copy of food waste management system presentation for iswa florence 2012

Food Waste Management: An Innovative Approach

By

Lalji K Verma, Ph D

September 19, 2012 ISWA Congress Florence Lalji Verma

Food Waste Management: An Innovative Approach

MSW contains – Biodegradable and,Non-bio-degradable components.

Biodegradable – Includes food waste.

•Food waste putrefies and causes environmental pollution and adverse impact on human health.

Food waste is a global problem. When discharged in drains it causes choking and ingress into water bodies result in eutrophication. Mostly it is sent to landfill resulting in methane generation which is 21 times as harmful to the environment than CO2.. Leachates pollute the aquifer.

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Food Waste Management System

Impact on the environment and Human Health:

Fly breeding, - Communicable diseasesStench, - environmental pollutionScavengers are attracted scattering the waste,Birds are attracted leading to wide spread of the

waste, - aviation hazard,Discharge in the drains may lead to choking of drains,

nullahs, and finally polluting the rivers, - cascading effects.


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Food

Cooked Food AROMA

Overcooked Food SMELL

Rotting Food STENCH

Energy

Env Factors

Env Pollution

Communicable and other Diseases


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Food Waste Management SystemFood Waste

Rotting Food Waste

Putrefaction and degradation continues

Helped by Env Factors, enzymes and bacteria.

Release of amino acids.

Env Pollution

Unhygienic condition

Damage to property

Communicable DiseasesSeptember 19, 2012 ISWA Congress Florence Lalji

Verma

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Thermal E

nergy

Food

Cooked

Over cooked

Burnt

But There is another stage, where the food is stabilized, and this stage is reached beforethe stage the food is burnt. This may be called stage of proteinstabilization, where enzymes, and along withit the amino acids are destroyed, but not the protein molecules. End product is manure/palletsretaining stored chemical energy in molecules.


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Food Waste generation

Collection at House Hold, Hotels, Market, Others

A B

Waste dumped in Dhalaos

C

Waste dump/composting area

Transportation to land dump in Vehicles(Stage II Transportation)

D

E

Transportation to Dhalaos by hand carts or Rickshaws or vehicles(Stage I Transportation)


Current Practice

It may not be right to compare the present (failed) system with the innovative suggested system

A typical Dhalao* in Delhi

* Dhalao is an intermediary MSW storage point in Indian citiesSeptember 19, 2012 ISWA Congress Florence Lalji

Verma

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A

Food waste generation

Segregated Collection at RWAs, HH, Market Places, Hotels etc.

Transportation by hand carts/rickshaws/ Light Vehicles

Used as soil nutrientOr fuel Steam may be captured and reused.

Treatment of the waste by thermal energy under controlled condition

B C

D


In Proposed System


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Food Waste Management SystemComparative Table: Adv/Disadvantages

Sl No Heading Current Practice Suggested System

1. Storage 2-7 days Eliminated

2. Putrefaction Yes No

3. Fly breeding Yes Eliminated

4. Scavengers Present Absent

5. Env Pollution Yes Minimal/eliminated

6. Adverse Effect on Human Health

Varied and widespread Eliminated

7. Loss of Prod Life (DALYS)

Gross Minimal

8. Dissipation of energy

Yes Minimal

9. Choking of Drains & Eutrophication

Yes No

10. Transportation Elaborate Minimal


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Food Waste Management System Shortcomings: Present System(Contd)

Comparative Table: Adv/Disadvantages (Contd)

Sl No Heading Current Practice Suggested System

11. Waste Dispersion Plenty en route, and widespread through birds Reduced/eliminated

12. Capital and Running Expenditure

Heavy LowerMuch less with offsets

13. Work force Requires a large work force Greatly reduced

14. Dumping of waste Haphazard Systematic collection. No dumping

15. Land requirement High Nil

16. Odor & stench Present and severe Minimal

17. Env pollution High Nil


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Offset in in 5 years in the Proposed Food Waste Management System:Computed for 5 years for 10,000 household (all Figures in INR)


Sl No Item/No/Wt Basis of calculation

Remarks Cost or value

1. Treated Waste (manure or fuel cake)

40 % of input waste wt (12000 kg) may provide 4800 kg (dry wt) treated waste (manure) per day @ 40 %

Assumption – manure/ fuel cake may have value of INR 5 per kg

@ 5 x 4800 x30 x 12 x 5 =

43.2 million

2. Reusable water 20 % of waste input and 5 liters per machine per cycle from capture of the steam

Total quantity may be 2000 liters per day after deducting process loss

@ 2 per liter = 2000x2x30x12x5=

7.2 million

3. Total offset value 50.4 million

Plus carbon credit – not estimated/calculated

Total after offset : 84 million (-) 50.4 million = 33.6 millionSaving (In 5 Years) : 118 million (-) 33.6 million = 84.4 million

OR 16.88 million per year, or 1.406670 million per month, or INR 46, 890 per day


Item Cost (In INR)

Equip 40 million

Housing of Equip 1.5 million

Maint@10% 20 million

El & Water cost 22.5 million

Total 84 million

Offset (-) 50.4 million

Revised Total 33.6 million

pp/day 0.37

Per Kg cost 1.55

Current Practice Proposed System

Food Waste Management SystemCost Comparison

Population 50,000 or 10,000 HH (12,000 Kg food waste day1 including food waste from hotels, restaurants, roadside eating joints etc in the locality) Computed for 5 years

* Dhalaos are intermediary storage point for municipal solid waste

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The Machine:Considering all these a machine, VEGMA FOODSTER,

has been developed for food waste management,Suitable for resident welfare associations, eating joints,

hotels, clubs, cafeteria, food processing industries, railways, airports etc,

It has a cylindrical vessel, an outer jacket, an in - built motor driven shredder, a boiler (5 kg steam/hr capacity), safety valve, small water tank, motor driven water pump for the boiler, inlet and outlet openings, variable motor device to run the motor at variable RPM.

Other accessories.


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Food Waste Management SystemThe Machine:

Variable speed motor for the Shredder

Boiler

Vessel having an outer jacket for steam to circulate

Different

gauges

Safety Valve

Feed water motor and pump for the boiler

Inlet

Outlet

Controlled variable speed device


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Food Waste Management SystemThe machine

The machine is mounted on a platform measuring 6ft x 4ft,It is user friendly, and safe, and can be operated by a semiskilled person,Runs on electricity, and requires an electric panel with switches for

boiler, feed water pump, motor and other control devices,El consumption – approx 9 kw/hr=6kw/cycle = INR 30/cycle. In actual fact

it may be only INR 15/cycle, as once the boiler is heated up subsequent cycles will consume only 40-60 % energy. Heaters and motors run intermittently,

Water consumption – approx 4 lt/cycle = INR 2, as steam is captured and reused in the feed water pump for the boiler,

Machine can be run for 10 hrs or 16 cycles a day, each cycle can take 15 kg waste,

Output will be approx 6 kg of manure (dry weight) per cycle,Steam can be captured and sold as distilled water.


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Food Waste Management SystemTest Results

Parameters Inlet Samples: I, II, III

Outlet Samples: I, II, III

Moisture % 66.59 62.29 61.92 55.16 76 66.18

Ash % 2.14 12.61 3.58 3.06 9.03 6.51

Fat % 1.78 1.45 0.94 3.21 0.71 1.15

Protein % 4.47 4.04 4.54 4.7 3.44 4.48

Carbohydrates % 25.02 19.61 29.02 33.87 10.82 21.68

Energy Kcal/100 gm 133.98 107.65 142.7 183.17*

63.43 114.99

Phosphorus, mg/100 gm 78.98 111.83 124.56 99.58 190.02 203.96

pH 4.02 4.88 4.15 4.43 6.86 4.54

Enzymes Present Absent**

Source: FRAC, New Delhi

*In wet waste output. Dry waste output will have higher calorific value.

**Only one sample tested for protease, amylase, and lipase onlySeptember 19, 2012 ISWA Congress Florence Lalji Verma

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Likely Clientele/Market:RWAsMarket PlacesRailwaysHotels and Restaurants etcFood Processing IndustriesDistillaries


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copy of food waste management system presentation for iswa florence 2012

Environment