construction productivity: advances and … productivity: advances and opportunities for improvement...
TRANSCRIPT
Construction Productivity: Advances
and Opportunities for Improvement
Paul M. Goodrum, P.E., Ph.D.
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky
Agenda
Construction Productivity –
The Measurement
Challenge
Improvements through
Technical Change
The Need for Process
Improvement
Agenda
Construction Productivity –
The Measurement
Challenge
Improvements through
Technical Change
The Need for Process
Improvement
Productivity Measures and Industry
Policies
Ref: Teicholtz, P. (2001). “U.S. Construction Labor Productivity Trends,
1970-1998”. ASCE J. Const. Engr. & Mngmt.
Construction Price Indices
Raw Output ($)
Price Index
Real Output ($)
Industry Labor
Productivity
Real Output ($)
Total Work Hours
Single-Family Houses Index
Hedonic Regression Models
1970s Home Modern Home
=?
Case Study: New Home Construction
in Bowling Green, Kentucky
Bowling Green, KY
Population: 54,000
Local Economy: Health Care,
University, Manufacturing,
and Agriculture.
Used new home sales data
for 2005 to 2007 from
Multiple Listing Service to
develop “New” Price Index
for Bowling Green,
Kentucky.
$65,000,000
$70,000,000
$75,000,000
$80,000,000
$85,000,000
$90,000,000
2005 2006 2007New
Ho
usi
ng O
utp
ut
Ad
just
ed
to
$2005
Existing Census Fisher Price Index
Proposed Census Fisher Index
$-
$735
$2,290 Underestimated
value per home
Scope of Study: New Home Sales in Bowling Green, KY 2005-2007.
Data Source: Multiple Listing Service New Home Sales Data
$500
$1000
$1500
$2000
$2500
Case Study: New Home Construction
in Bowling Green, Kentucky
51.5% (1.5%)
28.6% (0.9%)
20.6% (0.7%)
20.4% (0.7%)
15.5% (0.5%)
10.8% (0.4%)
10.0% (0.3%)
6.2% (0.2%)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Sitework
Doors & Windows
Finishes
Masonry
Concrete
Thermal Protection
Wood & Plastic
Metals
Evidence of Productivity Improvement
among Construction Activities
Note: (Annual Improvement Rate) Data Source: RS Means
1976 2004
CII RT-240: Leveraging Technology to Improve Construction Productivity
Agenda
Construction Productivity –
The Measurement
Challenge
Improvements through
Technical Change
The Need for Process
Improvement
Technology Impact: A 25 Year Perspective
0.7% Annual Compound
Productivity
Improvement in
Finishes
Advanced
Function
Contributes
to
1.5% Annual Compound
Productivity
Improvement in
Site work
More
Power
Contributes
to
0.5% Annual Compound
Productivity
Improvement in
Concrete
Advanced
ModularityContributes
to
CII RT-240: Leveraging Technology to Improve Construction Productivity
Problem: Site Materials Tracking
on Large Industrial Projects
• Typical Characteristics
– Thousands of
engineered
components
– Long storage periods
– Material movement
– Sequenced erection
– Remote yards
– Inclement weather
Installation area
Lay down yard
CII RT-240: Leveraging Technology to Improve Construction Productivity
Carl Haas (Univ. of Waterloo ) and Carlos Caldas (Univ. of Texas at Austin)
Reliable Material Tracking
“read” event 1 “read” event 2
“read” event 3
2-HPECON1
2-HPECAN2
2-HQECAN4
2-HPECAN3
2-HBBCAN4
2-HCVCAN4
CII RT-240: Leveraging Technology to Improve Construction Productivity
Carl Haas (Univ. of Waterloo ) and Carlos Caldas (Univ. of Texas at Austin)
One Result of Leveraging Technology:
Total Labor-Time per Component Located
Manual Tracking Automated Tracking
Improvement Ratio ~ 8.1:1
36.8 minutes per component 4.6 minutes per component
CII RT-240: Leveraging Technology to Improve Construction Productivity
Carl Haas (Univ. of Waterloo ) and Carlos Caldas (Univ. of Texas at Austin)
Productivity Analysis / Installation Area
Based on:
• Project controls data (work hours)
• Foreman daily surveys (idle work time)
• Engineering data (Tons of installed steel)
Focus on the erection of installed components:
• Including the efficiency of erection crews for installing steel
components
• Not including bolting, torquing, plumbing, painting, and inspection
tasks
4.2% increment in steel erection productivity
CII RT-240: Leveraging Technology to Improve Construction Productivity
Carl Haas (Univ. of Waterloo ) and Carlos Caldas (Univ. of Texas at Austin)
Agenda
Construction Productivity –
The Measurement
Challenge
Improvements through
Technical Change
The Need for Process
Improvement
Best Processes for Electrical
Productivity
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
No
rmal
ized
Lab
or
Pro
du
ctiv
ity
High level
Low level 52 5049 59 7256
Note: A lower labor productivity measure is better.
** denotes significance at 0.01 level.* denotes significance at 0.05 level.
CII RT-252: Craft Productivity Program
Emerging Productivity Practices
Safety
System Integration
System Automation
Material Management
Team Building
Front End Planning
Safety
System Integration
System Automation
Material Management
Team Building
Constructability
Phase I: Mechanical
Phase II: Electrical
Phase III:Concrete
Phase IV: Steel
Best Productivity Practices Implementation
Index
•Materials Management System
•Receipt and Inspection of Materials
•Procurement Management
Materials Management
•Site Tool Management
•Machinery AvailabilityEquipment Logistics
•Short Interval Planning
•Work Face Planning
•Constructability Review
Craft Information Systems
•Training and Development
•Behavior
•Organizational Structure
•Employment
Human Resource Management
•Sequence and Scheduling of Work
•Start-up, Commission, and Turnover Plan
•New Product Investigation
•Site Layout Plan
Construction Methods
•Job Safety
•Substance Abuse Programs
•Safety Training and Orientation
Environmental Safety and Health
CII RT-252: Craft Productivity Program
Future Tasks – BPPII Model
Weight BPPII
elements based
on their relative
impact on
productivity
Validate and test
Develop
Implementation
Resource
(Roadmap)
CII RT-252: Craft Productivity Program
Conclusion
The challenge of accurately measuring construction
productivity at the industry level remains
Technology has had a positive impact on construction
productivity
…but the swing has to match the club
There is significant variation in construction productivity
from project to project.
Mapping the processes to control productivity should
help reduce the variation and potentially improve it on a
macro scale as well.