of crisis


Presidents as Agenda Setters

National Security Policy

Economic Policy

Domestic Policy


Presidents as Persuaders

Instead of persuading lawmakers face-to-face, presidents can use their “bully pulpit”

to sway public opinion


The Constitutional Framework

The Constitution ensures that the President and Congress have

Competing constituencies

Competing calendars

Competing campaigns


Influencing Congress


The Chief Executive: The BudgetDecember

The president and the OMB director prepare The Budget of the United

States GovernmentEach budget is named for the fiscal year in which it ends

Late January

President presents Congress with the Budget for the fiscal year beginning

October 1st


The Chief Executive: The Budget


The President as Chief Legislator and Lobbyist

Presidential legislative authority:

1. Veto power2. Recommend

measures3. State of the Union


Figure #12-2

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