COORDINATED ENFORCEMENT WORKSHOP

AASHTO Subcommittee on Highway Transport June 6-9, 2010 Portland, Maine

BACKGROUND

2006 European Scan Tour• Commercial Motor Vehicle Size and

Weight Enforcement in Europe– http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/

links/pub_details.cfm?id=554

• Effective Use of Weigh-in-motion Data:The Netherlands Case Study

– http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07028/pl07028.pdf

• VSW Management Technology Transfer/Best Practices

– http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2335

EUROPEAN APPROACH

COMPLIANCEEnforcement

Technology

Harmonization

Prevention

SIZE ENFORCEMENT

Technology-based Policies/Procedures• Infrastructure preservation

– Switzerland, The Netherlands protect critical tunnels• Pre-selection for manual enforcement

– Germany, combined with Toll Collect system• Direct enforcement

– Switzerland, combined with fixed weigh facilities

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Overheight Vehicle Detection System

Functions

• Detects overheight vehicles using infrared, laser sensors

• Alerts driver of overheight status• Recommends action using static/dynamic

signs, flashers, audible alarms

Considerations

• Provides 24/7 monitoring• May experience false alarms• Audible alarms may not be heard by driver,

may disturb area businesses/residents

EstimatedCost

• $25,000 - $125,000 per system/approach• Varies by driver communication technologies,

on-site communication requirements

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Vehicle Profiler System

Functions• Provides 3D vehicle profile • Supports pre-selection at high speeds• Supports direct enforcement at low speeds

Considerations

• May be combined with weigh/toll facilities • Provides 24/7 monitoring (high-speed)• Accuracies to ±2 in. height/width, ±4 in. length

at 5 mph (low-speed)

EstimatedCost • $250,000 per system

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Vehicle Identification System

Functions

• Cameras capture vehicle silhouette, LP images• OCR software converts LP image to numeric

data• Images/data transmitted via DSRC to portable

computer used by enforcement officials

Considerations • Conversion of LP images may result in errors

EstimatedCost

• $52,000 - $80,000 per system• Varies by camera type, on-site communication

requirements

U.S. OPPORTUNITIES

Size Enforcement• Overheight vehicle detection system

– Nearly half of all U.S. States currently report using– Expanded use

• Vehicle profiler system – Supplemental to existing fixed weigh/toll facilities– Installed concurrently with new toll facilities

BENEFITS· Higher volume of CMVs monitored, processed· More efficient use of personnel· Increased accuracies, certainty in court· Significant infrastructure damage cost savings· Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT

Technology-based Policies/Procedures• Pre-selection for manual enforcement

– Various countries, supports mobile and fixed operations• Enforcement resource scheduling

– France, Slovenia, The Netherlands utilize historic WIM datato direct mobile enforcement

• Preventative carrier contacts– France, The Netherlands

target habitually non-compliant carriers

WIM+VID OVERWEIGHT VEHICLE DATA

SELECTION OF NON-COMPLIANT

COMPANIES

PREVENTATIVE VISIT

COMPANY NON-COMPLIANT

PRO-ACTIVE ENFORCEMENT

COMPANY OK

MONITORING TWO MONTHS

MONITORING INDEFINITELY

COMPANY UNWILLING

WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT

• Bypass prevention– France, The Netherlands support:

– site selection– site level system plans

• Direct enforcement– France, The Netherlands leading efforts

– Low-speed and high-speed WIM– Attaining sufficient WIM system

accuracy levels– Gaining metrological certification– Modifying existing laws that require

static measurements

WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT

WIM System Calibration • Continuous calibration

– France, The Netherlands, during scheduled enforcement• Quality assurance

– The Netherlands issues QA Statement with every data request

– Number of axles measured

– Period of measure

– Inaccuracy

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

In-road WIM System

Functions • Measures and records axle, gross weight using piezo quartz, piezo ceramic, fiber optic sensors

Considerations• Provides 24/7 monitoring• May be less accurate than traditional systems• Low cost supports wider implementation

EstimatedCost

• $9,000 - $32,500 per lane• Varies by sensor type, on-site communication

requirements• Requires additional, ongoing maintenance

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Bridge WIM System

Functions

• Measures weight using existing structures instrumented with strain transducers/gauges

• Records axles using traditional sensors or NORFAD systems

Considerations• Requires suitable bridge and location• Most successful on short, stiff bridges• Calibration may require specialized expertise

EstimatedCost

• $100,000 - $130,000 per bridge/system• Varies by sensor type, on-site communication

requirements

-4,0-3,5-3,0-2,5-2,0-1,5-1,0-0,50,00,51,0

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3

Stra

in (V

)Static

Dynamic

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Archived Records Database

Functions

• Supports data-driven enforcement scheduling• Supports preventative carrier contacts• Supports enhanced data quality• Encourages long-term performance

monitoring

Considerations • Requires procedures for quality control

EstimatedCost • $225,000 - $300,000

U.S. OPPORTUNITIES

Weight Enforcement• Pre-selection for manual

enforcement– Expanded use at fixed

weigh facilities– Mobile operations

• Enforcement resource scheduling– MT, IN, MN

• Preventative carrier contacts– Model after FMCSA’s Compliance Review process– TRB’s Motor Vehicle Size and Weight Committee

(AT055) promoting shipper/carrier education regarding weight compliance

Virtual weigh stations are proliferating in the U.S. as a cost-effective

alternative to fixed weigh facilities.

U.S. OPPORTUNITIES

• Direct enforcement– Low speed WIM– Supplemental to fixed weigh facilities

• Continuous WIM calibration– Integrated into routine enforcement operations

BENEFITS· Increased violation capture rates· Reduced fixed facility demand · Reduced harmful emissions from static

weighing process· Reduced resource-intensive field calibration· Enhanced data quality· Significant infrastructure damage cost savings

SPECIAL TRANSPORTS

Technology-based Policies/Procedures• Self Permitting/Routing

– Switzerland provides self-routing website• Bridge Safety Assessment

– France, Slovenia use measuredstructure response, traffic data

• Remote Field Verification of Permits– Slovenia,

The Netherlands compare in-field measurements to permit on file

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES

Advanced Routing/Permitting System

Functions • Allows drivers to self-route based on origin, destination, route restrictions

Considerations

• Requires supporting highway, bridge information

• Initial development costly due to different State fees, routing, regulations

• Provides 24/7 access for industryEstimatedCost • $2.0 – $8.3 million per statewide system

U.S. OPPORTUNITIES

Special Transports• Advanced routing and permitting systems

– CA, CO, GA, LA, NY, OK, RI, SD, TN, TX, WI– Increasing sophistication for routing functions– More robust infrastructure data

• Improved bridge safety assessments– Field tests of bridge WIM in AL, CT

BENEFITS· Increased personnel efficiency, cost-effectiveness· Increased bridge safety accuracy · Increased permit violation capture rates· Significant infrastructure damage cost savings· Reduced congestion, harmful emissions

EUROPEAN APPROACH

Unique Partnerships• Similar agencies of different jurisdictional levels

– National and regional law enforcement agencies• Different agencies

– Transportation– Law enforcement– Regulatory– Prosecution

In The Netherlands, the Ministry of Transport funds 100 additional limited capacity

National Police Agency officers who focus 40% and 60% of their time on

weight enforcement and congestion/incident management

activities, respectively.

QUESTIONS