control systems application reupdate

8/11/2019 Control Systems Application Reupdate

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Control Systems Application(PCI 1113)

TTO: Mr. Chin

Group : Semester 3 EIT 1

A : Norhanida Bt. Zaini | EIT137329

B : Muhd Yusoff Hambali B. Abu Bakar | EIT137655

C : Syamil B. Abdul Samat | EIT137792

Car Cooling Systems


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Contents and Marks

No. Description Marks Remarks

1 Objectives/Content 4

2 Level of difficulty/Complexity 10

3 Reference 2

4 Questions and Answers 2

5 Team effort 2

6 Total 20


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Contents | Car Cooling Systems

Contents

A: Engine Combustion | 4 Stroke

B: Engine Cooling System | Radiator

C: Air-Conditional System | Air-Conditioner


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1.0 Introduction | Car Engine Combustion

Internal-combustion engine, one in which combustion of the fuel takesin a confined space, producing expanding gases that are used directly t

provide mechanical power.

Engines are classified as reciprocating or rotary, spark ignition or comp

ignition, and two-stroke or four-stroke, the most familiar combination.

Engines are rated by their maximum horsepower, which is usually reac

little below the speed at which undue mechanical stresses are develop


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2.0 Signal Flow Diagram | Car Engine Combus


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3.0 Purpose | Car Engine Combustion

Convert a very abundant or cheap fuel into mechanical

energy

Lightweight and reasonably compact way to get power

from fuel

Safer and more efficient than the engine it replaced -

steam.

Better- power to weight ratio still-than electric batteries

and motors, and offers similar overall efficiency.


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4.0 Process| Car Engine Combustion


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4.1 How Engine Combustion Works?

1. Intake Stroke

The piston moves downwards and the intake

valve opens up to fill the chamber with the

mixture (fuel + air) while the exhaust valve are

closed.When the piston reaches the lowestposition the intake valve will start closing

(because of the camshafts rotation and the

springs.


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2. Compression StrokeBoth intake and exhaust valves are closed and th

compresses the mixture. Its very common amo

performance tuning communities to hear about

compression ratio to have the best possible igni

Compression ratio is the difference between:

a) The volume of the cylinder (and combustion

when the piston is at the bottom

b) The volume of the cylinder (and combustion

when the piston is at the top


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3.Power Stroke

Once again, both intake and exhaust valves a

closed and the piston is at the top of the

combustion chamber. The third stroke is whe

the spark plug ignites the mixture.


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4. Exhaust Stroke

The exhaust (stroke four) strokes move the

pistons with the power of the crankshaft whic

moved by the other two cylinders that are giv

power to it.With the power of its neighbour

cylinder(s) that moves the crankshaft, the pistthat just passed the third stroke will start mov

upwards and the exhaust valve (using the

camshafts timing) will open to release the

exhaust gases from the previous ignition.


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The radiator is always a source of heat to its environment, although

this may be for either the purpose of heating this environment, or for

cooling the fluid or coolant supplied to it, as for engine cooling.

Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one

medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.

1.0 Introduction | Engine Cooling System (Radia

Despite the name, radiators generally transfer the bulk of their heat

through convection, not by thermal radiation.


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2.0 Signal Flow Diagram | Engine Cooling System (Rad

Set

Point

Thermostat Engine CoolingX

y

z

w e

Engine Cooler Controller

Engine Radiator Control System

Thermo Switch


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4000 degree temps. Could seriously damage engine parts.

Control temperature of hot combustion.

3.0 Purpose | Engine Cooling System (Radiator

Provide Heat for passenger Compartment

Heat changes from warm to cold.


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4.0 Operation of Engine Cooling System (Radiat

Coolant is passedthrough the engine

block, where it

absorbs heat from

the engine.

Fan then helps the

cooling process.


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4.1 Engine Cooling System (Radiator)


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4.2 Function of Radiator Thermostat

Its job is to block the flow of coolant to the radiator until the

engine has warmed up.

When the engine is cold, no coolant flows through the

engine.

Once the engine reaches its operating temperature

(generally about 200 degrees F, 95 degrees C), thethermostat opens.

By letting the engine warm up as quickly as possible, the

thermostat reduces engine wear, deposits and emissions.


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4.3 Function of Thermo Switch

Protect your engine against overheating.

To monitor temperature of the engine.

Responsible for cooling hydraulic oil, transmission fluid and

brake fluid as well.

Carry a high electric current.


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By 1969, more than half of all new cars were sold with air conditioning

built in.

Packard invented automotive AC all the way back in 1939.

1.0 Introduction | Air Conditioning Control Syst

It's become nearly universal, with 99 percent of all new cars as of

summer 2010 coming equipped with it.


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Provide fresh breathable air and contains oxygen.

Cooling the atmosphere inside the car.

2.0 Purpose | Air Conditioning Control System

Comforting the driver and passenger for a long distancetravel in hot nor cool weather.

Also provide warm oxygenated air to the atmosphereinside the car during winter.


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3.0 Signal Flow Diagram | Air Conditioning Control Sy

Car Air Conditioning Control System

Thermal Sensor

Set

Point

ThermostatExpansion

ValveCar Cooling

X

y

z

w e

Air Conditioning Controller


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4.0 Components

Compressor

Condenser and fan.

Receiver/drier

Expansion Valve

Evaporator/cooling coil with blower

Refrigerant


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4.1 Process| Car Air Conditioning Control Syste

Expansion Valve

Thermo Sw


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5.0 References

ENGINE COMBUSTION

Brain, M. (2008). How Car Engines Work. Retrieved from How Stuff Workhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm

CAR COOLING SYSTEM (RADIATOR)

Nice, K. (2008). How Car Cooling System Works. Retrieved from How Stuf

Works?: http://auto.howstuffworks.com/cooling-system6.htm

CAR COOLING SYSTEM (AIR-CONDITIONER)

Hall-Geisler, K. (2008). How Automotive Air Conditioning Works. Retrieve

from How Stuff Works?: http://auto.howstuffworks.com/automotive-air-

conditioning.htm

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