construction codes training - nysa, june 4, 2007 · accepted or evaluated by nationally recognized...

NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS1MODEL CODE PROGRAM

BUILDING CODEOF THE CITY OF NEW YORK

New York City Department of Buildings4 June 2007

Fatma Amer, PE, Deputy Commissioner, Technical AffairsJames Colgate, RA, Executive ArchitectJohn Lee, RAKeith Wen, RAGus Sirakis, PE


“The New York Society of Architects” is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of the presentation.


Learning Objectives

This forum will discuss in general the differences between the current New York City Building Code and the proposed amended International Building Code in the following areas:

• Chapter 1 – Administration• Chapter 3 – Use & Occupancy Classifications• Chapter 4 – Special Detailed Requirements based on

Use and Occupancy• Chapter 5 – General Heights and Areas• Chapter 6 – Types of Construction• Chapter 7 – Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction• Chapter 9 – Fire Protection Systems• Chapter 10 – Means of Egress• Chapter 11 – Accessibility• Chapter 16 – Structural Design• Chapter 17 – Structural Tests and Special Inspections


The new New York City Construction Codes

• Applicable to new construction

• Three year revision cycle

• Completion Bill proposes adoption of:– Building Code– Fuel Gas Code– Mechanical Code – Revised administrative provisions

• July 1, 2007 enactment of completion bill mandated by Local Law 99/05, which included the Plumbing Code

• Noteworthy Code changes … what’s new?


Timeline

• For 1 year between the Effective date (’08) and the Mandated date (’09), either the new code or current code may be elected

SubmittalMay2007

EnactmentJuly2007

MandatedJuly2009

EffectiveJuly2008


Administration

• RE: MEA New materials and equipment that are accepted or evaluated by nationally recognized evaluation services (such as UL) may be approved in New York City without the need for separate approval by the Department

• Authorizes approved agencies to perform certain inspections and tests

• Re-emphasizes progress inspections

• Increases duration of permits

• Mandates payment of outstanding penalties before issuance of a permit or certificate of occupancy

• Requires sign off of application


Administration

Fee rebates for buildings that incorporate sustainable design

• Use of renewable energy• Energy conservation beyond the Energy Conservation

Construction Code of New York State• Water conservation measures• Use of Brownfield sites• Recycling of construction and demolition waste• Provision of bicycle facilities in all but 1- and 2-family

dwellings• Achievement of LEED


Chapter 17 – Structural Tests and Special Inspections

• Fabricators who are registered and approved will not require special inspections on the premises of the approved fabricator’s shop

• Introduction of Special Inspector certified by the DOB to inspect construction and responsible for reporting hazardous conditions – Provides more options for owner to hire competent

professionals– Improves efficiency and quality of inspections

• Inspection requirements for steel, concrete, and masonry construction in line with national standards

• Consolidated list of items for inspection that reduces confusion

• Introduction of periodic inspections


Chapter 3 – Use & Occupancy Classifications

Chapter 4 – Special Detailed Requirements based on Use and Occupancy

Chapter 5 – General Heights and Areas

Chapter 6 – Types of Construction


Chapter 3 –Use and Occupancy Classification

A Assembly: Groups A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, and A-5 F

A-1 with fixed seating, intended for production and viewing of the performance arts or motion pictures. F-1a

A-2 food and/or drink consumption. F-4

A-3 worship, recreation or amusement (physically active), and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A.

F-3,F-1b, F-4

A-4 indoor sporting events with spectator seating. F-1b

A-5 participation in or viewing outdoor activities. F-2

B Business:office, professional, service-type transaction, public or civic services. E

E Educational: 5 or more persons at any time for educational purposes. G

F Factory and industrial: Groups F-1 and F-2 D

F-1 moderate-hazard. D-1

F-2 involve non-combustible, non-flammable materials, or low-hazardous production. D-2

H High Hazard: Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, and H-5 A

H-1 materials that present a detonation hazard. A

H-2 uses present a deflagration hazard or a hazard from accelerated burning. A

H-3 materials that readily support combustion or present a physical hazard. A

H-4 materials that are health hazards. none

H-5 semiconductor fabrication facilities using hazardous production materials (HPM) in excess of the permitted aggregate quantity. D-1


Chapter 3 –Use and Occupancy Classification

I Institutional: Groups I-1, I-2, I-3, and I-4 H, J-2

I-1 housing persons, on a 24-hour basis, capable of self-preservation and responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from staff. J-2 ?

I-2medical, surgical, nursing or custodial care, on a 24-hour basis, of more than 3 persons, who are not capable of self-preservation or responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from staff.

H-2

I-3 more than 5 persons who are detained under restraint or security reason. H-1

I-4

day care facilities, occupied by persons of any age who receive custodial care (without overnight) by individuals other than parents, guardians, or relatives in a place other than at the home. H-2

M Mercantile: display and sale of merchandise. C

R Residential: Groups R-1, R-2, and R-3 J

R-1 occupied transiently (for less than one month). J-1

R-2 more than 2 dwelling units on a long term basis (for a month or more). J-2

R-3 not more than 2 apartments on a long term basis (for a month or more). J-3

S Storage: Groups S-1, and S-2 B

S-1 moderate-hazard storage occupancy for any flammable or combustible materials. B-1

S-2 low-hazard storage occupancy for non-combustible materials. B-2

UUtility and Miscellaneous:

structures of an accessory character, or not classified in any specific occupancy. K


Chapter 3 – Use and Occupancy Classifications

• Fire ratings of separations for some occupancies are permitted to be reduced by one hour in fully sprinklered buildings.

• Assembly spaces occupied by fewer than 75 persons are classified as Group B (business), not A.

• Educational uses for adults beyond the 12th grade, including universities, are classified as Group B (Business), not E.

• Non-production chemical laboratories are classified as Group B (Business), not as industrial/factory.

• Student Dormitories are classified as Group R-1, not R-2.– New concept of Student Apartments (Group R-2) introduced.



• Incidental Use Areas– Incidental to the main occupancy – List of specific uses on Table 302.1.1 which provides required

separation in hours• Accessory Use Areas

– Generally, spaces accessory to the main occupancy that do not exceed 10% of the floor area, and certain assembly occupancies, will not require separation

– Otherwise treated as a mixed occupancy• Mixed occupancies

– Required separations provided in Table 302.3.2• For most occupancies, the required separations may be

reduced by 1 hour, but not less than that required for the floor and not less than 1 hour, whichever is higher

– Different tenants must be separated by fire barriers having a minimum of 1 hour fire-resistance rating


Chapter 4 – Special Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy

COVERED MALL BUILDINGS (Section 402)• Fire-resistance-rated separation between tenants not

required in sprinklered covered mall buildings• Smoke control systems required in covered mall buildings

HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS (Section 403)• High-rise buildings defined as having occupied floors

located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access (no longer measured to the roof)

• LL 26/04• Elevator lobbies required in high-rise buildings when

elevators open onto a fire-resistance-rated corridor• Emergency power and one-way voice communications

required for high-rise R-2 buildings• Smokeproof enclosures required in high-rise buildings



ATRIUMS (Section 404)• Defined as connecting 3 or more stories• Smoke control systems required in atriums• Under some conditions, 100% of occupants may travel

through an atrium to satisfy means of egress requirements instead of current code’s 50%

PARKING GARAGES (Section 406)• Commercial vehicles, buses, and trucks prohibited in open

parking garages• Larger floor areas will be permitted for parking garages



INSTITUTIONAL OCCUPANCIES (Sections 407 & 408)• Special design requirements for prisons based upon

degree of restraint

NON-PRODUCTION LABORATORIES (Section 419)• Special design requirements for non production chemical

laboratories that permit use and storage of hazardous materials beyond the limitations for Group H requirements (Biotech friendly provisions)


Chapter 5 – General Buildings Heights and Areas

• Proposed Code Table 503 indicates height and area limitations for unsprinkleredbuildings

• Height increases for sprinklered buildings based on a factor, usually additional 20 feet in height and 1 additional story

• Area increases for sprinklered buildings based on a factor, usually additional 200% for multistory buildings and 300% for single story buildings

…continued



• Area decreases for buildings greater than 3 stories in height

• Unlimited area provisions for certain buildings when fully sprinklered

• Formulary provided for frontage increases

• Special regulations for separation distances greater than 60 feet



• Basement and cellar defined as per the current code• Basements that meet certain restrictions do not need to be

included in the total allowable floor area • Mezzanines defined to be between the floor and ceiling of

the story• Mezzanines will no longer contribute to a building’s

maximum area limits, only to its fire area • Mezzanines within dwelling units are limited to 1/3 of the

net floor area of the dwelling unit as per the current code and current practice

• Garages located below certain occupancies may be considered separate buildings in terms of total building area, thus allowing larger buildings within a property’s total building area limits



• Example



• Elimination of the current code’s construction class I-A, 4-hour non-combustible construction

Proposed Code construction type

Equivalent current code construction class

Type IA Class I-BType IB Class I-CType IIA Class I-DType IIB Class I-EType IIIA Class II-BType IIIB Class II-CType IV Class II-AType VA Class II-DType VB Class II-E


Chapter 6 – Types of ConstructionCombustible Materials in Type I and II Construction. • specific instances where combustible materials are permitted in

buildings of noncombustible construction– foam plastics for thermal and acoustical insulation– combustible components of show windows not over 15 feet above grade – combustible material as a component of interior partitions in buildings

occupied by a single tenant, provided that the partitions do not establish a corridor serving an occupant load of 30 or more.

– platforms and stages – exterior wall coverings, blocking for handrails, millwork and trim – combustible mastics and caulking materials – combustible nailing or furring strips– heavy timber permitted to be installed as roof construction components

and as exterior structural elements– sprayed fire-resistant-rated materials – protection of penetrations in fire-resistant-rated assemblies – protection of joints in fire-resistant-rated assemblies– combustible materials, such as combustible piping, in concealed spaces– combustible materials exposed within plenums – nonmetallic ducts – combustible piping materials


Chapter 7 – Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction

Chapter 9 – Fire Protection Systems


Chapter 7 – Fire-Resistance Rated Construction

• Exterior walls (Section 704)– Table 704.8 prescribes the area limitations, as a percentage

of exterior wall area, for both unprotected and protected openings, based upon separation distances, irrespective of construction class. • Compare to current code Table 3-4

– Table 704.8 permits unprotected openings within separation distance of 15 feet• current code permits the equivalent only for construction

classes II-D and II-E



• Exterior walls (Section 704)– Both protected and unprotected openings are permitted

within the same exterior wall, limited in area through a formulary (Equation 7-2)

– the amount of unprotected openings in exterior walls is permitted to equal the permitted amount of protected openings in fully sprinklered buildings

– fully sprinklered buildings are not required to provide vertical separation of openings



Elements of Fire and Smoke Separation

• Fire Separation of Occupied Spaces– FIRE WALL– FIRE BARRIER– FIRE PARTITION

• Fire Separation of Concealed Spaces– FIRESTOPPING– FIREBLOCKING– DRAFT STOP

• Smoke Separation of Spaces– SMOKE BARRIER– SMOKE PARTITION



Fire separation of occupied spaces

• FIRE WALL (Section 705)– A fire resistance rated wall, with protected openings,

extending continuously from the foundation through or to a roof assembly

– Each portion of a building separated by fire walls shall be considered a separate building.

– Similar to current code definition of FIRE DIVISION




• FIRE BARRIER (Section 706)– A fire resistance rated horizontal or vertical assembly with

protected openings. A fire barrier wall must extend from the floor below, through any concealed spaces, to the underside of the floor or roof slab above.




• FIRE PARTITION (Section 708)– A 1 hour fire-resistance-rated vertical assembly with

protected openings. A fire partition need not extend through any concealed spaces provided that the partition intersects a fire-rated ceiling assembly and the concealed space is fire blocked or draft stopped at the partition line



Separation of concealed spaces (Section 717)

• FIRESTOPPING– A fire-resistance-rated assembly of materials installed to

resist the free passage of flame or hot gases– generally applied to penetrations of fire-resistance rated

construction (Section 712)• FIREBLOCKING

– An assembly of materials installed to resist the free passage of flame or hot gases.

– Not necessarily required to be fire-resistance rated• DRAFT STOP

– An assembly of materials installed to resist the free passage of air in concealed spaces.

– Not required to be fire-resistance rated



Smoke separation of occupied spaces

• SMOKE BARRIER (Section 709)– A 1 hour fire-resistance-rated membrane, either vertical or

horizontal, designed to restrict the movement of smoke.– Generally permitted only in special Institutional occupancies

• SMOKE PARTITION (Section 710)– A vertical membrane designed to restrict the movement of

smoke. – Not necessarily required to be fire-resistance rated– Generally permitted only in corridors in special Institutional

occupancies



• Shaft enclosures (Section 707)– shaft enclosure materials as permitted by the building type of

construction, except in Groups I-1, R-1 and R-2 buildings which require shafts of noncombustible materials. • The current code requires noncombustible materials for

shaft enclosures in almost every instance, except in Class II-E construction.

– 2-hour fire-resistance rating required, or 1 hour if connecting fewer than 4 stories

– Shaft enclosures of refuse and laundry chutes must be 2-hour fire-resistance-rated, with no additional requirements for materials or construction type



• Automatic Sprinkler Systems– Provides the thresholds at which entire buildings must be

sprinklered, based upon occupancy– Provides the thresholds at which fire areas must be

sprinklered, based upon occupancy– Other criteria include building height and levels below grade– Requirements for alternative fire extinguishing systems

• Standpipe and Hose Systems– References NFPA 14 with modifications for very tall buildings

• Fire Alarm and Detection Systems– Provides the installation requirements for manual and

automatic fire alarm systems based upon occupancy



• Automatic Sprinkler Systems (Section 903)– References NFPA 13, 13R, and 13D, as modified for New

York City in Appendix Q– Organized by Occupancy Group and establishes the

conditions that require installation of an automatic sprinkler system, based upon • occupant load• number of stories above the lowest level of fire

department vehicle access• fire area • building area

– this section expands the requirement for automatic sprinkler systems to more occupancies

…continued



• Automatic Sprinkler Systems (Section 903)– All residential occupancies are required to install an

automatic sprinkler system, with exception for one- and two-family homes and townhouses 3 stories or less in height• Detached 1- or 2-family: sprinklers required when more

than 3 stories• Attached 1-family: sprinklers required when more than 3

stories• Attached 2-family: sprinklers required regardless of

number of stories– Any building with a floor located 55 feet above the lowest

level of fire department vehicle access, and occupied by more than 30 persons, requires an automatic sprinkler system

– High rise buildings are required to provide a secondary on-site water supply equal to the hydraulically calculated sprinkler demand



• Alternative Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems (Section 904)

– References the Fire Code for most non-water systems

– Commercial cooking systems are required to be protected by carbon dioxide extinguishing systems or wet-chemical extinguishing systems



• Standpipe Systems (Section 905)

– References NFPA 14, as modified for NYC in Appendix Q• The modifications to NFPA 14 differs from the current

code for very tall buildings• Manual fire pump not required• Redundant automatic and gravity fed water supplies• Larger tank sizes for on site storage of water for fire

fighting purposes• Dedicated high pressure siamese riser• Zoned System

– Combined standpipe systems permitted in all installations



• Fire Alarm Systems (Section 907)– References NFPA 72, as modified for NYC in Appendix Q– Organized by Occupancy Group and establishes the

conditions that require installation of an automatic and manual fire alarm system, based upon • occupant load• fire area • building area

– This section expands the requirement for fire alarm systems to more occupancies

– Mechanical and electrical equipment rooms of any size are required to be equipped with smoke detectors • Exception for R-2 occupancy which permits up to 75

square feet without smoke detectors…continued



• Fire Alarm Systems (Section 907)– Student dormitories are classified as R-1 (equivalent to J-1)

and, therefore, must comply with the fire alarm system requirements for R-1

– Student apartments classified as R-2 require fire alarm systems greater in scope than that required for all other R-2 occupancies

– Smoke alarm and CO alarm requirements within dwelling units• Required within each room used for sleeping purposes• Required outside of sleeping rooms, within 15 feet • Required one on each floor• Must be interconnected to each other• Must draw primary power from the building supply

…continued



• Fire Alarm Systems (Section 907)– High rise buildings in all occupancies, except I-1, I-2 and R-2,

are required to be equipped with a two-way voice communication system• Group R-2 is required to provide a one-way voice

communication system between the fire command center and each dwelling unit and vertical exit



• Smoke Control Systems (Section 909)– Smoke control across smoke barriers by mechanical and

passive means – Smokeproof enclosures in high-rise buildings consisting of an

enclosed interior exit stairways, each provided with one of the following:• An open exterior balcony• A naturally ventilated vestibule (2 hr rated)• A mechanically ventilated vestibule (2 hr rated)• Pressurization within the stairway

• Post-fire Smoke Purge Systems (Section 912)– Similar to current code, except R-2 occupancies are not

required to provide a smoke purge system if the building is provided with smokeproof enclosures


Chapter 10 – Means of Egress

Chapter 11 – Accessibility



Means of Egress: from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way

– Three components of Means of Egress:1. Exit access

• Begins at the furthest occupied point in a room and ends at the entrance to an exit

2. Exit• Provides a protected path of egress travel between

the exit access and exit discharge3. Exit discharge

• The portion between the exit termination and a public way



Exit access– Begins at the furthest occupied point in a room and ends at

the entrance to an exit– The travel distance is regulated


Chapter 10 – Means of EgressExit

– Provides a protected path of egress travel between the exit access and exit discharge

– Travel distance is generally not an issue within an exit



Exit discharge– The portion between the exit termination and a public way– Travel distance is not limited at and beyond the exit

discharge



• Gross square feet vs. Net square feet



• Resulting figure cannot be less than that required elsewhere in the code



Accessible means of egress

• At least one accessible means of egress must be provided to accessible spaces

• Where two or more means of egress are required from a space or floor, at least two accessible means of egress are required

• In high-rise buildings, at least one accessible means of egress must be an elevator with emergency power

• Area of rescue assistance is required in non-sprinkleredbuildings and must provide direct access to either an exit stairway (per 1007.3 & 1019.1) or an elevator (per 1007.4)



• Area of rescue assistance within an exit enclosure:



• Area of rescue assistance adjacent to an exit enclosure:

AREA OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE



• Area of rescue assistance within an elevator lobby:


AREA OF RESCUE

ASSISTANCE




Stairway width

• Generally requires minimum 44” of width

• 36” wide stairs are acceptable for stairways that serve a very small occupant load (i.e. 50 persons cumulative for all stories) However, 48” stairs may be required per Section 1107 unless the building is sprinklered

• 36” wide stairs are also acceptable in R-2 occupancies if not more than 125 feet high and each stairway serves not more than 30 occupants per floor



Treads and Risers

• 7” max. Risers• 11” min. Treads

• Exceptions for R-2 dwelling units and R-3 residential



Emergency Escape and Rescue in All Group R Occupancies:

• At least one exterior emergency escape and rescue opening is required in sleeping rooms below the 4th story above grade plane and below grade stories

• Dimensions: 6 square feet net clear opening, min. 30” high X min. 24” wide – The resulting dimension must be at least 6 SF



Corridor

• An enclosed exit access component that defines and provides a path of egress travel to an exit

• Can be either interior or public



Interior Corridor

• Serves only one tenant

• In Group E occupancy, corridor serving one institution is considered Interior Corridor

• Constructed as a fire partition for fire-resistance rating



Public Corridor• Serves more than one tenant • Constructed as a fire barrier for fire-resistance

rating



• Chapter 11 - Accessibility: Governs the design and construction of facilities to provide accessibility to people with disabilities. Uses ICC A117.1-2003 as the reference standard

• Appendix E - Supplementary Accessibility Requirements: Covers certain ADA and LL58/87 requirements that are not addressed in Chapter 11

• Appendix N - Assistive Listening Systems: Contains specifications for compliance. Adopted from NYS Building Code Appendix L.

• Appendix P - R2 Occupancy Toilet and Bathing Facilities Requirements: Addresses the specific requirements for toilet and bathing facilities within R-2 dwelling units



Entrances

• Public entrance: 100% Accessible

• Service entrance: Must be accessible if it is the only entrance to a building

• Restricted entrance: 100% Accessible



Parking

• 5% accessible parking

• Van accessible parking: 6 or fraction of 6 but not less than 1

• Hospitals and Rehabs require higher number of accessible parking. (Equal to ADA)



Dwelling units

• Accessible Unit – Similar concept as Usable Unit in LL58/87

• Type B Unit – Similar to FHA

• R-2 Occupancy Type B Unit – Similar concept as Adaptable Unit in LL58/87 but also comply

with FHA



R-2 Occupancy Type B Unit

• Doors and doorways (1107.2.1)• Toilet and Bathing (1107.2.2)• Kitchen and kitchenette (1107.2.3)• Operable windows (1107.2.4)• Multistory units (1107.2.5)• Raised or sunken floor (1107.2.6)• Storage facilities (1107.2.7)• Laundry equipment (1107.2.8)



R-3 occupancies with 4 or more dwelling units in a single structure• In buildings with elevator, each dwelling unit must be a Type B dwelling

unit (Adaptable Unit)• In buildings without elevator, ground floor units must be Type B

dwelling units



Unisex Toilet Room

• Required in Assembly and Mercantile occupancies where an aggregate of 6 or more (male + female) water closets are required


Chapter 16 – Structural Design



• Governs the structural design of buildings and structures.– Based on:

• International Building Code (IBC), 2003• ASCE 7 “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other

Structures”, 2002 edition• New York City Model Code Committee,

Structural/Foundation Subcommittee modifications– Establishes general design methodologies:

• Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Method• Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Method

– Provides minimum design loads, load combinations, and procedures for determination of loads:• Dead Loads• Live Loads• Snow Loads• Wind Loads• Earthquake Loads• Structural Integrity Loads• Serviceability Limits



• Importance Factor Category (Section 1604.5)

• Based on Building Occupancy– Category I – Structures that

present a substantially low hazard to human life in the event of failure

– Category II – Buildings not listed in Categories I, III, and IV

– Category III – Buildings that present a substantial hazard to human life in the event of failure

– Category IV – Essential Facilities: Facilities housing Fire, Police, and Emergency Response personnel, Emergency Shelters

Table 1604.5 Importance Factor

Importance Factor Category

Snow(IS)

Wind(IW)

Seismic (IE)

I 0.80 0.87 1.00

II 1.00 1.00 1.00

III 1.10 1.15 1.25

IV 1.20 1.15 1.50



Snow Loads – Section 1608• Based on NYC regional climate value for ground snow load (pg)• Exposure Factor – Measures exposure of building to snow• Thermal Factor – modeling conditions of building being designed• Importance Factor – based on building occupancy• Sliding snow from higher roofs with slopes• Snow drift against parapets and higher roofs



Wind Loads – Section 1609• Based on NYC regional climate value for basic

wind speed (V)• Exposure Categories – Measures exposure of

building to wind from one direction– Category A – Large City Centers– Category B – Urban and Suburban areas with

numerous closely spaced obstructions the size of a single-family dwelling or larger.

– Category C – Open terrain with scattered obstructions, including all water surfaces in hurricane-prone regions.

• Importance Factor – based on building occupancy

• Two Simplified procedures available for buildings based on height and location



Seismic activity in New York State• New York is considered an area of

“Moderate” Seismicity• New York has had 4 Earthquakes

Magnitude (M) 5.0 – M 5.5 Since 1884

• M 5.2 Earthquake hit NYC in 1884• While not very likely, an M 7.0 has

occurred on the US Atlantic Coast – Charleston, South Carolina 1886

• M 7.0 earthquake may occur in NYC Area, including Off-Shore Epicenters

• Even the possibility of larger magnitude (M>7.0) earthquakes cannot be completely excluded



Recent Earthquake Activity Northeastern U.S.

• United States Geological Survey Earthquake Data (USGS)

• Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory – Columbia University, NY

• 66 Earthquakes recorded in the last 6 months

• Largest Earthquake on this map:– November 29, 2006

• Magnitude: 4.1• Location: 273 miles NNW of

Buffalo, NY• Depth: 0.6 miles



Earthquake Loads Sections 1613-23• New Seismic Concepts:

– Buildings are assigned Seismic Design Categories (SDC) based on:• 1-second and 0.2-second spectral

response accelerations• Soil/Rock classification• Building Occupancy

– SDC Determines• Requirements for Detailing of

connections• Maximum Building Heights for

specific structural systems• Minimum design forces for

structural elements• Seismic resistance requirements

of non-structural components



• Seismic Design Categories (Section 1616.3)

Seismic Design Category(Based on NYCBC Minimum Values) I & II III IV Importance Factor Category

(NYCBC Table 1604.5)

Site Class SDS SD1 I II III Seismic Use Group (NYCBC Table 1604.5, note a)

A Hard Rock 0.195 0.038 B B C

B Rock 0.243 0.047 B B C

C Very dense soil and soft rock 0.292 0.080 B B C

D Stiff soil profile 0.367 0.114 C C D

E Soft soil profile 0.518 0.166 Da Da D

F Site-specific analysis required

Note a: Building structures in Seismic Use Groups I or II and on Site Class E may be designed in Seismic Design Category C if their Fundamental Period of Vibration is not between 1 and 2 seconds or a dynamic structural analysis based on a site specific spectrum is performed.



• Seismic Restraint of Non-structural Components

Seismic DesignCategory

Non-structural Components Required to be Seismically Braced

B • Parapets supported by bearing walls• Storage racks in structures open to the public

C • Same as SDC B (above)• Architectural Components (e.g. partitions, suspended ceilings)• Life safety component required to function after an earthquake (e.g. fire protection

sprinkler system, emergency power system)• Component containing Hazardous content• Seismic Use Group III only: Components needed for continued operation of the

facility or whose failure could impair the continued operation of the facility

D • Same as SDC C (above)• Equipment weighing more than 400 lbs.• Equipment more than 20 lbs. and less than 400 lbs. mounted more than 4 feet

above the floor• Distribution systems weighing more than 5 pounds per linear foot (plf)• Flexible connections between the components and associated ductwork, piping

and conduit must be provided for all other equipment to be exempt.



Earthquake Loads Sections 1613-23

• Applicable to all new buildings– Existing Buildings will be subject to

the Current Code Requirements for Seismic Retrofit (TPPN #4/1996)

• Exceptions retained for One- and Two-family homes three stories or less in height



• Proposed Structural Integrity Provisions• Applicable to all buildings

– Vehicular Impact Design Load requirement, Section 1625.5

– High-pressure Gas explosion Design Load requirement, Section 1625.6

– Continuity and Ties requirements – Requiring additional strength and detailing of members and their connections• Steel Construction –Section 2213

• Structural Steel Members• Composite Concrete Slabs on Metal Deck

• Concrete Construction –Section 1917• Cast-In-Place Concrete• Precast Concrete

• Masonry Construction – Section 2114• Bearing walls• Piers & Columns



Structural Integrity – Key Element Analysis

• Key Element Analysis – Section 1626– Two Options:

• Alternate Load Path Method – Design to prevent a disproportionate collapse assuming a “Key Element” will fail due to an extreme event

• Specific Local Resistance Method - Design key elements for code prescribed loads.

…continued



Structural Integrity – Key Element Analysis

• Key Element Analysis required for:– Buildings more than 600 feet (183 m) tall or more than

1,000,000 square feet (92 903 m2)– Essential Facilities larger than 50,000 square feet (4645 m2)– Building with an Aspect Ratio greater than 7– Buildings taller than 7 stories where one structural member

supports more than 15% of the aggregate building area– Buildings designed using non-linear time history analysis or

utilizing special seismic energy dissipation systems (Base Isolation or Dampers)

• Structural Peer Review by a qualified independent structural engineer also required – Section 1627


QUESTIONS?This concludes The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems Program

299 Broadway, Ste. 206

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